Journal
BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN
Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages 1019-1023Publisher
PHARMACEUTICAL SOC JAPAN
DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1019
Keywords
Sophora flavescens; lavandulyl flavonoid; nitric oxide; reactive oxygen species; nuclear factor-kappa B; mitogen-activated protein kinase
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Funding
- Rural Development Administration, Korea [200802121]
- Korea Technology & Information Promotion Agency for SMEs (TIPA) [200802121] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in the early stage of atherosclerosis. Nitric oxide (NO) and ROS are responsible for regulation of the transcriptional pathways of nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), key regulators of cellular inflammatory and immune responses. Previously, we examined LDL-antioxidant activities of the nine flavonoids isolated from Sophora flavescens. Among these, two lavandulyl flavonoids, kurarinone (1) and kuraridin (2) inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-dependent NO production and ROS generation, and suppressed remarkably the expression of inflammatory cytokines, CCL2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL, and iNOS in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 attenuated NF-kappa B activation by inhibition of I kappa B alpha proteolysis and p65 nuclear translocation, as well as phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAP kinases.
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