Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Kenneth F. Reardon
Summary: Precise control over bioreactor operation is crucial for optimal productivity and product quality, leading to an increased drive towards automation in biomanufacturing. Sensors are essential for monitoring parameters and substrate concentrations in order to achieve this automation in a wider array of bioreactors as the bioeconomy continues to grow.
CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Gulay Sezer, Mustafa Serdar Onses, Menekse Sakir, Furkan Sahin, Ali camdal, Zafer Sezer, Ahmet Inal, Zeynep Ciftci
Summary: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a very low survival rate due to late detection and poor response to chemotherapy. This study found that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the invasion and metastasis of PDAC, and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling is involved in regulating EMT. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug indomethacin was found to inhibit TGF-beta-induced EMT in pancreatic cancer cells by up-regulating E-cadherin and down-regulating N-cadherin and Snail expressions. Raman spectroscopy was able to detect EMT-related changes and the efficacy of indomethacin without the need for specific reagents.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jeon Woong Kang, Freddy T. Nguyen, Niyom Lue
Summary: Label-free live cell imaging was performed using a custom-built high-speed confocal Raman microscopy system to monitor cell-intrinsic Raman bands and intracellular distribution of important molecules. Optical phase delay measured using quantitative phase microscopy showed similarity with the image reconstructed from the protein Raman peak, demonstrating the powerful potential of Raman imaging for studying biomedical problems in vitro.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yukun Gao, Chenmeng Zhang, Yunxia Yang, Nan Yang, Sichen Lu, Tingting You, Penggang Yin
Summary: A high sensitive micro/nano-structured glucose sensor was developed using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) detection and electrochemical analysis. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity, reproducibility, selectivity and potential in noninvasive medical diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Genya Aharon-Hananel, Leonor Romero-Afrima, Ann Saada, Carmit Mantzur, Itamar Raz, Sarah Weksler-Zangen
Summary: The pancreatic beta-cells in Cohen diabetic-sensitive (CDs) rats exhibit decreased COX activity which correlates with reduced GSIS and increased blood glucose levels, leading to hyperglycemia when COX activity drops below 46%, but can be restored by a reversion diet. Interestingly, there is a significant correlation between COX activity in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and islets, showing potential as a noninvasive biomarker for beta-cell dysfunction monitoring in diabetes.
Review
Cell Biology
Kai M. Bracey, Guoqiang Gu, Irina Kaverina
Summary: Pancreatic islet beta cells regulate glucose homeostasis through the secretion of insulin, which is facilitated by a unique microtubule network with specific features. The functionality of this network involves the interplay of molecular motors and metabolic pathways, which are still not fully understood.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna Salowka, Aida Martinez-Sanchez
Summary: This study summarizes the different molecular mechanisms that control the expression and function of miRNAs, including transcription, stability, posttranscriptional modifications, and interaction with RNA binding proteins and other non-coding RNAs. It also discusses which of these mechanisms are responsible for the nutrient-mediated regulation of beta-cell miRNA activity and identifies some of the more important knowledge gaps in the field.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yang Tao, Anjana Hevaganinge, Callie M. Weber, Anna Filatova, Amy Musser, Anthony Neri, Jessica Conway, Yiding Yuan, Maurizio Cattaneo, Alisa Morss Clyne
Summary: There is a need for a contactless multiplex sensor in the biopharmaceutical sector to detect metabolite levels in real time. The use of a SWIR HS camera allows for efficient and contactless collection of large spectral datasets for metabolite quantification.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tobias M. Backes, Daniel S. Langfermann, Andrea Lesch, Oliver G. Rossler, Matthias W. Laschke, Charles Vinson, Gerald Thiel
Summary: The study revealed that activation of the Ca(v)1.2 calcium channel connects gene transcription in pancreatic beta-cells through the kinase c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase and transcription factor AP-1.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing Li, Yujing Zhang, Yangyang Ye, Dameng Li, Yuchen Liu, Eunyoung Lee, Mingliang Zhang, Xin Dai, Xiang Zhang, Shibei Wang, Junfeng Zhang, Weiping Jia, Ke Zen, Antonio Vidal-Puig, Xiaohong Jiang, Chen-Yu Zhang
Summary: This study reveals that pancreatic beta cell-released exosomal miR-29 family members regulate hepatic insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. High levels of free fatty acids stimulate the secretion of miR-29s, which in turn impact insulin signaling in the liver.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sara McEwan, Hyokjoon Kwon, Azeddine Tahiri, Nivetha Shanmugarajah, Weikang Cai, Jin Ke, Tianwen Huang, Ariana Belton, Bhagat Singh, Le Wang, Zhiping P. Pang, Ercument Dirice, Esteban A. Engel, Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
Summary: The study reveals a sex difference in sensory innervation density in the pancreas, with male mice showing higher abundance of sensory neurons projecting in the pancreas. Sensory chemodenervation in male mice enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose clearance, with these metabolic benefits being influenced by sex hormones and potential gonadal hormone-independent mechanisms. Sex-biased nature of sensory control of islet beta-cell activity might be a result of neurodevelopmental inputs, sex hormone-dependent mechanisms, and the action of somatic molecules encoded by sex chromosome complement.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Anastasia N. Omelchenko, Konstantin A. Okotrub, Nikolay V. Surovtsev
Summary: Raman spectroscopy of cells cultured in a deuterated substrate shows promise for studying mass transfer and enzymatic reactions. In this study, we investigated the potential of this approach using yeast cells cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Our results indicate that adding heavy water leads to a decrease in lipid content in cells and additional Raman peaks are observed in cells cultured at high concentrations of heavy water. We also observed a correlation between the deuteration of ethanol synthesized by yeast fermentation and the concentration of heavy water. These findings qualitatively agree with the known estimate that aerobic metabolism is 15 times more active than ethanol fermentation. This work establishes new limitations and prospects for the application and development of Raman spectroscopy with deuterium tags.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alireza Ahmadianyazdi, Ngoc Hoang Lan Nguyen, Jie Xu, Vikas Berry
Summary: The sensitivity of graphene's Raman characteristics can be utilized for sensing applications. By recording the Raman spectroscopy of graphene in contact with a chemical/biological analyte, the correlation between analyte properties and graphene's electronic properties can be revealed. We demonstrate the principle and operation of glucose measurement using graphene's Raman spectroscopy, including both affinity and enzymatic detection methods.
Article
Cell Biology
Margret A. Fye, Irina Kaverina
Summary: Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis and prevent diseases like diabetes. Insulin secretion is efficiently achieved by clustering secretion events at the cell membrane, forming insulin secretion hot spots. Proteins associated with the cytoskeleton have been found to localize and function at these hot spots. Microtubules and F-actin are involved in regulating these hot spot proteins and their role in secretion, and mechanical regulation may also play a role.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yeran Bai, Zhongyue Guo, Fatima C. Pereira, Michael Wagner, Ji-Xin Cheng
Summary: A mid-infrared photothermal-fluorescence in situ hybridization (MIP-FISH) platform is developed for simultaneous identification and metabolic analysis of microbes with single-cell resolution and high throughput. By improving MIP imaging, isotopically labeled compounds incorporated into proteins of individual bacterial cells can be sensitively detected, while FISH labeling with rRNA-targeted probes enables the identification of the analyzed cells. In proof-of-concept experiments, MIP-FISH successfully discriminates and identifies labeled bacterial cells within a complex human gut microbiome sample based on the clear spectral red shift in the protein amide I region caused by incorporation of 13C atoms from 13C-labeled glucose. This study opens up new opportunities for single-cell structure-function analyses in microbiology.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)