Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vikas Hakke, Shirish Sonawane, Sambandam Anandan, Shriram Sonawane, Muthupandian Ashokkumar
Summary: This review focuses on recent developments in synthesizing nanomaterials using process intensification, covering microreactor design, design principles, and fundamental mechanisms. Various examples from the literature discuss the advantages and disadvantages of microfluidics technology for nanomaterial synthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Patrick Bitterwolf, Ahmed E. Zoheir, Julian Hertel, Sandra Kroll, Kersten S. Rabe, Christof M. Niemeyer
Summary: An intracellular approach to produce all-enzyme hydrogel particles has been developed, enabling efficient and sustainable biocatalysis. By using gene engineering, the researchers were able to simplify the construction of biocatalytic reactors and improve the stability and continuity of the reactions. This study provides a novel method for optimizing sustainable biocatalytic processes.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana I. Benitez-Mateos, Stefania Bertella, Jean Behaghel de Bueren, Jeremy S. Luterbacher, Francesca Paradisi
Summary: The study explores the use of functionalized lignin as an eco-friendly and cost-effective material for enzyme immobilization. By stabilizing lignin with terephthalic aldehyde during extraction, a range of enzymes can be immobilized with high yields. The reversible immobilization of enzymes on polyethyleneimine-lignin shows promising results in maintaining stability and allowing for recycling.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiangxiang Wang, Youyu Xie, Zhicai Wang, Ke Zhang, Hualei Wang, Dongzhi Wei
Summary: We developed a continuous flow system for the synthesis of a key intermediate for a novel inhibitor. The immobilized omega-transaminase on a modified resin showed high activity recovery and stability, achieving outstanding reaction efficiency in a continuous operation for 24 hours. This system has the potential for large-scale production of the key intermediate.
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Julian S. S. Hertel, Patrick Bitterwolf, Sandra Kroell, Astrid Winterhalter, Annika J. J. Weber, Maximilian Groesche, Laurenz B. B. Walkowsky, Stefan Heissler, Matthias Schwotzer, Christof Woell, Thomas van de Kamp, Marcus Zuber, Tilo Baumbach, Kersten S. S. Rabe, Christof M. M. Niemeyer
Summary: Industrial biocatalysis plays an important role in sustainable economic development. A new method using monodisperse foams composed mostly of enzymes, synthesized via microfluidic air-in-water droplet formation, has been developed. These biocatalytic foams are highly stable and can be directly integrated into microreactors, enabling efficient biocatalytic conversions. The physicochemical characterization of the foams and exemplary applications in biocatalysis are described.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Gizem Oelcuecue, Benedikt Baumer, Kira Kuesters, Kathrin Moellenhoff, Marco Oldiges, Joerg Pietruszka, Karl-Erich Jaeger, Ulrich Krauss
Summary: In this study, different tags and fusion strategies for catalytically active inclusion bodies (CatIBs) were benchmarked. The results showed that the selection of tags and fusion strategies strongly influenced the yield, activity, and stability of CatIBs. Optimization led to the production of alcohol dehydrogenase CatIBs with superior activity and stability, which were successfully applied in a flow synthesis approach for the first time.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Luiza A. D. Beninca, Alexandre S. Franca, Gabriela C. Breda, Raquel A. C. Leao, Rodrigo V. Almeida, Frank Hollmann, Rodrigo O. M. A. de Souza
Summary: The fatty acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP) has the potential to be used in green chemistry for alternative biofuel production. This study focused on optimizing the reaction and applying a continuous flow system. The results showed that using high power LED lamps reduced reaction time and continuous flow system achieved full conversion in a short residence time. Furthermore, using less expensive and sustainable light sources, not previously reported, also achieved full conversion. This study provides important advances and new perspectives for CvFAP photodecarboxylation reactions.
MOLECULAR CATALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ana I. Benitez-Mateos, Francesca Paradisi
Summary: Flow biocatalysis is an empowering tool for automatized, sustainable, and efficient enzymatic reactions in industrial operations. Its development in the past fifteen years has been significant, although there are still challenges to be overcome.
JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Micol Santi, Luca Sancineto, Vanessa Nascimento, Juliano Braun Azeredo, Erika V. M. Orozco, Leandro H. Andrade, Harald Groeger, Claudio Santi
Summary: Biocatalysts have become a popular choice in the past few years, especially when applied in continuous flow systems, which are crucial for overcoming the limitations of traditional enzymatic catalysis and enabling more sustainable synthetic pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Donzella, Martina Letizia Contente
Summary: The number of biocatalyzed reactions at the industrial level is increasing rapidly, and the combination of biocatalysis with continuous processes is considered a powerful tool for enhancing process selectivity, productivity, and sustainability. This article aims to describe the recent advances and future developments in this technology, leading to smart, efficient, and greener strategies for process optimization and large-scale production.
JOURNAL OF FLOW CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian C. Cosgrove, Gavin J. Miller, Amin Bornadel, Beatriz Dominguez
Summary: The immobilization of nitroreductase enzyme enables continuous chemoenzymatic synthesis of anilines. The application of biocatalysis in classical synthetic transformations has gained attention due to the sustainability benefits it offers to the chemical industry. However, the biocatalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using nitroreductase biocatalysts has not been extensively explored in synthetic chemistry. This study demonstrates the successful reduction of aromatic nitro compounds using immobilized nitroreductase in a continuous packed-bed reactor, allowing for extended reuse of the immobilized system.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kajal S. Jaiswal, Virendra K. Rathod
Summary: The review highlights the use of immobilized enzymes for flavor ester synthesis and emphasizes the application of process intensification tools like ultrasound and microwave irradiation to enhance reaction efficiency.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Gizem Oelcuecue, Ulrich Krauss, Karl-Erich Jaeger, Joerg Pietruszka
Summary: The combination of biocatalysis and flow chemistry shows great potential in the development of efficient and environmentally friendly industrial processes. This review provides an overview of immobilization strategies suitable for flow chemistry, with a focus on recently developed carrier-free immobilization methods, highlighting advances in the field and presenting future trends.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Piera De Santis, Noemi Petrovai, Lars-Erik Meyer, Markus Hobisch, Selin Kara
Summary: UPOs have been extensively studied in the past decade, with immobilization of the enzyme offering increased stability and resistance, effectively addressing challenges in industrial applications.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Guosheng Chen, Siming Huang, Xiaomin Ma, Rongwei He, Gangfeng Ouyang
Summary: Enzymes, as exceptional natural catalysts, play vital roles in life-sustaining biotransformations due to their exquisite 3D structures. However, their flexibility makes them vulnerable in non-physiological environments, hindering their large-scale industrial applications. This study presents a new bottom-up strategy for enzyme encapsulation using a hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF-101), allowing for the encapsulation of various enzymes within a highly crystalline scaffold. Compared to other methods, this enzyme-triggering HOF-101 encapsulation is easy to operate and offers higher loading efficiency, with a well-arranged structure and mesochannels that enhance mass transfer and understanding of biocatalytic processes.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Zdenek Petrasek, Juan M. Bolivar, Bernd Nidetzky
Summary: In this study, optimal parameters for measuring luminescence lifetime on the microsecond scale are determined by scanning the excitation beam across the sample. Simulation is used to evaluate the luminescence decay rate with different scan velocities, and it is found that the variable-velocity scanning method is more robust to background signals compared to conventional gating schemes.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Peter Wied, Francesco Carraro, Juan M. Bolivar, Christian J. Doonan, Paolo Falcaro, Bernd Nidetzky
Summary: This article explores the method of incorporating enzymes into hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks and finds that genetic engineering can enhance the loading and activity of enzymes, with high stability and versatility.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Celia Alvarez-Gonzalez, Victoria E. Santos, Miguel Ladero, Juan M. Bolivar
Summary: Cellulose saccharification to glucose is crucial for bioenergy, chemical, and food industries, and β-glucosidase plays a vital role in the final hydrolysis of cellobiose. Designing highly active and stable immobilized β-glucosidase-based biocatalysts is a key strategy for efficient saccharification. The study successfully designed an immobilized-stabilized solid-supported β-glucosidase and achieved efficient cellobiose degradation under mild conditions.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sabine Schelch, Juan M. Bolivar, Bernd Nidetzky
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of optical sensing for monitoring and controlling the release of soluble O-2 in the microstructure of a solid support during bio-catalysis. By precisely controlling the supply of H2O2, the internal O-2 concentration can be maintained within the desired range, preventing enzyme inactivation and gas formation. The implementation of this strategy results in a significant enhancement in reaction rate.
BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberto Morellon-Sterling, Olga Tavano, Juan M. Bolivar, Angel Berenguer-Murcia, Gilber Vela-Gutierrez, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
Summary: This article highlights the complexities of immobilizing pepsin and discusses potential methods and applications. The lack of primary amino groups on the enzyme's surface and its poor stability at alkaline pH values present challenges for immobilization. The review also proposes possibilities for achieving both covalent immobilization and stabilization of pepsin through multipoint covalent attachment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jorge Garcia-Montalvo, Alberto Garcia-Martin, Jon Ibanez Bujan, Victoria E. Santos Mazorra, Pedro Yustos Cuesta, Juan M. Bolivar, Miguel Ladero
Summary: This study selected several promising aqueous mixtures for the fast extraction of functional antioxidant mixtures from apple and grape pomaces. It was found that water-solvent mixtures, particularly 30% water-70% ethanol (v/v) for grape pomace (GP) and 10% ethylene water-90% ethylene glycol (v/v) for apple pomace (AP), were the better options for extraction. The extraction processes could be well-described by a second-order kinetic model.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Antonio L. Medina-Castillo, Lucija Ruzic, Bernd Nidetzky, Juan M. Bolivar
Summary: High quality nonwoven nanofiber membranes with excellent mechanical and chemical properties were fabricated by electrospinning and used for enzyme immobilization. Two different polymer blends were successfully functionalized to immobilize two enzymes.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberto Morellon-Sterling, Juan M. Bolivar, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
Summary: The immobilization of ficin on vinyl sulfone agarose caused its almost complete inactivation, possibly due to the modification of catalytic cysteine. By switching off ficin with dipyridyl-disulfide during immobilization and switching it on with 1 M beta-mercaptoethanol, the activity of the immobilized ficin could be significantly increased.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Rodolpho R. C. Monteiro, Silvia S. O. da Silva, Celio L. Cavalcante, F. Murilo T. de Luna, Juan M. Bolivar, Rodrigo S. Vieira, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in the biological transformation of fatty acids into hydrocarbons for biofuel production. Several enzymes, such as fatty acid decarboxylases and photodecarboxylases, have been used in this process. These enzymes offer new possibilities for utilizing renewable resources for biofuel production, although there are still many limitations.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thays N. da Rocha, Roberto Morellon-Sterlling, Javier Rocha-Martin, Juan M. Bolivar, Luciana R. B. Goncalves, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
Summary: Penicillin G acylase from Escherichia coli was successfully immobilized on vinyl sulfone agarose beads. The immobilization was optimized with the purpose of obtaining a stable and active biocatalyst. The study found that vinyl sulfone agarose beads have heterofunctionality, offering new possibilities for enzyme immobilization.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Thays N. da Rocha, Roberto Morellon-Sterling, Luciana R. B. Goncalves, Juan M. Bolivar, Andres R. Alcantara, Javier Rocha-Martin, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
Summary: In this study, MANAE-vinyl sulfone (VS) agarose beads were found to be a better support for immobilizing PGA enzyme compared to agarose-VS beads. The modified beads allowed for rapid and covalent immobilization of PGA, resulting in improved stability compared to low ionic strength VS-agarose.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yosra Snoussi, Itziar A. Escanciano, Mariana Alvarez Serafini, Neji Besbes, Juan M. Bolivar, Miguel Ladero
Summary: A Tunisian clay rich in inorganic carbonates was found to be an effective catalyst for the transcarbonation reaction between glycerol and ethylene carbonate, resulting in the production of valuable glycerol carbonate and ethylene glycol. The study also demonstrated the stability of the clay catalyst at higher temperatures, suggesting its potential for recycle use. This research is significant in exploring new applications for glycerol and improving the utilization of by-products.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alvaro Lorente-Arevalo, Guillermo Orellana, Miguel Ladero, Juan M. Bolivar
Summary: This study focuses on the immobilization of Galactose Oxidase (GalOx) to enhance its activity and stability. The co-immobilization of a heme-containing protein as an activator is also explored. The results demonstrate the efficient performance of the immobilized enzyme in galactose oxidation, offering promising prospects for its application in technical biocatalytic processes.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
David Gonzalez-Miranda, Diego Carballares, Tomas Pedregal, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente, Miguel Ladero, Juan M. Bolivar
Summary: This study achieved efficient synthesis of glycerol carbonate using immobilized lipases under solventless conditions. The use of immobilized C. rugosa lipase showed the highest turnover numbers and allowed for multiple reaction cycles. The results of this research highlight the significance of reaction engineering approaches in developing efficient sustainable processes for synthesizing valuable chemicals.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juan M. Bolivar, John M. Woodley, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente
Summary: Enzyme immobilization technology has not been fully utilized yet, partly due to the improper experimental design in evaluating the technology. With the continuous developments in material science, bioprocess engineering, and protein science, enzyme immobilization remains a subject of high interest and shows promising prospects for the future.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2022)
