Article
Energy & Fuels
Yan Cao, Yu Bai, Jiang Du
Summary: By varying the temperature, steam/biomass ratio, and olivine content, this study investigated their impact on the product gas composition, tar content, and H2 yield. The results showed that gas and H2 yields were higher at higher temperatures, with an increase in CO and H2 contents. These findings suggest that steam-gasification with olivine can be a promising option for producing H2-rich syngas with less tar formation and lower CO2 emissions.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Naresh Hanchate, Sudha Ramani, C. S. Mathpati, Vishwanath H. Dalvi
Summary: Biomass gasification is a widely explored research area for synthetic gas production. Dual fluidized bed gasifiers are a recent technology capable of producing medium heating value syngas.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Beatrice Vincenti, Francesco Gallucci, Enrico Paris, Monica Carnevale, Adriano Palma, Mariangela Salerno, Carmine Cava, Orlando Palone, Giuliano Agati, Michele Vincenzo Migliarese Caputi, Domenico Borello
Summary: The selection of an appropriate bed material is crucial in fluidized bed gasification but often underestimated. The ideal material should be cost-effective, heat-resistant, and have minimal chemical interaction with biomass. In this study, olivine and K-feldspar were tested in a fluidized bed gasifier using almond shells as biomass. The syngas produced was characterized and compared in terms of composition and contaminants. It was found that olivine resulted in higher concentrations of heavy metals in the syngas compared to K-feldspar, and K-feldspar produced a more hydrogen-rich syngas.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bijan Hejazi
Summary: In this study, a novel heat integration alternative for biomass gasification is proposed, which involves cooling the syngas to near-ambient temperature using an indirect water condenser. A one-dimensional kinetic model is developed and validated against experimental data to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. The study also shows that increasing the bio-oil recycle ratio can improve water conversion and chemical efficiency at the expense of carbon conversion and thermal efficiency.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Weijian Song, Chaoyang Deng, Shuai Guo
Summary: Steam can effectively promote the conversion of tar into gaseous products, reducing the tar content. Steam has different effects on various components of tar, with polycyclic aromatic substances being more prone to decomposition. The development of pore structure in the presence of steam enhances the catalytic performance of char on tar conversion.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dandan Hu, Xi Zeng, Fang Wang, Yanbing Cui, Qi Zhou, Guangwen Xu
Summary: A newly-developed micro fluidized bed reaction analyser (MFBRA) was used to study the effects of char's inherent CaO on tar catalytic cracking. The presence of CaO significantly enhanced the tar conversion process, producing more effective gas components even at low temperatures. The activation energy of various gas products decreased, indicating the good catalytic activity of CaO in char.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lukas von Berg, Gernot Pongratz, Aleksandr Pilatov, Hernan Almuina-Villar, Christoph Hochenauer, Robert Scharler, Andres Anca-Couce
Summary: This study investigated the correlations between tars and gas composition as well as reactor temperature in a steam-blown lab-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier, finding the correlation between tar and temperature to be the most accurate. All tar correlations showed useful results over a broad operating range. Therefore, a combination of different correlations considering gas components and temperature seems to be the best method of tar prediction.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
M. Suarez-Almeida, A. Gomez-Barea, A. F. Ghoniem, C. Pfeifer
Summary: A new approach utilizing concentrating solar energy and solid particles as thermal energy carrier and storage media for allothermal steam-gasification of biomass in a dual fluidized bed gasifier is presented. The study shows the significant flexibility provided by the separation and storage of char in the system. Results indicate the huge scale-up potential of this new solar gasification technology in the short to medium term.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shiliang Yang, Jin Liang, Shuai Wang, Hua Wang
Summary: The study developed a reactive multiphase particle-in-cell approach to simulate the gasification process of olive oil waste in a pilot-scale full-loop CFB gasifier. Results showed that the size and injection temperature of biomass particles significantly impact the heat transfer properties and temperature distribution of solids.
Article
Mechanics
Kenan Xi, Hao Wang, Youjun Lu
Summary: Supercritical water circulating fluidized beds (SCWCFBs) were investigated using a two-fluid model to study flow dynamics. The study focused on various factors such as flow velocities, solid circulation rates, pressures, and temperatures. The results showed similarities between SCWCFB risers and traditional gas-solid risers. The void fraction distributions ranged from 0.85 to 0.95, with lower values at the bottom and near the walls, and higher values at the top and center. The particle velocities exhibited annular-core flow structures, with upward velocities near the axis and downward velocities near the walls. The fluid paths were tortuous at low velocities but straight at high velocities. The particle drag forces were around 0.7-0.8 times the particle weights. The effects of pressures on flow dynamics were attributed to changes in density and viscosity, affecting the fluid's ability to carry particles.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xi Zeng, Limin Wang, Fang Wang, Dandan Hu, Peng Wu, Xiaoyong Lai
Summary: This study investigated the reaction characteristics of tar thermal cracking and steam reforming using a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer (MFBRA). The yields of gas components and carbon conversion were calculated and compared at different temperatures and steam partial pressures. The results showed that by raising temperature and steam partial pressure, the yields of H2/CO/CH4 and carbon conversion increased, while the trend of CO2 was initially increasing and subsequently decreasing. The reaction time in tar steam reforming was longer compared to thermal cracking, and there was a reduction in all reaction rates of gas generation and carbon conversion. Additionally, the activated energy of gas components generation and total carbon conversion decreased in tar steam reforming, and steam partial pressure had no impact on the activated energy.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Si Woo Han, Diyar Tokmurzin, Jeong Jae Lee, Sung Jin Park, Ho Won Ra, Sang Jun Yoon, Tae-Young Mun, Sung Min Yoon, Ji Hong Moon, Jae Goo Lee, Young-Min Kim, Young Woo Rhee, Myung Won Seo
Summary: This study investigates the gasification characteristics of waste plastic and the tar removal properties of activated carbon and olivine. The results show that using activated carbon and olivine can effectively reduce the tar content and improve the quality of the product gas, and steam gasification can increase the content of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaoli Zhu, Zhenbo Wang, Raffaella Ocone, Haigang Wang
Summary: This study numerically investigated the gasification of biomass with CO2 in a pilot plant circulating fluidized bed gasifier. The results showed that the CO2 percentage in the gasifying agent had insignificant influence on gas-solid distribution, but directly affected the char conversion and product gas compositions. The optimal CO2 percentage was found to be 60 wt%, resulting in the best thermochemical performance of the gasifier.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Hengjun Gai, Peiyi Yang, Qiang Zhang, Mengqi Lin, Hongbing Song, Meng Xiao, Tingting Huang, Quanhong Zhu
Summary: Circulating fluidized bed reactors are widely used in the energy industry for gas-solid reactions. They can be classified into two categories based on fluidization regimes: dilute-dense and dual-dense. The concept of dual-dense gas-solid circulating fluidization has not been well understood, hindering its commercial application. This review provides a detailed analysis of the dual-dense system, including mechanism, structural and operating parameters, particle circulation prediction, gas-solid flow simulation, and potential applications, while identifying existing controversies and unresolved issues.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Patrik Elbl, Marek Balas, Martin Lisy, Hana Lisa
Summary: The gasification process of sewage sludge and digestate was investigated in a pilot-scale fluidized bed gasifier. These by-products are commonly used as fertilizers, but their usage is restricted due to the presence of heavy metals, pathogens, and bacteria. Gasification of these by-products proved to be more efficient as the produced syngas can be used for combined heat and power generation. Analysis of the syngas and tar revealed that the gasification process can be operated at 750 degrees C without ash slagging, and steam addition improved the tar reduction.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)