Journal
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
Volume 1866, Issue 1, Pages 2-15Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.023
Keywords
Protein phosphatase 1; Myosin phosphatase; MYPT1/PPP1R12A; Insulin resistance; Cancer; Cell cycle; Neurotransmitter release; Development; Dephosphorylation; Interactome; Gene expression
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Funding
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office [FK 125043, K108308, PD111715]
- European Regional Development Fund [GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00044, EFOP-3.6.2-16-2017-00006]
- EU
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Myosin phosphatase (MP) holoenzyme is a Ser/Thr specific enzyme, which is the member of protein phosphatase type 1 (PP1) family and composed of a PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1c/PPP1CB) and a myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1/PPP1R12A). PP1c is required for the catalytic activity of the holoenzyme, while MYPT1 regulates MP through targeting the holoenzyme to its substrates. Above the well-characterized function of MP, as the major regulator of smooth muscle contractility mediating the dephosphorylation of 20 kDa myosin light chain, accumulating data support its role in other, non-contractile functions. In this review, we summarize the scaffold function of MP holoenzyme and its roles in processes such as cell cycle, development, gene expression regulation and neurotransmitter release. In particular, we highlight novel interacting proteins of MYPT1 and pathophysiological functions of MP relevant to tumorigenesis, insulin resistance and neurodegenerative disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Phosphatases as Critical Regulators for Cellular Homeostasis edited by Prof. Peter Ruvolo and Dr. Veerle Janssens.
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