Journal
BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
Volume 3, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/3/3/034121
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Nano-sized calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) powders with an average particle size less than 100 nm were prepared by a co-precipitation method at low temperature. The initial Ca/P molar ratio was chosen to be less than the stoichiometric ratio of beta-TCP (1.5). Additionally, lowering the temperature and pH values accelerated HPO42- incorporation in the CDHA structure. HPO42- is considered as an essential source for beta-TCP formation. Sulfate ion doping during the maturation period is proved to be an effective step to eliminate the pyrophosphate P2O72- phase that results during the calcination of CDHA with Ca/P < 1.5. Furthermore, the heating effect of microwave irradiation resulted in an increase in Ca ion concentration and lowered the CDHA deficiency which affected beta-TCP purity despite its ability to reduce the particle size. A purity of 99.32% beta-TCP with respect to the P2O72- phase was achieved by increasing the sulfate ion concentration from 2% to 3% and the calcination temperatures from 900 degrees C to 1100 degrees C.
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