Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Zhengxiao Wei, Aijun Yang, Leno Rocha, Michelle F. Miranda, Farouk S. Nathoo
Summary: This article discusses the importance of hypothesis testing in the sciences and compares different theories based on observed or experimental data. It reviews the issues associated with the p-value approach and null hypothesis significance testing, introduces the Bayesian alternative based on the Bayes factor, and discusses computational methods and sensitivity related to prior distributions. The article demonstrates practical implementation of Bayesian testing in various examples and highlights potential caveats and problems associated with it.
Article
Zoology
Federica Amici, Katja Liebal
Summary: This study observed gestural communication in large primates and tested different hypotheses for the emergence of gestures. The results showed that individual gestural repertoires have little variation and are not influenced by age and social centrality. Gestural repertoire similarity is higher within the same group but also increases with more observational effort and lower age difference between group members. The study supports the Phylogenetic Ritualization hypothesis, suggesting that individuals are innate with complete gestural repertoires from birth.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Lakens
Summary: Due to the strong reliance on p values in scientific literature, some researchers argue for moving beyond p values and embracing practical alternatives. It is suggested that statisticians should teach researchers what questions they can ask rather than telling them what they want to know, and including minimum-effect tests and equivalence tests in statistical toolbox may greatly improve the questions researchers ask. Developing better evidence-based education and user-centered statistical software to prevent misinterpretation of p values is seen as a top priority.
PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Gabriel W. Hassler, Brigida Gallone, Leandro Aristide, William L. Allen, Max R. Tolkoff, Andrew J. Holbrook, Guy Baele, Philippe Lemey, Marc A. Suchard
Summary: This study introduces a phylogenetic factor analysis method for handling high-dimensional data and addressing complex modeling issues. By developing new inference techniques and providing an analysis plan, the computational efficiency and modeling flexibility of the method are improved. The utility of these methods is demonstrated in various real-world problems.
METHODS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Irene Gullo, Ana Marques, Regina Pinto, Luis Cirnes, Fernando Schmitt
Summary: Accurate determination of molecular aberrations within tumors is crucial for diagnosis and prognosis, with pathologists playing a critical role in ensuring accurate analysis. Training and practice can improve the reliability of morphological control and interpretation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ronald Yurko, Kathryn Roeder, Bernie Devlin, Max G'Sell
Summary: A new algorithm is introduced to address the correlation issue in gene test statistics, enhancing the ability to detect signals in patients. Adaptive -value thresholding and high-dimensional metadata modeling with gradient boosted trees are used to improve analysis power, especially in studies for autism spectrum disorder. The workflow is based on summary statistics.
BRIEFINGS IN BIOINFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Jiachun Pan, Yonglong Li, Vincent Y. F. Tan
Summary: In this paper, a novel M-ary sequential hypothesis testing problem is formulated as a sequential adversarial hypothesis testing game, played between a decision maker and an adversary. The decision maker aims to minimize the expectation of the stopping time, while the adversary aims to maximize it. Strategies are derived to attain the asymptotic Nash equilibrium of the game. Numerical results validate the theoretical findings.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Hong Qian, Shenhua Qian, Brody Sandel
Summary: The introduction of alien species in China's angiosperm assemblages can be influenced by the phylogenetic structure of the native species, while also altering that structure. The richness and phylogenetic structure of alien species show spatial patterns similar to native species, and are correlated with climatic factors. At broader phylogenetic scales, alien species tend to recapitulate the biogeographic patterns of natives, while at narrower scales, this pattern is less clear.
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Stephen J. Ruberg
Summary: Null hypothesis significance testing has been a key component of scientific reporting with P-value < 0.05, but Bayesian statistical inference is gaining traction as an alternative approach. The frequentist and Bayesian schools of inference have differences of opinion, and controversies over the use of P-values continue to be heightened in the scientific community.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Martin Schmoll, Ronan Le Guillou, David Lobato Borges, Charles Fattal, Emerson Fachin-Martins, Christine Azevedo Coste
Summary: The study focused on investigating the fatigue development of paralyzed quadriceps muscles using different electrode configurations. The results showed no significant difference in fatigue index compared to conventional stimulation, suggesting the positive effects of distributed stimulation may decrease at higher stimulation amplitudes. It is recommended to perform fatigue testing at higher forces in pre-trained subjects with SCI to better reflect the practical demands of FES applications.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENGINEERING AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Economics
Soon Heng Leong, Giovanni Urga
Summary: We propose an asymptotic N(0,1) inferential strategy to test for volatility spillover between markets consisting of multiple sectors. We use a nonparametric kernel method to derive flexible test statistics that can check a growing number of lags as the sample size increases. Additionally, we suggest a practical multivariate volatility modeling approach to simplify higher dimensional spillover testing. Simulations and empirical application demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of the proposed econometric strategy.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC DYNAMICS & CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Zhi Peng Ong, Aixiang Andy Chen, Tianming Zhu, Jin-Ting Zhang
Summary: A novel k-sample test for equal distributions for high-dimensional data is proposed in this paper, utilizing Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD). The test statistic is constructed using a V-statistic-based estimator of the squared MMD derived for several samples. The asymptotic null and alternative distributions of the test statistic are derived. Two simulation studies and a real data example are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed test.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Leonardo Ulivi, Mirco Cosottini, Gianmichele Migaleddu, Giovanni Orlandi, Nicola Giannini, Gabriele Siciliano, Michelangelo Mancuso
Summary: Monogenic cerebral small vessel diseases are attracting increasing attention due to recent advances in genetic research and new sequencing techniques. Brain imaging plays a crucial role in the detection of these diseases and understanding their underlying pathological mechanisms.
CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Jacob K. Moutouama, Orou G. Gaoue
Summary: Theory in ethnobiology suggests that the selection of medicinal plants by local people in a given region is not random and may be influenced by evolutionary relatedness, therapeutic efficacy, availability, versatility, and local knowledge. This study conducted in Benin, West Africa, confirmed non-random medicinal plant selection driven by plant medicinal versatility, with no significant influence from plant availability or secondary compounds. Local people's knowledge on medicinal plants was significantly affected by individuals' literacy. Weak phylogenetic signal was found in medicinal plant uses.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Jeremiah Zhe Liu, Wenying Deng, Jane Lee, Pi-I Debby Lin, Linda Valeri, David C. Christiani, David C. Bellinger, Robert O. Wright, Maitreyi M. Mazumdar, Brent A. Coull
Summary: Gene-environment and nutrition-environment studies often involve testing high-dimensional interactions between variables with complex nonlinear effects. The proposed CVEK method learns appropriate functions for main effects and guards against over-fitting, suggesting potential for nutritional interventions to mitigate adverse impacts of in utero metal exposures on children's neurodevelopment.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)