Article
Physiology
Ryan Neil Marshall, James McKendry, Benoit Smeuninx, Alex Peter Seabright, Paul T. Morgan, Carolyn Greig, Leigh Breen
Summary: Ageing is associated with changes in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which may be influenced by physical activity status. The effect of resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial regulation is unclear.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Victoria L. Wyckelsma, Ada Trepci, Lilly Schwieler, Tomas Venckunas, Marius Brazaitis, Sigitas Kamandulis, Henrikas Paulauskas, Helena Gapeyeva, Mati Paasuke, Stefano Gastaldello, Sophie Imbeault, Hakan Westerblad, Sophie Erhardt, Daniel C. Andersson
Summary: In elderly men, three weeks of sprint interval training shifted KP metabolism towards neuroprotection, but this shift was blocked by antioxidant treatment.
Review
Cell Biology
Martin J. Gibala, Martin J. MacInnis
Summary: Brief, intense interval training improves V_O2max through various physiological changes, including increased maximal cardiac output and blood volume, as well as changes in capillary and mitochondrial density. However, the specific mechanisms underlying these improvements are still unclear and require further investigation using contemporary technologies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Morten Hostrup, Anders Krogh Lemminger, Ben Stocks, Alba Gonzalez-Franquesa, Jeppe Kjaergaard Larsen, Julia Prats Quesada, Martin Thomassen, Brian Tate Weinert, Jens Bangsbo, Atul Shahaji Deshmukh, David E. James
Summary: Exercise is effective in preventing and treating metabolic diseases. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can induce changes in the proteome and acetylome of human skeletal muscle, leading to metabolic adaptations. Furthermore, HIIT increases the acetylation of mitochondrial proteins.
Article
Cell Biology
Amanda J. Genders, Jujiao Kuang, Nicholas J. Saner, Javier Botella, David J. Bishop
Summary: Exercise training can increase mitochondrial content and respiration, but high-intensity exercise may be limited by mild acidosis. This study aimed to determine the effects of administering ammonium chloride before each exercise session on mitochondrial content and respiration in rats. The results showed that ammonium chloride administration reduced the exercise-induced increase in mitochondrial respiration in the soleus muscle but did not alter mitochondrial content. These effects were not observed in the white gastrocnemius muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Catherine M. Jankowski, Melissa P. Wilson, Samantha MaWhinney, Jane Reusch, Leslie Knaub, Sara Hull, Kristine M. Erlandson
Summary: The study found that individuals with HIV had blunted mitochondrial adaptations to exercise compared to uninfected controls, suggesting the need for different types of exercise-induced stimulation to improve mitochondrial function in this population.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Edmund Battey, Regula Furrer, Jacob Ross, Christoph Handschin, Julien Ochala, Matthew J. Stroud
Summary: PGC-1α plays a critical role in myonuclear accretion during adaptation to endurance training, especially in larger muscle fibers. Myonuclear accretion in PGC-1α mKO mice is slightly affected with increasing fiber size, but is significantly altered in trained larger fibers compared to sedentary mice, highlighting the importance of PGC-1α in myonuclear accretion in these fibers.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Colin Harper, Venkatesh Gopalan, Jorming Goh
Summary: This review examines the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during aging, particularly focusing on the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling and its impact on muscle function decline. It also discusses how different exercise modalities can potentially reverse these changes and delay the onset of sarcopenia. Additional concepts such as mitophagy and the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function are also integrated in this review.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua C. Drake, Rebecca J. Wilson, Rhianna C. Laker, Yuntian Guan, Hannah R. Spaulding, Anna S. Nichenko, Wenqing Shen, Huayu Shang, Maya Dorn, Kian Huang, Mei Zhang, Aloka B. Bandara, Matthew H. Brisendine, Jennifer A. Kashatus, Poonam R. Sharma, Alexander Young, Jitendra Gautam, Ruofan Cao, Horst Wallrabe, Paul A. Chang, Michael Wong, Eric M. Desjardins, Simon A. Hawley, George J. Christ, David F. Kashatus, Clint L. Miller, Matthew J. Wolf, Ammasi Periasamy, Gregory R. Steinberg, D. Grahame Hardie, Zhen Yan
Summary: Mitochondria form a complex, interconnected reticulum maintained through coordination among biogenesis, dynamic fission, fusion and mitophagy in response to various cues. Specific isoforms of AMP-activated protein kinase are localized on the outer mitochondrial membrane and vary in activation across the reticulum in response to energetic stress. The discovery highlights the complexity of sensing cellular energetics in vivo and its implications for targeting mitochondrial energetics in disease treatment.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Macsue Jacques, Shanie Landen, Javier Alvarez Romero, Danielle Hiam, Ralf B. Schittenhelm, Iresha Hanchapola, Anup D. Shah, Sarah Voisin, Nir Eynon
Summary: Exercise has significant effects on both the epigenome and proteome in human muscle. A 12-week high-intensity interval training intervention was conducted on 16 healthy moderately trained males, and muscle biopsies were collected at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The study found significant changes in proteins and DNA methylation levels, with some proteins consistently changed across individuals and the discovery of two novel exercise-related proteins. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the impact of exercise on the human body.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jan Spaas, Richie P. Goulding, Charly Keytsman, Lena Fonteyn, Jack van Horssen, Richard T. Jaspers, Bert O. Eijnde, Rob C. I. Wust
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have lower exercise tolerance due to reduced skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype. However, skeletal muscle mitochondria seem resistant to the effects of exercise training, suggesting that other physiological systems may be driving the improvements in exercise capacity following exercise training in MS.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tai-Yu Huang, Melissa A. Linden, Scott E. Fuller, Felicia R. Goldsmith, Jacob Simon, Heidi M. Batdorf, Matthew C. Scott, Nabil M. Essajee, John M. Brown, Robert C. Noland
Summary: Ketogenic diets with normal protein content (NPKD) increase body weight and fat mass, enhance intramuscular triglyceride storage, and upregulate pathways related to protein metabolism. When combined with exercise training, NPKD induces additive and/or synergistic activation of AMPK, PGC-1a, mitochondrial fission/fusion genes, and lipid oxidation pathways in skeletal muscle. These results provide mechanistic insight into adaptations in skeletal muscle relevant to keto-adaptation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amy D. Mackay, Erik D. Marchant, Makensie Louw, David M. Thomson, Chad R. Hancock
Summary: This study assessed muscle function in mice following DOX administration and found that exercise may be an effective strategy for preventing muscle fatigue caused by DOX treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Lauren E. Skelly, Celine Bailleul, Jenna B. Gillen
Summary: Studies have shown that low-volume high-intensity interval training is beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness in women and yields similar improvements in both men and women. Limited research suggests conflicting results regarding insulin sensitivity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial responses in women.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anjali Bhat, Rafay Abu, Sankarasubramanian Jagadesan, Neetha Nanoth Vellichirammal, Ved Vasishtha Pendyala, Li Yu, Tara L. Rudebush, Chittibabu Guda, Irving H. Zucker, Vikas Kumar, Lie Gao
Summary: Exercise training improves skeletal muscle health through various adaptative pathways. Nrf2, an important antioxidant transcription factor, is crucial for the adaptative responses and beneficial effects of exercise on muscle. The study suggests that Nrf2 plays a critical role in the adaptive effects of skeletal muscle and its response to exercise training.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jatin Burniston, Jennifer Barrett, Samuel Bennett, Connor Stead, Julien Louis, Graeme Close, Paulo Lisboa
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Ben N. Stansfield, Alexander D. Brown, Claire E. Stewart, Jatin G. Burniston
Summary: The study investigated protein synthesis rates in C2C12 myoblast differentiation, finding differences in abundance of proteins between early and later stages of differentiation. Early differentiation had higher levels of ribosomal and heat shock proteins, while later differentiation was associated with actin filament binding. Protein synthesis rates in mole terms closely correlated with protein abundance data, highlighting proteins involved in glycolytic processes and intermediate filament protein binding that were not evident in fractional terms.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andreas M. Kasper, Carl Langan-Evans, James F. Hudson, Thomas E. Brownlee, Liam D. Harper, Robert J. Naughton, James P. Morton, Graeme L. Close
Summary: This study explored common methodologies used in sports to measure body composition, compared the efficacy of widely believed accurate (DXA) and practical (skinfold thickness) assessment tools, and provided a framework for selecting the most appropriate assessment method in applied sports practice based on insights from elite sports experiences.
Article
Physiology
Tom Tanjeko Ajime, Jef Serre, Rob C. Wust, Jatin G. Burniston, Karen Maes, Wim Janssens, Thierry Troosters, Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez, Hans Degens
Summary: Vitamin D deficiency and cigarette smoke exposure did not individually impair the hypertrophic response of overloaded plantaris muscles, but when combined, the hypertrophic response was weakened. This suggests that individuals who are both current smokers and vitamin D deficient may be less likely to respond to a training program.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jamie N. Pugh, Marie M. Phelan, Eva Caamano-Gutierrez, S. Andy Sparks, James P. Morton, Graeme L. Close, Daniel J. Owens
Summary: This study investigated the impact of probiotic supplementation on systemic metabolism in endurance athletes post-Marathon. The findings suggest that probiotic supplementation can alter serum metabolome post-Marathon, but has no discernible effect on muscle metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James F. Hudson, Marie M. Phelan, Daniel J. Owens, James P. Morton, Graeme L. Close, Claire E. Stewart
Summary: This study used untargeted metabolomics to investigate metabolic fluctuations caused by competitive rugby, revealing that high-intensity sports meet acute energy needs through glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and gluconeogenesis. During the recovery period after matches, re-entry into gluconeogenesis is observed along with markers of oxidative stress, structural protein degradation, and reduced fatty acid metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David J. Muggeridge, Daniel R. Crabtree, Ahmet Tuncay, Ian L. Megson, Gareth Davison, James N. Cobley
Summary: New readily accessible systemic redox biomarkers are needed to understand the biological roles reactive oxygen species (ROS) play in humans. The study used a maximal exercise bout to disrupt redox homeostasis and determine a candidate systemic redox biomarker in human erythrocytes. The results showed that the oxidation level of a specific phosphatase decreased during exercise, and the activity of the phosphatase was greater at rest compared to exercise.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Noble, Matthew Guille, James N. Cobley
Summary: Measuring protein thiol redox state is crucial for understanding redox signaling in health and disease. Developing a microplate assay, like the Antibody-Linked Oxi-State Assay (ALISA), enables greater accessibility and advancement in the field of protein thiol redox biology. ALISA is a high throughput, time- and cost-efficient method that can help researchers study specific redox states of proteins in various biological processes.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmet Tuncay, Anna Noble, Matthew Guille, James N. Cobley
Summary: RedoxiFluor is a novel antibody technology that enables accurate quantification of target-specific protein thiol redox state in percentages and moles on a microplate. It can operate in global mode and array mode, making it highly versatile. Extensive validation in diverse biological contexts demonstrates the reliability and utility of this technology.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alexander D. Brown, Claire E. Stewart, Jatin G. Burniston
Summary: This study used novel isotopic labelling and proteomic methods to investigate protein turnover in ageing cells, and found that the loss of proteome quality may contribute to the lack of fusion in aged myoblasts.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Catherine A. Bellissimo, Luca J. Delfinis, Meghan C. Hughes, Patrick C. Turnbull, Shivam Gandhi, Sara N. DiBenedetto, Fasih A. Rahman, Peyman Tadi, Christina A. Amaral, Ali Dehghani, James N. Cobley, Joe Quadrilatero, Uwe Schlattner, Christopher G. R. Perry
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether the prospective mitochondrial-enhancing compound Olesoxime can prevent early-stage mitochondrial stress in limb and respiratory muscle from D2.mdx mice. Results showed that Olesoxime selectively preserved or maintained muscle sensitivity to creatine, reduced creatine kinase release, and improved some indices of muscle quality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James N. Cobley
Summary: A protein molecule with cysteine residues can have multiple unique protein forms called oxiforms, which are determined by different oxidation-chemotype specifications. The diversity of oxiforms within the human body provides a biological basis for redox heterogeneity, and these oxiforms may enable cells to respond to a broad spectrum of stimuli. However, the biological significance of protein-specific oxiforms remains speculative and requires further exploration through new techniques for quantifying oxiforms, which can advance our understanding of redox regulation in health and disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmet Tuncay, Daniel R. Crabtree, David J. Muggeridge, Holger Husi, James N. Cobley
Summary: The antibody-linked oxi-state assay (ALISA) is a useful tool for quantifying target-specific cysteine oxidation. It benefits both specialists and non-specialists, with its time-efficient analysis and high-throughput capacities. However, more benchmarking is needed before it can be widely adopted.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James N. Cobley
Summary: This paper proposes a novel hypothesis that different states of oxidative stress are associated with distinct patterns of cysteine oxidation. Measuring and manipulating these patterns offer promising avenues for advancing oxidative stress research.
Review
Sport Sciences
Neil P. Walsh, Shona L. Halson, Charli Sargent, Gregory D. Roach, Mathieu Nedelec, Luke Gupta, Jonathan Leeder, Hugh H. Fullagar, Aaron J. Coutts, Ben J. Edwards, Samuel A. Pullinger, Colin M. Robertson, Jatin G. Burniston, Michele Lastella, Yann Le Meur, Christophe Hausswirth, Amy M. Bender, Michael A. Grandner, Charles H. Samuels
Summary: Elite athletes often face sleep inadequacies, with research still ongoing in areas such as the validity of sleep assessment tools and the influence of sleep on athletic performance. Targeted interventions and individualized approaches can help optimize athlete sleep, considering factors such as sport-specific influences and perceived sleep needs.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)