Article
Environmental Sciences
Anu Valtonen, Eveliina Korkiatupa, Sille Holm, Geoffrey M. Malinga, Ryosuke Nakadai
Summary: Restoration has become a global priority, with initiatives such as the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Monitoring vegetation recovery using NDVI and EVI showed non-linear patterns in forest regeneration, with an initial increase in both indices indicating successful onset of forest recovery. Differentiation between primary forests and regenerating forests was possible based on unique combinations of low mean and seasonal variation in EVI.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Tasha R. M. Rabinowitz, Jeremy T. Lundholm, Jennie M. Graham, Tony M. Bowron, Danika van Proosdij
Summary: The study evaluated six techniques for encouraging revegetation at two salt marsh restoration sites and found that planting plugs produced the highest abundance of perennial halophytes over two years. Plant performance was more strongly related to site factors than planting technique.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Xueqin Zeng, Gunter A. Fischer
Summary: Forest restoration with multi-seedlot planting strategy showed higher genetic recovery, greater genetic diversity, and larger effective population size compared to single seedlot planting and natural populations, indicating its efficacy in capturing genetic variation and eliminating seed shadow effects. High levels of genetic diversity in propagule collection are crucial for ensuring the long-term viability of forest restoration, especially when only a few parental trees are available.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Business
Stephanie Mansourian, Daniel Vallauri
Summary: An increasing number of businesses advertise their tree planting engagements even though it is not their main business. We conducted a study in three European countries: France, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom to investigate why, where, and with whom these tree planting activities are carried out. Our findings reveal that 98% of the large corporations from these countries have engaged in tree planting activities over the past 22 years, contributing to planting more than 500 million trees.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Anna Sugiyama, Edward T. Game, S. Joseph Wright
Summary: With the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, there is an urgent need for strategies to enhance carbon sequestration and long-term storage. This study suggests that using exceptional species with fast growth rates, high wood density, and low mortality rates in reforestation efforts can significantly increase carbon sequestration potential. This approach has the potential to boost long-term carbon storage in reforestation projects focused on carbon sequestration, but it is not a substitute for conserving existing old primary forests, reforested lands, and reducing deforestation and emissions.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Anant Deshwal, Steven L. Stephenson, Pooja Panwar, Brett A. DeGregorio, Ragupathy Kannan, John D. Willson
Summary: Habitat loss due to anthropogenic disturbance and climate change threatens shrubland bird communities in the Eastern Ghats of India. A study on foraging sites of 14 shrubland bird species identified important microhabitat features such as shrub density, vegetational height, foliage stratification, grass height, and rock cover. Several factors affecting foraging habitat can be managed at the local scale to promote bird conservation.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Patrick K. Devers, Robert L. Emmet, G. Scott Boomer, Guthrie S. Zimmerman, J. Andrew Royle
Summary: The study found that the two-season banding program for American Black Ducks and Mallards can effectively and accurately assess seasonal and annual survival rates, providing researchers and managers with a more effective tool to test population management hypotheses.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Natalia Mesa-Sierra, Marines de la Pena-Domene, Julio Campo, Christian P. Giardina
Summary: Deforestation poses a significant threat to tropical dry forests in Mexico, and active restoration measures are required to reintroduce tree cover. Through synthesizing restoration literature, we found that the Yucatan Peninsula had the highest number of restoration sites, and planting seedlings was the most commonly used strategy. Plant survival was influenced by factors such as maximum annual temperature and aridity index.
Article
Plant Sciences
Gang Hu, Zhonghua Zhang, Lei Li
Summary: This study investigated the contents and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in soil and fine roots during vegetation restoration stages in a tropical mountainous area in southern China. The results showed that soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:P ratio, and N:P ratio increased significantly with vegetation restoration, while they decreased significantly with increasing soil depth. The fine root nitrogen and phosphorus content and N:P ratio also increased with vegetation restoration, but decreased with increasing soil depth. The study provides valuable information for understanding changes in soil and plant nutrient status and biogeochemical cycling during vegetation restoration.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Carlos Delano Cardoso de Oliveira, Giselda Durigan, Francis Edward Putz
Summary: Thinning in restored tropical forests can stimulate natural regeneration and increase seedling density and transitions from saplings to trees. Gap opening intensifies understory dynamics, leading to a pulse of natural regeneration in the years following thinning. However, the changes are not simultaneous and do not usually persist over time.
ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Kimberlee Chang, Krister P. Andersson
Summary: Social, biophysical, and institutional contexts impact forest users' incentives to collaborate on forest restoration, with consideration of factors such as future discount rates, opportunity costs, and collective action capabilities being crucial for effective interventions. Research findings suggest that certain enabling factors can increase the likelihood of users engaging in forest improvement activities, and that social contexts can influence the effects of institutional and biophysical factors. The implications of these findings are significant for future interventions aimed at restoring forests in developing countries.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pieter A. Zuidema, Flurin Babst, Peter Groenendijk, Valerie Trouet, Abrham Abiyu, Rodolfo Acuna-Soto, Eduardo Adenesky-Filho, Raquel Alfaro-Sanchez, Jose Roberto Vieira Aragao, Gabriel Assis-Pereira, Xue Bai, Ana Carolina Barbosa, Giovanna Battipaglia, Hans Beeckman, Paulo Cesar Botosso, Tim Bradley, Achim Braeuning, Roel Brienen, Brendan M. Buckley, J. Julio Camarero, Ana Carvalho, Gregorio Ceccantini, Librado R. Centeno-Erguera, Julian Cerano-Paredes, Alvaro Agustin Chavez-Duran, Bruno Barcante Ladvocat Cintra, Malcolm K. Cleaveland, Camille Couralet, Rosanne D'Arrigo, Jorge Ignacio del Valle, Oliver Duenisch, Brian J. Enquist, Karin Esemann-Quadros, Zewdu Eshetu, Ze-Xin Fan, M. Eugenia Ferrero, Esther Fichtler, Claudia Fontana, Kainana S. Francisco, Aster Gebrekirstos, Emanuel Gloor, Daniela Granato-Souza, Kristof Haneca, Grant Logan Harley, Ingo Heinrich, Gerd Helle, Janet G. Inga, Mahmuda Islam, Yu-mei Jiang, Mark Kaib, Zakia Hassan Khamisi, Marcin Koprowski, Bart Kruijt, Eva Layme, Rik Leemans, A. Joshua Leffler, Claudio Sergio Lisi, Neil J. Loader, Giuliano Maselli Locosselli, Lidio Lopez, Maria Lopez-Hernandez, Jose Luis Penetra Cerveira Lousada, Hooz A. Mendivelso, Mulugeta Mokria, Valdinez Ribeiro Montoia, Eddy Moors, Cristina Nabais, Justine Ngoma, Francisco de Carvalho Nogueira Junior, Juliano Morales Oliveira, Gabriela Morais Olmedo, Mariana Alves Pagotto, Shankar Panthi, Gonzalo Perez-De-Lis, Darwin Pucha-Cofrep, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Mizanur Rahman, Jorge Andres Ramirez, Edilson Jimmy Requena-Rojas, Adauto de Souza Ribeiro, Iain Robertson, Fidel Alejandro Roig, Ernesto Alonso Rubio-Camacho, Ute Sass-Klaassen, Jochen Schongart, Paul R. Sheppard, Franziska Slotta, James H. Speer, Matthew D. Therrell, Benjamin Toirambe, Mario Tomazello-Filho, Max C. A. Torbenson, Ramzi Touchan, Alejandro Venegas-Gonzalez, Ricardo Villalba, Jose Villanueva-Diaz, Royd Vinya, Mart Vlam, Tommy Wils, Zhe-Kun Zhou
Summary: According to a pantropical tree-ring network, dry-season climate variability is a primary driver of tropical tree growth. The study found that woody biomass growth increases with dry-season precipitation and decreases with dry-season maximum temperature. The strength of these dry-season climate responses varies among sites and is influenced by drier, hotter, and more climatically variable regions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Csaba Tolgyesi, Alida Anna Habenczyus, Andras Kelemen, Peter Torok, Orsolya Valko, Balazs Deak, Laszlo Erdos, Benedek Toth, Nandor Csikos, Zoltan Batori
Summary: Tree planting is a widely used nature-based solution for mitigating climate change. However, it can have adverse effects in naturally open biomes, such as water shortage due to increased evapotranspiration. This study assessed how soil texture affects the trade-off between tree cover and water balance in the forest-steppe biome.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Esmaeel Adrah, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar, Hamdan Omar, Shaurya Bajaj, Rodrigo Vieira Leite, Siti Munirah Mazlan, Carlos Alberto Silva, Maggie Chel Gee Ooi, Mohd Nizam Mohd Said, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, Adrian Cardil, Midhun Mohan
Summary: The study investigates the influential climatic and environmental drivers of canopy height in tropical forests in Malaysia and explores the relationship between canopy height and water availability and elevation. The findings are important for understanding the variation in tree height in tropical forests and support the development of ecosystem modeling, forest management practices, and monitoring forest response to climate change.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Danilo Roberti Alves de Almeida, Eben North Broadbent, Matheus Pinheiro Ferreira, Paula Meli, Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano, Eric Bastos Gorgens, Angelica Faria Resende, Catherine Torres de Almeida, Cibele Hummel do Amaral, Ana Paula Dalla Corte, Carlos Alberto Silva, Joao P. Romanelli, Gabriel Atticciati Prata, Daniel de Almeida Papa, Scott C. Stark, Ruben Valbuena, Bruce Walker Nelsonn, Joannes Guillemot, Jean-Baptiste Feret, Robin Chazdon, Pedro H. S. Brancalion
Summary: Remote sensors, particularly UAV-borne lidar and hyperspectral data, offer a promising technology for monitoring forest restoration projects. By combining these two types of data, it is possible to accurately assess vegetation diversity and structure, leading to improved decision-making processes in restoration efforts.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Leland K. Werden, Karen D. Holl, Jose Miguel Chaves-Fallas, Federico Oviedo-Brenes, Juan Abel Rosales, Rakan A. Zahawi
Summary: This study examined the differences in seed arrival under natural regeneration and active restoration interventions in pre-montane tropical wet forest in southern Costa Rica over a 3.5-year period. The results showed that active restoration interventions can accelerate the recovery of seed diversity, shift seed community composition towards remnant forest more rapidly, almost double the proportion of later-successional tree species arriving, and lead to year-to-year differences in seed communities. Natural regeneration may promote the assembly of relatively homogeneous plant communities at this successional stage.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Justin C. Luong, Karen D. Holl, Michael E. Loik
Summary: The study found that plant species with resource conservative traits were more likely to survive under climate change conditions. Leaf traits and phylogenetics were closely related to plant mortality risk in a coastal grassland, indicating the importance of trait-based selection and phylogenetic relationships in improving restoration outcomes in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benis N. Egoh, Charity Nyelele, Karen D. Holl, James M. Bullock, Steve Carver, Christopher J. Sandom
Article
Ecology
Andy J. Kulikowski, Rakan A. Zahawi, Karen D. Holl
Summary: Insect herbivory plays a significant role in seedling mortality in tropical forests, impacting plant abundances and community composition. Disturbances caused by human activities may alter patterns of insect herbivory, affecting plant communities in restored forests. Our study suggests that insect herbivory-driven seedling mortality is lower in restored forests, especially for later-successional tree species. However, continued reductions in seedling mortality may have implications for tree community composition as succession progresses.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Rakan A. Zahawi, Leland K. Werden, Miriam San-Jose, Juan Abel Rosales, Jeffry Flores, Karen D. Holl
Summary: The study assessed the impact of spatial distribution and life-history traits of tree species on recruitment patterns in agricultural landscapes in southern Costa Rica. Results showed that mother tree abundance and specific life-history traits significantly influenced recruit density, especially for large-seeded (>=5 mm) zoochorous species.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Karen D. Holl, Francis H. Joyce, John L. Reid
Summary: In a recently published paper, Silva et al. argue that placing fruit feeders in restored tropical forests can enhance the diversity of animal species and seeds, making it a cost-effective strategy for forest restoration. However, the authors' experimental design and choice of response variables have been criticized for not providing rigorous evidence to support this claim.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Miriam San-Jose, Leland Werden, Chris J. Peterson, Federico Oviedo-Brenes, Rakan A. Zahawi
Summary: The study in the southern Costa Rican forest found a significant decline in biomass of large old-growth dense-wooded trees, leading to an overall decrease in biomass; while the reserve may effectively preserve plant diversity, it may mask other key shifts such as large aboveground biomass loss.
Article
Ecology
Monica Diaz-Paez, Leland K. Werden, Rakan A. Zahawi, Julian Usuga, Jaime Polania
Summary: Planting vegetatively propagated trees such as Erythrina edulis and Brugmansia arborea in the Neotropics can significantly reduce exotic forage grass biomass, improve survival rates and growth performance, and facilitate the restoration of tropical forests.
RESTORATION ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
J. Leighton Reid, Rakan A. Zahawi, Diego A. Zarrate-Chary, Juan A. Rosales, Karen D. Holl, Urs Kormann
Summary: The study focuses on the potential of attracting toucans to regenerating forests to help establish more diverse tree communities. Through modeling and on-site observations, it was found that toucans visited restoration sites more frequently in suitable landscape environments, and a higher frequency of toucan visits predicted a richer recruitment of LSAD tree species into regenerating forests.
Review
Ecology
Karen D. Holl, Justin C. Luong, Pedro H. S. Brancalion
Summary: The extensive evidence suggests that restoration practices often result in lower regional diversity compared to reference landscapes. This is due to the selection of easily-grown species with high survival rates, which reduces genetic diversity. To counteract biotic homogenization, reintroducing species adapted to localized conditions and unlikely to colonize naturally, periodically reintroducing propagules from remnant populations to increase genetic diversity, and reintroducing higher trophic level fauna to restore interaction networks that promote habitat heterogeneity are discussed. Policy changes, such as regional coordination among restoration groups, financial incentives for conservation-valued species, and experimental designations for rare species introductions, can also increase regional diversity.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
F. Andrew Jones, Adam S. Hadley, Kaitlin Bonner, Rakan A. Zahawi, W. Douglas Robinson, Urs Kormann, Matthew G. Betts
Summary: Forest conversion and habitat loss pose major threats to biodiversity. A study found that in secondary forests, inbreeding levels were three times higher than in primary forests, and the levels were amplified with reductions in the surrounding primary forest. The study also revealed a negative correlation between inbreeding in forest patches and the local frequency of specialist traplining hummingbirds.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam San-Jose, Leland K. Werden, Francis H. Joyce, J. Leighton Reid, Karen D. Holl, Rakan A. Zahawi
Summary: This study assessed the impact of tree cover and configuration on forest-dependent birds and tree seedlings, and found that the abundance and species richness of birds increase significantly in landscapes with more corridors, higher tree cover, and lower fragmentation. However, the influence on seedlings is weaker. The study underscores the importance of considering landscape-level metrics in restoration projects.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Josephine Lesage, Grey Hayes, Karen Holl
Summary: Livestock grazing is commonly used to maximize vegetation diversity in grassland ecosystems. This study found that grazed prairies continued to have lower vegetation height and greater native annual forb richness compared to ungrazed prairies. However, severe drought and increasing aridity may be driving declines in native annual forb richness in grazed prairies.