Journal
BIOSCIENCE BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 77, Issue 10, Pages 2038-2045Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130353
Keywords
aldo-keto reductase (AKR); methylglyoxal (MG); plant diabetes; triose phosphate (TP); reactive carbonyls (RCs)
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [21570041]
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [22114512, 21114006]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22114512, 21114006] Funding Source: KAKEN
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In Arabidopsis thaliana, the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) family includes four enzymes (The AKR4C subfamily: AKR4C8, AKR4C9, AKR4C10, and AKR4C11). AKR4C8 and AKR4C9 might detoxify sugar-derived reactive carbonyls (RCs). We analyzed AKR4C10 and AKR4C11, and compared the enzymatic functions of the four enzymes. Modeling of protein structures based on the known structure of AKR4C9 found an (alpha/beta)(8)-barrel motif in all four enzymes. Loop structures (A, B, and C) which determine substrate specificity, differed among the four. Both AKR4C10 and AKR4C11 reduced methylglyoxal. AKR4C10 reduced triose phosphates, dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), and glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate (GAP), the most efficiently of all the AKR4Cs. Acrolein, a lipid-derived RC, inactivated the four enzymes to different degrees. Expression of the AKR4C genes was induced under high-[CO2] and high light, when photosynthesis was enhanced and photosynthates accumulated in the cells. These results suggest that the AKR4C subfamily contributes to the detoxification of sugar-derived RCs in plants.
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