Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Oliver Weichenrieder
Summary: In this study, Juaire et al. investigated disease-associated variants of the SRP54 GTPase using X-ray crystallography, biophysical tools, and cell-based assays. They demonstrated that defects in SRP-mediated protein secretion can explain phenotypes of severe neutropenia with Shwachman-Diamond-syndrome-like symptoms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Pyrih, Tomas Panek, Ignacio Miguel Durante, Vendula Raskova, Kristyna Cimrhanzlova, Eva Kriegova, Anastasios D. Tsaousis, Marek Elias, Julius Lukes
Summary: This study reveals the presence of homologs of bacterial Ffh and FtsY proteins in various plastid-lacking unicellular eukaryotes, suggesting they constitute parts of an ancestral mitochondrial signal peptide-based protein-targeting system inherited from the last eukaryotic common ancestor. This system appears to have been lost from the majority of extant eukaryotes, with implications for protein targeting in different organisms.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jianke Yang, Hengwu Ding, Xianzhao Kan
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis on the codon usage and molecular evolution of HSP60 across birds, revealing a weak codon usage bias with high ENC values and A/T-ending codons being preferred. The evolutionary patterns of HSP60 in birds are shaped by mutation, natural selection, and genetic drift, with different lineages possibly under similar selective pressures and positive selection sites undergoing radical changes. This research contributes to a better understanding of the function diversity and molecular evolution of HSP60 in birds.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xin Li, Xiaocen Wang, Pengtao Gong, Nan Zhang, Xichen Zhang, Jianhua Li
Summary: This study systematically analyzed the codon usage pattern of Giardia duodenalis, revealing that mutational pressure and natural selection play important roles in shaping its codon usage bias. The study provides useful insights into the mechanisms behind Giardia duodenalis' codon usage bias formation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krishnamurthy Subramanian, Bryan Payne, Felix Feyertag, David Alvarez-Ponce
Summary: This is an online database that provides codon usage statistics for all species in RefSeq, allowing users to search for specific species or taxonomic groups and access relevant statistical tables.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Liyan Zeng, Ming Chen, Min Wang, Liuyao Zhu, Jingjing Yan, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jianqing Xu, Shuye Zhang
Summary: Analyzing the codon usage patterns of different strains of enterovirus A (EV-A), we found that there are variations in codon usage bias among different strains and these patterns are clade-specific. Natural selection plays a dominant role in shaping the codon usage preference of EV-A strains, and the unique codon usage patterns affect protein expression levels. We also identified host-specific codon adaptation patterns of EV-A strains in different clades.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Christine Mordstein, Laura Cano, Atahualpa Castillo Morales, Bethan Young, Alexander T. Ho, Alan M. Rice, Michael Liss, Laurence D. Hurst, Grzegorz Kudla
Summary: The codon usage of viruses is influenced by various selective and mutational pressures, including GC content, dinucleotide content, and sequence motifs related to gene regulation. The effects of these factors on gene expression vary depending on whether the genetic material is DNA or RNA, how it is transcribed, and where transcription occurs.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Fangtao Li, Jiyu Liu, Jizhe Yang, Haoran Sun, Zhimin Jiang, Chenxi Wang, Xin Zhang, Yinghui Yu, Chuankuo Zhao, Juan Pu, Yipeng Sun, Kin-Chow Chang, Jinhua Liu, Honglei Sun
Summary: The study found that the H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein interacts with host protein GNB1 to enhance M1 protein transport to budding sites at the cell membrane, promoting progeny virus release and facilitating H5N6 reassortants to infect human cells.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alexander L. Cope, Michael A. Gilchrist
Summary: Our study quantifies codon-specific shifts in natural selection related to protein structure in S. cerevisiae and E. coli using an explicit population genetics approach. We find that selection on codon usage varies only slightly between different secondary structures and between structured and intrinsically-disordered regions. Our results also contradict previous findings by showing that selection on codon usage only varies slightly at the termini of helices in E. coli. Additionally, we demonstrate that the previous observation of non-optimal codons being enriched at the beginning of helices in S. cerevisiae was due to failure to control for confounding factors, rather than selection for cotranslational folding.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng Lu, Wenbo Wan, Yuxing Li, Haipeng Li, Bowen Sun, Kang Yu, Jin Zhao, Giovanni Franzo, Shuo Su
Summary: This study analyzed the spike gene of HCoV-229E through phylogenetic and codon usage analysis, categorizing it into four distinct clusters with unique host affiliations. The study revealed that the codon usage pattern of HCoV-229E is more similar to that of camels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Maddalena Dilucca, Giulio Cimini, Sergio Forcelloni, Andrea Giansanti
Summary: The study reveals a correlation between codon usage patterns and protein-protein interactions in bacterial species, suggesting potential effects on the network features. The findings extend previous observations from E. coli and may lead to improvements in bioinformatics methods for predicting protein interactions.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kunshan Liu, Yaqi Ouyang, Ru Lin, Chenyu Ge, Mian Zhou
Summary: Codon usage bias plays an important role in regulating gene expression levels, mRNA and protein stabilities in P. pastoris. Extreme codon optimization in genes with strong negative correlation between codon usage bias and protein structural disorder tendency may not be favored, and may affect protein structural conformation more severely in structural disordered proteins.
JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yichun Xu, Kunshan Liu, Yu Han, Yanzi Xing, Yuanxing Zhang, Qiuying Yang, Mian Zhou
Summary: The study found a direct correlation between codon translation efficiency and usage frequency, with N-terminal signal peptides showing tolerance towards codon changes. Full-length codon optimization differentially affects the expression profiles of genes with different levels of structural disorder, and can potentially cause protein conformation changes in structurally disordered proteins.
MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Yajun Zeng, Lianwen Shen, Shengqun Chen, Shuang Qu, Na Hou
Summary: This study analyzed the codon usage patterns of 26 Juglandaceae chloroplast genomes and found that chloroplast codons tend to exhibit conserved GC content and are primarily altered by natural selection.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qi Peng, Xue Zhang, Jizong Li, Wenlong He, Baochao Fan, Yanxiu Ni, Maojun Liu, Bin Li
Summary: This study presents a comprehensive analysis of 54 representative PDCoV strains, revealing a certain codon usage bias in the S gene and a higher adaptation level of PDCoV to humans and chickens than to pigs. These findings contribute to our understanding of PDCoV's evolution, adaptability, and inter-species transmission.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Michael P. Jennings, Christopher J. Day, John M. Atack
Summary: This review provides an update on the advances made in understanding the role of sialic acid in bacteria-host interactions, particularly focusing on molecular mimicry and the role of sialic acid as a receptor for bacterial adhesins and toxins.
Article
Microbiology
Zachary N. Phillips, Claudia Trappetti, Annelies Van Den Bergh, Gael Martin, Ainslie Calcutt, Victoria Ozberk, Patrice Guillon, Manisha Pandey, Mark von Itzstein, W. Edward Swords, James C. Paton, Michael P. Jennings, John M. Atack
Summary: S. pneumoniae, the world's foremost bacterial pathogen, encodes a phasevarion that results in differential expression of multiple genes. This study reveals that the phasevarion generates phenotypic differences relevant to pathobiology and that expression of conserved protein antigens varies with phasevarion switching. These findings are important for the selection of optimal candidates for inclusion in a rationally designed universal pneumococcal vaccine.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lucy K. Shewell, Christopher J. Day, Xavier De Bisscop, Jennifer L. Edwards, Michael P. Jennings
Summary: Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to previous antibiotics, necessitating the development of novel antimicrobials. Carbamazepine has been shown to block the interaction between gonococcal pili and human complement receptor 3, as well as effectively clear established gonococcal infections. Concentrations of carbamazepine in vaginal fluid from women taking the drug were found to be sufficient to significantly reduce the number of viable gonococci recovered from cervical cell infections. These findings support the further development of carbamazepine as a host-targeted therapy for gonococcal cervicitis.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucy K. Shewell, Christopher J. Day, Tiana Hippolite, Xavier De Bisscop, James C. Paton, Adrienne W. Paton, Michael P. Jennings
Summary: Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive and deadly type of skin cancer, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Currently, there are no serum biomarkers available for the early detection of cutaneous melanoma. However, researchers have developed a Neu5Gc-specific lectin called SubB2M, which can detect elevated levels of Neu5Gc-containing biomarkers in the serum of cancer patients. This discovery suggests that serum Neu5Gc-containing glycoconjugates can serve as novel biomarkers for cutaneous melanoma and contribute to its early diagnosis.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Preeti Garai, John M. Atack, Brandon M. Wills, Michael P. Jennings, Lauren O. Bakaletz, Kenneth L. Brockman
Summary: This study investigated the role of ModA phasevarions in regulating the adherence of NTHi to specific host substrates in the respiratory tract. The findings suggest that NTHi adherence is substrate-specific and dependent on the ModA allele encoded, with adhesins Protein E and P4 playing a significant role. Understanding the substrate-specific regulation of NTHi adherence by ModA phasevarions can aid in the development of targeted vaccines and therapeutics against NTHi.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nusrat Nahar, Greg Tram, Freda E-C Jen, Zachary N. Phillips, Lucy A. Weinert, Janine T. Bosse, Jafar S. Jabbari, Quentin Gouil, Mei R. M. Du, Matthew E. Ritchie, Rory Bowden, Paul R. Langford, Alexander W. Tucker, Michael P. Jennings, Conny Turni, Patrick J. Blackall, John M. Atack
Summary: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, has been found to possess phase-variable regulons known as phasevarions, which lead to altered expression of multiple genes via epigenetic mechanisms. This variation is caused by the variable expression of DNA methyltransferases, resulting in methylation differences within the bacterial population. The identification of these phasevarions in A. pleuropneumoniae is important for the development of a subunit vaccine against this veterinary pathogen.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jing Wang, Lucy K. Shewell, Christopher J. Day, Michael P. Jennings
Summary: One form of abnormal glycosylation in human tumors is the expression of Neu5Gc, a type of acid. The enzyme responsible for producing Neu5Gc in mammals is believed to be inactive in humans. However, low levels of Neu5Gc have been found in healthy humans, indicating its acquisition from diet, such as red meat. Elevated levels of Neu5Gc have been consistently detected in cancer tissues, cells, and serum samples, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for cancer. This review examines the use of Neu5Gc-containing tumor glycoconjugates as cancer biomarkers for detection, monitoring, prognosis, and therapeutic targets.
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Joanna E. Musik, Jessica Poole, Christopher J. Day, Thomas Haselhorst, Freda E. -C. Jen, Thomas Ve, Veronika Masic, Michael P. Jennings, Yaramah M. Zalucki
Summary: This study designed 11 peptides to mimic signal peptides that are inefficiently cleaved by LepB. The binding affinity and inhibitory potential of these peptides against LepB were assessed. It was found that the tryptophan residue in the signal peptide inhibited the cleavage of the peptide by LepB, and replacing this residue with alanine improved the cleavage efficiency.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Zhang, Freda E. -C. Jen, Kate L. Fox, Jennifer L. Edwards, Michael P. Jennings
Summary: Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) is present in all life forms, including bacteria. Recent research has shown that ChoP modification and phase variation play a role in bacterial pathogenesis. However, the mechanisms of ChoP synthesis in some bacteria are still unclear. This review examines the recent developments in ChoP-modified proteins and glycolipids, as well as ChoP biosynthetic pathways, and discusses the role of ChoP in bacterial pathobiology and immune response modulation.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Freda E. -C. Jen, Jodie L. Abrahams, Benjamin L. Schulz, Araceli Lamelas, Gerd Pluschke, Michael P. Jennings
Summary: In the meningitis belt of sub-Saharan Africa, cyclic meningococcal epidemics coincide with clonal waves of Neisseria meningitidis. A whole-genome sequencing study with meningococcal isolates collected during outbreaks identified the pilin glycosylation (pgl) locus as a hotspot of recombination. The exchange of pgl genes in N. meningitidis results in variable glycosylation patterns of pilin and other surface glycoproteins. Investigating pilin glycosylation can shed light on bacterial adaptation and potential targets for therapies and vaccines.
ACS INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yuan Zhang, Freda E. -C. Jen, Jennifer L. L. Edwards, Michael P. P. Jennings
Summary: Phosphorylcholine (ChoP) modification on bacterial surface proteins and carbohydrates contributes to host mimicry and survival in the host. This study systematically analyzed bacterial genomes to identify the potential ChoP biosynthetic pathways, and found the association between specific pathways and the type of ChoP-modified surface factors.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Greg Tram, Freda E. -C. Jen, Zachary N. Phillips, John F. Lancashire, Jamie Timms, Jessica Poole, Michael P. Jennings, John M. Atack
Summary: This study characterized the ModA phasevarion in H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius, finding ModA13 in non-BPF causing strains and ModA16 unique to BPF causing isolates. Phase variation of ModA13 and ModA16 resulted in genome-wide changes to DNA methylation, leading to altered protein expression. However, these changes did not affect serum resistance in H. influenzae biogroup aegyptius strains.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
John M. Atack, Kenneth L. Brockman, Lauren O. Bakaletz, Michael P. Jennings
Summary: This study presents high-depth coverage RNA-Seq data from prototype NTHi strains 723 and R2866, which encode two of the most common phase-variable ModA alleles found in NTHi strains, ModA2 and ModA10.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Christopher J. Day, Rachael L. Hardison, Belinda L. Spillings, Jessica Poole, Joseph A. Jurcisek, Johnson Mak, Michael P. Jennings, Jennifer L. Edwards
Summary: The study shows that HIV-1 binds to CR3 with high affinity, which is necessary and sufficient for HIV adherence to, and transcytosis across, polarized, human primary cervical epithelial cells. This suggests a unique role for CR3 on epithelial cells in facilitating HIV-1 attachment and entry. Strategies targeting the HIV-CR3 interaction may prevent transmission via this efficient pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Philipp Grad, Katarina Edwards, Lars Gedda, Victor Agmo Hernandez
Summary: This study investigates the effects of polyethylene glycol-(PEG) modified lipids and gangliosides on the Ca2+ induced interaction between liposomes composed of palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and palmitoyl-oleoyl phosphatidylserine (POPS) at physiological ionic strength. The results show that naked liposomes tend to adhere, rupture, and collapse on each other's surfaces upon addition of Ca2+, eventually resulting in the formation of large multilamellar aggregates and bilayer sheets. However, the presence of gangliosides or PEGylated lipids leads to the formation of small, long-lived bilayer fragments/disks. PEGylated lipids seem to be more effective than gangliosides at stabilizing these structures. The study suggests that direct liposome-liposome fusion is not the dominating process triggered by Ca2+ in the systems studied.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Saurabh Saraswat, Archana Chugh
Summary: Cell penetrating peptides (CPP) are important tools for intracellular delivery of molecules. In this study, a novel marine-derived CPP from Engraulis japonicus, called Engraulisin, was reported. Engraulisin demonstrated successful cellular uptake and selective antimicrobial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), making it a potential candidate for drug delivery.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emanuela Efodili, Ashlynn Knight, Maryem Mirza, Cedric Briones, Il-Hyung Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates the spontaneous transfer of small membrane-bound peptides between a supported lipid bilayer and giant unilamellar vesicles in vitro. The transfer occurs through the formation of hemi-fusion stalks and is limited to small peptides due to the highly curved structure of the stalk. This system provides a synthetic platform for studying peptide trafficking between synthetic membranes.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yueqi Niu, Si Jia Chen, Jeffery B. Klauda
Summary: Macrophage membranes in the activated state are more tightly packed, exhibit increased chain order across lipid species, and form specific lipid clusters. These findings provide physiologically accurate models for future computational studies of macrophage membranes and their proteins.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niki Baccile, Vincent Chaleix, Ingo Hoffmann
Summary: This study measured the bending rigidity of self-assembled structures formed by a new biobased glucolipid bioamphiphile using neutron spin-echo (NSE) technology. The results showed that the bending rigidity of these structures is lower or higher compared to phospholipid membranes, providing a new theoretical basis for the application of these new molecular systems.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alain Bolano Alvares, Pablo E. A. Rodriguez, Gerardo D. Fidelio
Summary: The behavior of amphiphilic molecules at the air/water interface was studied to evaluate the arrangement formed in a confined area. The surface properties of zwitterionic DPPC lipid and A beta(1-40) amyloid peptide in mixed films were investigated at different temperatures. DPPC undergoes a phase transition depending on temperature and lateral pressure, which allows for the study of its influence on amyloid structure formation.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lukasz Plachta, Marzena Mach, Magdalena Kowalska, Pawel Wydro
Summary: Resveratrol, a popular phytoalexin found in grapes and red wine, has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, exhibits antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties, and may have therapeutic effects against cancer. This study investigates the interaction of resveratrol with model cell membranes, demonstrating changes in their physicochemical parameters and highlighting the role of cholesterol content in resveratrol incorporation. The findings suggest that the molecular mechanism of action of resveratrol may involve interactions with lipid rafts.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Edurne Rujas, Beatriz Apellaniz, Johana Torralba, David Andreu, Jose M. M. Caaveiro, Shixia Wang, Shan Lu, Jose L. Nieva
Summary: This study investigates the role of fusion peptide and Trp-rich membrane proximal external region in HIV-1 fusion and demonstrates that liposome-based formulations containing FP-MPER hybrid peptides can induce the production of specific neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. The results support the use of liposomes as vaccine carriers and the inclusion of lipid membranes in immunogens to elicit specific humoral responses.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dailin Li, Dingyuan Shi, Lei Wang
Summary: G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels play a significant role in regulating cell excitability. This study investigated the ion permeation mechanism in GIRK2 mutants using molecular dynamic simulations and QM/MM methods. The results revealed the importance of a multi-ion distribution for ion conduction.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Max J. den Uijl, Arnold J. M. Driessen
Summary: Membrane protein insertion into and translocation across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane are essential processes facilitated by the Sec translocon. The phospholipid dependence of membrane protein insertion has remained mostly unknown. This study reveals that the insertion of the mannitol permease MtlA into the membrane depends on the presence of phosphatidylglycerol and is stimulated by phosphatidylethanolamine.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrick Allen, Adam C. Smith, Vernon Benedicto, Abbas Abdulhasan, Vasanthy Narayanaswami, Enrico Tapavicza
Summary: We explore the stability, size, and structure of nanodiscs formed by the N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein E3 and a variable number of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine molecules. Our simulations suggest that nanodiscs containing 240 to 420 DMPC molecules are stable. The antiparallel configuration shows more protein-protein interactions and ionic contacts, as well as greater stability and rigidity compared to the parallel configuration.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Patrick M. Keating, Nicholas P. Schifano, Xinrui Wei, Matthew Y. Kong, Jinwoo Lee
Summary: Lassa virus (LASV) infection is dependent on the fusion of its viral membrane with the host cell membrane, and our study reveals that this fusion process involves pH-dependent conformational changes in the transmembrane domain of LASV. These findings provide valuable insights into the fusion mechanism of LASV and can be utilized in the design of therapeutics to combat Lassa virus infections and prevent its potential spread.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashley L. Bennett, Kristen N. Cranford, Austin L. Bates, Christopher R. Sabatini, Hee-Seung Lee
Summary: This study employed molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the binding, folding, and insertion details of TP10W in the cell membrane. The simulations revealed that TP10W can translocate across the lipid membrane as a monomer, and the charged amino acid side chains can move between lipid leaflets. Comparison with point mutated variants demonstrated significant conformational changes due to charge distribution.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica H. van Wonderen, Jason C. Crack, Marcus J. Edwards, Thomas A. Clarke, Gerhard Saalbach, Carlo Martins, Julea N. Butt
Summary: Electrogenic bacteria transfer excess respiratory electrons to metal oxide particles and electrodes through the MtrCAB complex. The crystal structure of MtrCAB from S. baltica OS185 was resolved, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used to determine the mass values of the three proteins in purified MtrCAB complexes.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi-Ming Chen, Ching-Tai Lu, Chia-Wen Wang, Wolfgang B. Fischer
Summary: A series of dye ligands were ranked based on docking experiments, selecting the most suitable ligands for binding with different proteins. Additionally, a comparison study was conducted on a series of repurposing drugs and known antivirals.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES
(2024)
