Article
Immunology
Eveline Hofmann, Bernard Surial, Noemie Boillat-Blanco, Huldrych F. Guenthard, Marcel Stoeckle, Enos Bernasconi, Patrick Schmid, Alexandra Calmy, Franziska Suter-Riniker, Andri Rauch, Gilles Wandeler, Charles Beguelin
Summary: In the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, researchers found that 27% of HIV-suppressed individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection had HBV replication after two years on tenofovir. However, 77% of them were able to achieve suppression thereafter. Self-reported adherence to therapy and HBV viral load at tenofovir initiation were identified as predictors of persistent replication.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Virology
Hao Liao, He Zhang, Jinman Shao, Xiaoyong Li, Wei V. Zheng, Le Li, Guangxin Yu, Lanlan Si, Tao Zhou, Zengtao Yao, Jiuzeng Dai, Dongping Xu, Guanxun Cheng, Jiuxin Qu, Yan Liu, Junhui Chen, Fengmin Lu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes of serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA levels and the quasispecies of HBV RNA virus-like particles in nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs)-experienced chronic hepatitis B patients with NAs-resistant mutations and their effects on NAs resistance. The results showed that serum HBV RNA can reflect virological breakthrough and rebound earlier than HBV DNA in some patients. However, there are limitations in the detection of serum HBV RNA levels and drug-resistant mutations compared to serum HBV DNA.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zhanqing Zhang, Wei Lu, Dong Zeng, Dan Huang, Weijia Lin, Li Yan, Yanling Feng
Summary: Quantitative HBsAg is more valuable than HBV DNA in predicting significant hepatitis activity of HBeAg-positive chronic HBV infection, with higher sensitivity and specificity levels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Percy A. Knolle, Li-Rung Huang, Anna Kosinska, Dirk Wohlleber, Ulrike Protzer
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B affects over 250 million individuals worldwide, with prophylactic vaccination only establishing protective immunity but not eliminating HBV infections in patients. Current research focuses on therapeutic vaccination strategies and additional immune stimulation measures to improve efficacy in treating chronic hepatitis B.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keiji Ueda, Yadarat Suwanmanee
Summary: The precise mechanism of HBV entry into cells is still largely unknown. However, researchers have identified ATP5B as an essential factor for HBV entry, which is believed to bind with myristoylated preS1 2-47. Knockdown of ATP5B in NTCP-expressing HepG2 cells reduced HBV infectivity, indicating that ATP5B is involved in the HBV entry process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuan Zhang, Xiaorong Chen, Yajuan Cao, Zongguo Yang
Summary: APOBEC3 (A3) cytidine deaminases play important roles in inhibiting HBV infection, but their deaminated deoxycytidine activity can also cause cellular genetic mutations, affecting genomic stability and cancer development.
Article
Immunology
Hong Zhang, Fengjiao Wang, Xiaoxue Zhu, Yunfu Chen, Hong Chen, Xiaojiao Li, Min Wu, Cuiyun Li, Jingrui Liu, Yingjun Zhang, Yanhua Ding, Junqi Niu
Summary: The study demonstrates that GLS4 has antiviral activity in treating patients with chronic HBV infection, and the 120 mg GLS4 treatment regimen shows good tolerability.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chunkyu Ko, Jinpeng Su, Julia Festag, Romina Bester, Anna D. Kosinska, Ulrike Protzer
Summary: The study demonstrated the formation of authentic cccDNA in mouse livers after delivery of HBV genomes by rAAV, independent of HBV replication. Intramolecular recombination of the overlength HBV genome was found to be the origin of cccDNA formation in mouse models, with a constant loss of cccDNA molecules over time.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Caorui Lin, Ying Huang, Linjie Luo, Fengling Fang, Jiawei Zhang, Zhen Xun, Ya Fu, Hongyan Shang, Can Liu, Qishui Ou
Summary: This study verified the diagnostic value of serum Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as a potential marker for differential HBV infection progress by detecting the level of ATP in the serum from a wide spectrum of HBV-infected populations, and confirmed the role of ATP in the deterioration of HBV infection-related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Sirinart Sirilert, Pattara Khamrin, Kattareeya Kumthip, Rungnapa Malasao, Niwat Maneekarn, Theera Tongsong
Summary: This study aimed to explore the role of HBV genotypes in the presence of HBV in the placenta and fetus. The results showed that subgenotype C1 was the most common in Northern Thai pregnant women, followed by subgenotype B9. HBV genotype B had a higher trend in intrauterine detection compared to genotype C. Furthermore, the placenta could possibly be a site of HBV accumulation, and mutation is unlikely to occur during intrauterine exposure.
Review
Oncology
Valentina Svicher, Romina Salpini, Stefano D'Anna, Lorenzo Piermatteo, Marco Iannetta, Vincenzo Malagnino, Loredana Sarmati
Summary: HBV is a highly prevalent hepatitis virus worldwide, and it has been clearly reported to be associated with chronic infection and liver cancer. This article reviews the most recent evidence from epidemiological and in vitro studies on the correlation between HBV infection and the development of lymphatic or hematologic malignancies. In terms of hematological malignancies, the strongest epidemiological correlations are observed with the emergence of lymphomas, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, while the associations with NHL T subtypes and leukemia remain questionable. HBV DNA has been found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, suggesting its potential role in carcinogenesis. In vitro studies have also shown that HBV can infect lymphomonocytes and bone marrow stem cells, potentially acting as reservoirs for viral replication. Further research is needed to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and implications of the association between chronic HBV infection and hematological malignancies, which could have important implications for antiviral drugs and vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Homie A. Razavi, Maria Buti, Norah A. Terrault, Stefan Zeuzem, Cihan Yurdaydin, Junko Tanaka, Alessio Aghemo, Ulus S. Akarca, Nasser M. Al Masri, Abduljaleel M. Alalwan, Soo Aleman, Abdullah S. Alghamdi, Saad Alghamdi, Waleed K. Al-Hamoudi, Abdulrahman A. Aljumah, Ibrahim H. Altraif, Tarik Asselah, Ziv Ben-Ari, Thomas Berg, Mia J. Biondi, Sarah Blach, Wornei S. M. Braga, Carlos E. Brandao-Mello, Maurizia R. Brunetto, Joaquin Cabezas, Hugo Cheinquer, Pei-Jer Chen, Myeong-Eun Cheon, Wan-Long Chuang, Carla S. Coffin, Nicola Coppola, Antonio Craxi, Javier Crespo, Victor De Ledinghen, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Ohad Etzion, Maria Lucia G. Ferraz, Paulo R. A. Ferreira, Xavier Forns, Graham R. Foster, Giovanni B. Gaeta, Ivane Gamkrelidze, Javier Garcia-Samaniego, Liliana S. Gheorghe, Pierre M. Gholam, Robert G. Gish, Jeffrey Glenn, Julian Hercun, Yao-Chun Hsu, Ching-Chih Hu, Jee-Fu Huang, Naveed Janjua, Jidong Jia, Martin Kaberg, Kelly D. E. Kaita, Habiba Kamal, Jia-Horng Kao, Loreta A. Kondili, Martin Lagging, Pablo Lazaro, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Young-Suk Lim, Paul J. Marotta, Maria-Cristina Navas, Marcelo C. M. Naveira, Mauricio Orrego, Carla Osiowy, Calvin Q. Pan, Mario G. Pessoa, Giovanni Raimondo, Alnoor Ramji, Devin M. Razavi-Shearer, Kathryn Razavi-Shearer, Cielo Y. Rios-Hincapie, Manuel Rodriguez, William M. C. Rosenberg, Dominique M. Roulot, Stephen D. Ryder, Rifaat Safadi, Faisal M. Sanai, Teresa A. Santantonio, Christoph Sarrazin, Daniel Shouval, Frank Tacke, Tammo L. Tergast, Juan Miguel Villalobos-Salcedo, Alexis S. Voeller, Hwai-I Yang, Ming-Lung Yu, Eli Zuckerman
Summary: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection with hepatitis B increases the risk of liver cancer, cirrhosis, and death compared to hepatitis B monoinfection. Accurate estimates of HDV prevalence are needed to effectively identify coinfected individuals. Implementing double reflex testing, including anti-HDV testing and HDV RNA testing, is the most effective method to generate estimates and identify undiagnosed individuals. This strategy is feasible and requires a relatively low number of tests.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yu Xiang, Yang Yang, Pu Chen, Xiaofei Lai, Shan Shi, Shuang Li, Wenxian You
Summary: This study examined levels of hepatitis B virus pgRNA in HBsAg and HBsAb copositive patients and found a positive correlation with HBV DNA, HBsAg, ALT, and AST levels. The study also demonstrated significant differences in HBV RNA, HBV DNA, HBsAg, ALT, and AST levels in different natural phases of HBV infection, and suggested that HBV RNA could be used as a virological indicator for antiviral therapy in HBsAg and HBsAb copositive hepatitis B patients.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Thomas Vanwolleghem, Tom Adomati, Stijn Van Hees, Harry L. A. Janssen
Summary: Insights into the immunopathogenesis of chronic HBV infections are crucial for the development of novel treatment approaches aimed at achieving a functional cure. Although there is a considerable understanding of ineffective HBV-specific T-cell responses in persistent HBV replication, the role of B cells has not been extensively studied. However, the occurrence of HBV flares following B cell-depleting treatments has inadvertently revealed the importance of humoral immunity during the natural history of HBV infections and after functional cure. Recent advancements in fluorescently labelled HBV proteins have provided unprecedented insights into the phenotype and function of HBsAg- and HBcAg-specific B cells. This should lead to further research into the mechanisms behind dysfunctional HBsAg-specific and fluctuating, possibly pathogenic, HBcAg-specific B-cell responses in chronic HBV. Furthermore, while novel immunomodulatory treatments that target B cells are currently being developed, a detailed assessment of their impact on HBV-specific B-cell responses is lacking. We advocate for a revitalization of B-cell studies related to both the natural history of HBV and treatment development programs.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anna Imbriano, Angelo Tricase, Eleonora Macchia, Luisa Torsi, Paolo Bollella
Summary: This study demonstrates a novel sensing strategy based on double sensing/actuating pathway for the sensitive and selective detection of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA). An enzymatic machinery logically operated using physiologically relevant biomarkers is used to trigger the DNA-based AND gate. The proposed biosensor can discriminate between the absence and presence of HBV-DNA with a threshold of 0.05 fM in model buffer solutions and 1 fM in human serum.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Weizhuo Lu, Zhiwu Chen, Jiyue Wen
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a common and serious disease, and neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in its progression. Microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrating immune cells are involved in the complicated neuroinflammation cascade, releasing different molecules that affect inflammation. Flavonoids, plant-specific compounds, have shown protective effects against cerebral ischemia injury by modulating the inflammatory responses.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2024)
