Article
Neurosciences
Huixi Dou, Huan Wang, Sainan Liu, Jun Huang, Zuxiang Liu, Tiangang Zhou, Yan Yang
Summary: This study reveals that monkeys exhibit a bias towards tracking the motion direction of a target with a hole, and this target is assigned a higher weight for vector computation compared to other form properties.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Grace F. DiRisio, Yongsoo Ra, Yinghui Qiu, Akiyuki Anzai, Gregory C. DeAngelis
Summary: Smooth eye movements are essential for natural visual processes, and they can be guided by both visual cues and extraretinal signals. This study focuses on how the brain processes and integrates these signals during smooth pursuit eye movements. The researchers investigate the responses of neurons in the MSTd area of rhesus monkeys and find that most neurons have preferences for the direction of eye rotation based on both visual and extraretinal signals. This suggests that area MSTd plays a crucial role in integrating these signals and representing the velocity of smooth eye movements.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Terence L. Tyson, Erin E. Flynn-Evans, Leland S. Stone
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of acute and chronic sleep loss, low-dose alcohol, and caffeine on saccade-pursuit coordination. The results show that low-dose alcohol and acute sleep loss have different effects on compensating for tracking deficits, while chronic sleep loss and caffeine-mitigated acute sleep loss show smaller pursuit deficits but remain altered in saccadic behavior.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Stefan Dowiasch, Marius Blanke, Jonas Knoell, Frank Bremmer
Summary: Previous studies have shown that eye movements can cause errors in the localization of flashed stimuli. This study examined flash localization during open-loop pursuit and found that the perceived flash locations were shifted in the direction of the eye movement. The error pattern was similar to that observed during smooth pursuit eye movements and the slow phase of optokinetic nystagmus.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Milena Raffi, Aurelio Trofe, Andrea Meoni, Luca Gallelli, Alessandro Piras
Summary: Microsaccadic activity is modulated by the speed of optic flow stimuli and the stimulated retinal regions, particularly the peripheral retina.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Stuart Behling, Stephen G. Lisberger
Summary: Visual motion drives smooth pursuit eye movements through a sensory-motor decoder. Reduced dot coherence decreases the amplitude of MT population response during pursuit initiation without changing the preferred speed. The decoder that works for pursuit initiation fails to explain the paradox of steady-state eye speeds not accelerating to the target speed under low dot coherence.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sunwoo Kwon, Berkeley K. Fahrenthold, Matthew R. Cavanaugh, Krystel R. Huxlin, Jude F. Mitchell, Miriam Spering
Summary: This study found that damage to the primary visual cortex (V1) can result in loss of conscious perception but does not necessarily affect unconscious abilities. Patients with V1 damage were still able to perform accurate saccades and automatically track target motion in their intact fields, but not in their blind fields.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Pablo Navalon, Elena Serrano, Belen Almansa, Manuel Perea, Pilar Benavent, Alberto Dominguez, Pilar Sierra, Yolanda Canada, Ana Garcia-Blanco
Summary: The study found that patients with schizophrenia showed increased attention to threatening scenes, decreased attention to happy scenes, and delayed avoidance of sad scenes. These findings suggest that threat-related bias and insensitivity to positive information may be underlying psychological mechanisms in schizophrenia.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Masakazu Hirota, Takao Hayashi, Emiko Watanabe, Yuji Inoue, Atsushi Mizota
Summary: The combination of VOG and SSD allows for accurate recording of hand-held target movements and SPEMs and quantitative assessment in eye tracking tests.
TRANSLATIONAL VISION SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiuyun Wu, Miriam Spering
Summary: Human smooth pursuit eye movements and motion perception show similar behavior when tracking and judging the motion of simple objects. However, moving objects in our natural environment are complex and contain internal motion. This study investigates how pursuit and perception integrate the motion of objects with internal motion.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xavier Cano-Ferrer, Alexandra Tran -Van -Minh, Ede Rancz
Summary: This study developed a novel rotation platform for studying neural processes and spatial navigation. The platform is modular, affordable, and easy to build, and can be driven by the experimenter or animal movement. The research demonstrated the utility of the platform, which combines the benefits of head fixation and intact vestibular activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Camille Metais, Judith Nicolas, Moussa Diarra, Alexis Cheviet, Eric Koun, Denis Pelisson
Summary: Previous studies have shown that the neural substrate for adaptation of saccadic eye movements involves the cerebellum and several cortical areas. This study aimed to understand the differences between forward and backward adaptation of saccades and their error processing and oculomotor changes. The results showed activation in specific cortical and subcortical areas related to adaptation and error signal processing, and revealed the involvement of the occipital cortex and MT/MST in the direction of adaptation. Overall, this study provides further evidence of the role of the cerebral cortex in saccadic adaptation and contributes to our understanding of oculomotor plasticity and its relationship with spatial cognition.
Article
Psychiatry
Pablo Navalon, Rosa Sahuquillo-Leal, Alba Moreno-Gimenez, Ladislaon Salmeron, Pilar Benavent, Pilar Sierra, Yolanda Canada, Antonio Canada-Martinez, Michael Berk, Ana Garcia-Blanco
Summary: This study examined the cognitive processing of emotional faces in schizophrenia patients and found that patients with positive symptoms showed a lack of attentional engagement and impaired inhibitory control to threatening information, while patients with negative symptoms had an emotional advantage for faces but overall lack of attentional engagement. These findings have important implications for understanding the psychological mechanisms of schizophrenia and improving treatment strategies.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Melissa Hunfalvay, Nicholas P. Murray, Revathy Mani, Frederick Robert Carrick
Summary: This study found significant deficits in fixation, saccades, and SPEM in the TBI group compared to the non-TBI group, as assessed by eye tracking tests. Eye tracking technology can effectively differentiate individuals with and without TBI based on oculomotor functions.
Article
Neurosciences
David Souto, Jennifer Sudkamp, Kyle Nacilla, Mateusz Bocian
Summary: Research has found a strong correlation between pursuit eye movements and velocity oscillations of the hip during cyclical movements. This suggests that there is additional information beyond the target point that contributes to the prediction of hip kinematics.
HUMAN MOVEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ling-Yu Huang, Brooke S. Jackson, Amanda L. Rodrigue, Carol A. Tamminga, Elliot S. Gershon, Godfrey D. Pearlson, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Sarah S. Keedy, S. Kristian Hill, John A. Sweeney, Brett A. Clementz, Jennifer E. McDowell
Summary: Antisaccade tasks can be used to assess cognitive control processes in individuals with psychotic disorders, showing differences in cognitive deficits across schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis. Higher error rates and longer latencies on correctly performed antisaccade trials in psychosis cases indicate deficits specific to higher-order cognitive aspects of saccade generation.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Lauren M. Schmitt, John A. Sweeney, Craig A. Erickson, Rebecca Shaffer
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the probabilistic reversal learning task (PRL) as an outcome measure for cognitive flexibility in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention trials. The results demonstrated that PRL is highly feasible, shows test-retest reproducibility, and is sensitive to detect change following interventions, suggesting it may be a useful measure for future ASD intervention trials focusing on cognitive flexibility.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Rebecca J. Lepping, Walker S. McKinney, Grant C. Magnon, Sarah K. Keedy, Zheng Wang, Stephen A. Coombes, David E. Vaillancourt, John A. Sweeney, Matthew W. Mosconi
Summary: Research indicates that individuals with autism spectrum disorder exhibit increased force variability and reduced entropy during visuomotor behavior, along with greater brain activation and decreased functional connectivity. Additionally, delayed maturation is observed in the functional connectivity between cerebellar-cortical sensorimotor and nonsensorimotor networks.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lu Lu, Hailong Li, William T. Baumel, Jeffrey A. Mills, Kim M. Cecil, Heidi K. Schroeder, Sarah A. Mossman, Xiaoqi Huang, Qiyong Gong, John A. Sweeney, Jeffrey R. Strawn
Summary: The study found that escitalopram can improve emotional processing speed in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder, with a positive impact on the connectivity of the amygdala to bilateral ventromedial prefrontal cortex and right angular gyrus. Baseline amygdala-vmPFC connectivity and escitalopram-induced increased amygdala-angular gyrus connectivity at week 2 can predict the magnitude of subsequent improvement in anxiety symptoms.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christoph Helmchen, Bjoern Machner, Andreas Sprenger, David S. Zee
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christoph Helmchen, Bjoern Machner, Janina von der Gablentz, Andreas Sprenger, David S. Zee
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alcohol on patients with nonalcoholic Wernicke encephalopathy (nWE) and observed a significant improvement in DBN with alcohol consumption. The findings may be attributed to the differential effects of alcohol on the cerebellar regions, providing new insights into the treatment and pathophysiology of DBN.
NEUROLOGY-CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Christoph Helmchen, Philipp J. Koch, Gabriel Girard, Norbert Bruggemann, Bjorn Machner, Andreas Sprenger
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Du Lei, Wenbin Li, Maxwell J. Tallman, Stephen M. Strakowski, Melissa P. DelBello, L. Rodrigo Patino, David E. Fleck, Su Lui, Qiyong Gong, John A. Sweeney, Jeffrey R. Strawn, Fabiano G. Nery, Jeffrey A. Welge, Emily Rummelhoff, Caleb M. Adler
Summary: Disruption of brain functional network organization is found in bipolar disorder, and the abnormalities in structural connectome are clinically significant and can predict treatment outcomes and track drug effects.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Du Lei, Xueling Suo, Kun Qin, Walter H. L. Pinaya, Yuan Ai, Wenbin Li, Weihong Kuang, Su Lui, Graham J. Kemp, John A. Sweeney, Qiyong Gong
Summary: This study aimed to explore the changes in brain magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and their correlation with symptom severity. The results showed that individuals with FES had higher MTR values in certain brain regions, such as the left thalamus, precuneus, cuneus, and paracentral lobule, which were positively correlated with the severity of schizophrenia symptoms. A whole-brain MTR map was able to distinguish FES patients from healthy controls with a 75.5% accuracy using a support vector machine approach.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ernest Pedapati, Lauren M. Schmitt, Lauren E. Ethridge, Rui Liu, Elizabeth Smith, John A. Sweeney, Rebecca C. Shaffer, Kelli C. Dominick, Donald L. Gilbert, Steve W. Wu, Paul S. Horn, Devin Binder, Martine Lamy, Megan Axford, Makoto Miyakoshi, Craig A. Erickson
Summary: This study analyzes electroencephalography data from 70 patients with Fragile X syndrome and discovers unique changes in neural activity, highlighting the role of disrupted thalamocortical modulation in local hyperexcitability.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johanna Seitz-Holland, Joanne D. Wojcik, Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak, Amanda E. Lyall, Ofer Pasternak, Yogesh Rathi, Mark Vangel, Godfrey Pearlson, Carol Tamminga, John A. Sweeney, Brett A. Clementz, David A. Schretlen, Petra Verena Viher, Katharina Stegmayer, Sebastian Walther, Jungsun Lee, Tim Crow, Anthony James, Aristotle Voineskos, Robert W. Buchanan, Philip R. Szeszko, Anil K. Malhotra, Sinead Kelly, Martha E. Shenton, Matcheri S. Keshavan, Raquelle Mesholam-Gately, Marek Kubicki
Summary: Cognitive deficits are highly prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia and are associated with positive symptoms and medication dosage. White matter microstructure plays a mediating role in the association between schizophrenia and cognitive deficits.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Lei Ding, Guofa Shou, Yoon-Hee Cha, John A. Sweeney, Han Yuan
Summary: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals brain-wide coordinated patterns of spontaneous neural activity in the human brain. However, understanding the fast brain-wide networks at the timescales of neuronal events remains limited due to temporal constraints. In this study, using scalp-based electroencephalography (EEG), researchers reconstructed cortical neural tomography and identified brain-wide intrinsic networks and their dynamics.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathryn E. Unruh, James Bartolotti, Walker S. McKinney, Lauren M. Schmitt, John A. Sweeney, Matthew W. Mosconi
Summary: Sensorimotor issues in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involve deficits in multimodal sensory feedback integration and reduced reliance on error-monitoring processes. This study found that individuals with ASD showed reduced functional connectivity in specific brain regions during a visuomotor task at high force levels. Additionally, reduced connectivity was associated with more severe ASD symptoms. These findings suggest that parietal-cerebellar connectivity may serve as a neural marker underlying both core and comorbid features of ASD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Suheyla Cetin-Karayumak, Amanda E. E. Lyall, Maria A. A. Di Biase, Johanna Seitz-Holland, Fan Zhang, Sinead Kelly, Doron Elad, Godfrey Pearlson, Carol A. A. Tamminga, John A. A. Sweeney, Brett A. A. Clementz, David Schretlen, Katharina Stegmayer, Sebastian Walther, Jungsun Lee, Tim Crow, Anthony James, Aristotle Voineskos, Robert W. W. Buchanan, Philip R. R. Szeszko, Anil K. K. Malhotra, Matcheri Keshavan, Martha E. E. Shenton, Yogesh Rathi, Ofer Pasternak, Marek Kubicki
Summary: Studies using Free Water Imaging have consistently found increased extracellular free water in individuals with early psychosis, but the time course of these elevations and their relationship with illness duration have not been extensively studied. Our multi-site analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans from individuals with schizophrenia at different illness stages and ages reveals that average whole brain free water is higher in individuals with schizophrenia across all ages, with the greatest values observed in early adulthood. Additionally, free water is negatively associated with illness duration.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Lisa Kunkel genannt Bode, Andreas Sprenger, Christoph Helmchen, Bjoern Hauptmann, Thomas F. Muente, Bjoern Machner
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of combined optokinetic stimulation (OKS) and cueing-assisted reading therapy (READ) on the remission of hemispatial neglect following stroke. The results showed that the combined treatment slightly improved cognitive test performance related to neglect, but had no significant impact on functional disability.
ANNALS OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Maya Jammoul, Dareen Jammoul, Kevin K. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Ralph G. Depalma
Summary: This article reviews the possible mechanisms by which traumatic brain injury (TBI) may stimulate the development of opioid use disorder (OUD) and discusses the interaction between these two processes. CNS damage due to TBI appears to drive adverse effects of subsequent OUD, with pain being a risk factor for opioid use after TBI.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Danusa Mar Arcego, Jan-Paul Buschdorf, Nicholas O'Toole, Zihan Wang, Barbara Barth, Irina Pokhvisneva, Nirmala Arul Rayan, Sachin Patel, Euclides Jose de Mendonca Filho, Patrick Lee, Jennifer Tan, Ming Xuan Koh, Chu Ming Sim, Carine Parent, Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima, Andrew Clappison, Kieran J. O'Donnell, Carla Dalmaz, Janine Arloth, Nadine Provencal, Elisabeth B. Binder, Josie Diorio, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Michael J. Meaney
Summary: This study investigates the impact of environmental influences on mental health by integrating transcriptomic data from animal models with human data. The results suggest that hippocampal glucocorticoid-related transcriptional activity mediates the effects of early adversity on neural mechanisms implicated in psychiatric disorders.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Milenna T. van Dijk, Ardesheer Talati, Pratik Kashyap, Karan Desai, Nora C. Kelsall, Marc J. Gameroff, Natalie Aw, Eyal Abraham, Breda Cullen, Jiook Cha, Christoph Anacker, Myrna M. Weissman, Jonathan Posner
Summary: This study found that maternal stress is associated with future depressive symptoms and alterations in microstructure of the dentate gyrus (DG) in offspring. These results were consistent across two independent cohorts.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)
Article
Neurosciences
Josephine C. McGowan, Liliana R. Ladner, Claire X. Shubeck, Juliana Tapia, Christina T. LaGamma, Amanda Anqueira-Gonzalez, Ariana DeFrancesco, Briana K. Chen, Holly C. Hunsberger, Ezra J. Sydnor, Ryan W. Logan, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Steven G. Kernie, Christine A. Denny
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to fear generalization by altering fear memory traces, and this symptom can be improved with (R,S)-ketamine.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2024)