Article
Reproductive Biology
Stephanie Mohammed, Venkatesan Sundaram, Chalapathi R. Adidam Venkata, Nikolay Zyuzikov
Summary: The study found that 150 kHz electromagnetic radiation did not affect the histoarchitecture of neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus in PCO-induced rats, increased the number of basophilic cells in the pituitary gland, and enhanced the immunoreactivity of LH and FSH. Additionally, the radiation reduced the development of follicular cysts in the ovary and may have increased the immunoreactivity of LH and FSH receptors on ovarian theca and granulosa cells.
JOURNAL OF OVARIAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Charles S. da Costa, Thiago F. Oliveira, Leandro C. Freitas-Lima, Alessandra S. Padilha, Maiara Krause, Maria Tereza W. D. Carneiro, Breno S. Salgado, Jones B. Graceli
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of cadmium exposure on the HPG axis and various abnormalities in female rats, finding that cadmium exposure led to metabolic and reproductive dysfunctions, indicating that cadmium disrupts HPG axis function, leading to features of PCOS and POF.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Noemi Salmeri, Paola Vigano, Paolo Cavoretto, Roberto Marci, Massimo Candiani
Summary: Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are two common female reproductive disorders with opposite alterations in reproductive processes and phenotypic traits. Recent discovery of kisspeptin as a pivotal mediator in human reproduction and its involvement in metabolism, inflammation, and pain sensitivity provides new insights into understanding these conditions. This review discusses the clinical relevance and potential translational applications of these discoveries in developing novel therapies for endometriosis and PCOS.
REVIEWS IN ENDOCRINE & METABOLIC DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ali Abbara, Maria Phylactou, Pei Chia Eng, Sophie A. Clarke, Toan D. Pham, Tuong M. Ho, Kah Yan Ng, Edouard G. Mills, Kate Purugganan, Tia Hunjan, Rehan Salim, Alexander N. Comninos, Lan N. Vuong, Waljit S. Dhillo
Summary: This study compared the endocrine response to triptorelin in women with different reproductive conditions. It found that women with PCOS had a lesser increase in FSH levels compared to healthy women and HA women after triptorelin administration. Additionally, women with polycystic ovaries had lower FSH levels after triptorelin, both with and without ovarian stimulation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Xue-Ling Xu, Shou-Long Deng, Zheng-Xing Lian, Kun Yu
Summary: Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent. PCOS is associated with abnormal function of estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs), affecting cellular activities. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen and clomiphene have shown clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, but further understanding of the role of ER in PCOS is needed.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Vikash Prashar, Tania Arora, Randeep Singh, Arti Sharma, Jyoti Parkash
Summary: Highly complex interactions between different cells and hormonal signals are crucial for the reproductive competence of organisms. Kisspeptin neurons play a significant role in transmitting signals necessary for the onset of puberty and attainment of reproductive function, while also communicating with other neurons and nuclei. Dysfunction of kisspeptin and neurokinin B can lead to neuroendocrine disorders such as HH and infertility. Ca2+ signaling is essential for the generation of GnRH pulses, which are propagated through connexions between astrocytes and neurons. Impaired functioning of KNDy neurons may contribute to the development of PCOS.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jia Cui, Fengyang Wu, Xinyu Yang, Shudong Liu, Shuaijuan Han, Baojiang Chen
Summary: Exposure to excess ammonia damaged the morphology and structure of hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary in rabbits, resulting in hormone secretion disorder and apoptosis.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Jeanini Zimerman, Oscar M. S. Nino, Charles S. da Costa, Jordana F. Zanol, Milena Comerio, Leticia N. da Gama de Souza, Leandro Miranda-Alves, Rosiane A. Miranda, Patricia C. Lisboa, Tays A. Camilo, Rodrigo Rorato, Guilherme Andrade Alves, Renata Frazao, Helena D. Zomer, Leandro C. Freitas-Lima, Jones B. Graceli
Summary: This study found that a diet containing refined carbohydrates can lead to obesity and reproductive abnormalities in female rats. The hypothalamic-pituitary function is affected by the diet, specifically the pathways linked to reproductive axis modulation. These data suggest that a diet containing refined carbohydrates can impact the reproductive control in female rats.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chang Shan, Jiang Yue, Wei Liu
Summary: Bones are now seen as an important endocrine organ, with osteocalcin playing a crucial role in influencing insulin secretion, glucose and lipid metabolism, testosterone biosynthesis, and male fertility. However, the detailed functional mechanisms of osteocalcin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis or the pancreas-bone-gonadal axis are not fully understood.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hwan-Deuk Kim, Young-Jong Kim, Min Jang, Seul-Gi Bae, Sung-Ho Yun, Mi-Ree Lee, Yong-Ryul Seo, Jae-Keun Cho, Seung-Joon Kim, Won-Jae Lee
Summary: This study investigated the effect of heat stress on reproductive performance in domestic sows and found that heat stress in summer reduced the expression of hypothalamic kisspeptin, resulting in decreased levels of reproductive hormones and fewer large ovarian follicles, leading to summer infertility in sows.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Jing Liu, Ting Qu, Zhiyi Li, Linlin Yu, Sujuan Zhang, Dongzhi Yuan, Haiyan Wu
Summary: The meta-analysis revealed that serum kisspeptin levels were significantly higher in PCOS patients compared to non-PCOS patients, indicating a strong association between serum kisspeptin levels and PCOS.
JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rongrong Li, Chiyuan Ma, Yue Xiong, Huashan Zhao, Yali Yang, Li Xue, Baobei Wang, Tianxia Xiao, Jie Chen, Xiaohua Lei, Baohua Ma, Jian Zhang
Summary: The study found that Gpr1 signaling affects the release of reproductive hormones and expression of ovarian genes, revealing a link between depression and reproductive diseases. The antagonistic peptide of Gpr1 may serve as a potential therapeutic application for hormone-modulated depression in women.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xueying Geng, Zhihong He, Zhouzhou Bao, Wen Di, Zhuowei Gu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in glucolipid metabolism, HPO axis-related parameters, and autoimmune antibodies in PCOS patients with and without DOR. The results showed that PCOS patients with DOR had chaotic HPO axis hormone levels and elevated autoimmune antibodies, suggesting that autoimmune factors may be the cause of DOR in women with PCOS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaolin Chen, Zhuoni Xiao, Yuli Cai, Lili Huang, Chen Chen
Summary: Ovulatory disorders are common in obese women, and they are influenced by leptin and hypothalamic inflammation. This review focuses on the disturbance of hypothalamic mechanisms during obesity and suggests future research and therapeutic strategies.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Olivia E. Smith, Vickie Roussel, Fanny Morin, Luisina Ongaro, Xiang Zhou, Micka C. Bertucci, Daniel J. Bernard, Bruce D. Murphy
Summary: This study demonstrates the essential role of SF-1 in female reproductive function. Depletion of SF-1 leads to infertility in female mice due to the absence of ovulation. Abnormal signaling and lipid accumulation may contribute to these outcomes.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Weizhuo Lu, Zhiwu Chen, Jiyue Wen
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a common and serious disease, and neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in its progression. Microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrating immune cells are involved in the complicated neuroinflammation cascade, releasing different molecules that affect inflammation. Flavonoids, plant-specific compounds, have shown protective effects against cerebral ischemia injury by modulating the inflammatory responses.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2024)