Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Paul A. Monach, Westyn Branch-Elliman
Summary: Research finds that minimizing additional risk in clinical trials while allowing for monitoring mechanisms is essential for accelerating research progress. Pragmatic trials can simplify eligibility criteria, interventions, and outcome monitoring to reduce costs and speed up research progress.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hannah Moyer, Merlin Bittlinger, Angela Nelson, Luciano Fernandez, Jacky Sheng, Yuetong Wang, Joseph C. Del Paggio, Jonathan Kimmelman
Summary: The prevalence of P2 bypass in phase 3 trials was estimated in this study, and the safety and efficacy results were compared between trials that bypassed phase 2 and those that did not.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Business
Arne De Keyser, Yakov Bart, Xian Gu, Stephanie Q. Liu, Stacey G. Robinson, P. K. Kannan
Summary: This article explores the principles, opportunities, challenges, and future research directions of biometric data. Biometric data has potential in the business field, but also comes with issues such as privacy and security.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Fei Song, Yiyun Shou, Joel Olney, Felix S. H. Yeung
Summary: This study investigates the impact of uncertainty on the preference for action and inaction in moral dilemmas. The results show that participants prefer actions with uncertainty, especially when moral dilemmas have a loss frame.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Alberto Hernando-Calvo, Abdulazeez Salawu, Rachel Y. Chen, Daniel V. Araujo, Marc Oliva, Zhihui Amy Liu, Lillian L. Siu
Summary: This study developed an IO risk stratification model based on five different variables and reviewed phase 1 IO trials published from 2014 to 2020. It found that different IO compounds have diverse risk profiles, and combination therapy and the use of IO agents different from anti-PD-1/PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4 antibodies, and anti-cancer vaccines are associated with higher toxicity risk. Furthermore, none of the studies in the dataset reported all the items included in the TRIO standards.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Remote Sensing
Weiping Jiang, Tianjun Liu, Hua Chen, Chuanfeng Song, Qusen Chen, Tao Geng
Summary: Precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution (PPP AR) is a valuable tool for high-precision geodetic observations. This study presents a reliable approach to estimate multi-frequency phase observable-specific signal bias (OSB) based on triple-frequency phase geometry-free and ionospheric-free (GF-IF) combination. The results demonstrate that the multi-frequency phase OSB can recover integer ambiguities and mitigate the impact of time-variable hardware biases. The kinematic PPP AR with phase OSB achieves high-precision positioning in a short time.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christina Easter, Jennifer A. Thompson, Sandra Eldridge, Monica Taljaard, Karla Hemming
Summary: The study describes the prevalence of bias risks in cluster-randomized trials of individual-level interventions, with many trials found to be at risk mostly due to identification and recruitment biases. Investigators recommend considering the need for cluster randomization, following recommended procedures to mitigate biases, and adhering to good reporting practices.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Chang Xu, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Suhail A. Doi
Summary: Assessment of internal validity safeguards by researchers examines the potential reliability of evidence within a study. Quality assessment and risk of bias assessment are two distinct evaluation methods, with the latter being increasingly popular and used interchangeably with the former. This paper clarifies the differences between these assessments and their importance in evaluating clinical evidence for internal validity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kirstie Shearman, Alexander Masters, Dominic Nutt, Simon Bowman, Heather Draper
Summary: The study aims to identify and explore concerns raised by UK research ethics committees (RECs) when reviewing clinical trials funded through the Plutocratic Proposal. Findings suggest that participants generally find this funding method acceptable, but have concerns regarding scientific integrity and fairness in distributing benefits. Additional guidance may be necessary for RECs to address ethical concerns related to donor participation and ensure consistent decision-making.
Review
Rehabilitation
Tiziano Innocenti, Silvia Giagio, Stefano Salvioli, Daniel Feller, Silvia Minnucci, Fabrizio Brindisino, Wilhelmina Ijzelenberg, Raymond Ostelo, Alessandro Chiarotto
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the completeness of reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in rehabilitation journals and investigate the relationship between reporting completeness and risk of bias (ROB). The study found that reporting completeness is suboptimal and associated with ROB, journal impact ranking, and registration of the study protocol.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Karolina Strzebonska, Mateusz Blukacz, Mateusz T. Wasylewski, Maciej Polak, Bishal Gyawali, Marcin Waligora
Summary: This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety profiles of cancer umbrella trials testing targeted drugs or a combination of targeted therapy with chemotherapy. The study found that, on average, one in five cancer patients responded to a given therapy, while one in 125 died due to drug toxicity. The results do not support the expectation of increased patient benefit in cancer umbrella trials, and further studies should be conducted.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Caoming Fan, Zheng Yao, Shijie Yun, Jianping Xing
Summary: This study aims to improve position accuracy and convergence speed by applying GNSS precise positioning technology to ground-based pseudolite systems. The research shows that TPBs are rather stable over time and do not need to be broadcast to users frequently.
JOURNAL OF GEODESY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Guangcai Li, Jianghui Geng
Summary: The availability of GNSS raw measurements and improved performance of mass-market GNSS chipsets have facilitated the development of high-precision GNSS positioning on smartphones. However, channel-dependent carrier phase biases in smartphone GNSS chipsets hinder Android multi-GNSS ambiguity resolution. This study proposes an on-the-fly phase biases correction method to improve ambiguity-fixing rate and positioning accuracy.
JOURNAL OF GEODESY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Odgerel Baasan, Omar Freihat, David U. Nagy, Szimonetta Lohner
Summary: This study aimed to assess the methodological quality of published cardiovascular clinical research trials. The results showed that almost two-thirds of the RCTs had high or unclear risk of bias, indicating a need for more rigorous trial planning and conduct.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephen Faraone, Jeffrey H. Newcorn, Andrea Cipriani, Daniel Brandeis, Anna Kaiser, Sarah Hohmann, Alexander Haege, Samuele Cortese
Summary: The study analyzed the placebo and nocebo effects in ADHD medications, finding significant impact of placebo effects on efficacy and negative effects on tolerability. It also discovered a positive correlation between baseline to endpoint placebo effects and drug effects.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)