Journal
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 116, Issue 11, Pages 2427-2434Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25223
Keywords
SHEAR STRESS; ENDOTHELIAL CELLS; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS; TRAIL; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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Shear stress is determined by three physical components described in a famous triad: blood flow, blood viscosity and vessel geometry. Through the direct action on endothelium, shear stress is able to radically interfere with endothelial properties and the physiology of the vascular wall. Endothelial cells (ECs) have also to sustain biochemical stresses represented by chemokines, growth factors, cytokines, complement, hormones, nitric oxide (NO), oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and chemical substances, like NO, act and regulate endothelium functions and homeostasis. Among these cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL) has been assigned a regulatory role in ECs physiology and physiopathology. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the endothelial response pathways after different types of biomechanical and biochemical stress in in vitro models and to analyze the crucial role of TRAIL under pathological conditions of the cardiocirculatory system like atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2427-2434, 2015. (c) 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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