Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Leonardo H. Eusebi, Andrea Telese, Giovanna G. Cirota, Rehan Haidry, Rocco M. Zagari, Franco Bazzoli, Alexander C. Ford
Summary: Gastro-oesophageal reflux is the main risk factor for Barrett's oesophagus, with alcohol consumption and hiatal hernia showing the strongest association with its development. Other potential risk factors such as smoking and obesity did not show significant correlation.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahsen Ustaoglu, Philip Woodland
Summary: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) affects a significant portion of Western populations and the mechanisms behind heartburn pathogenesis are not fully understood. Recent studies have highlighted the role of neurochemical, inflammatory, and cellular changes in the esophageal mucosa itself. The localization and neurochemical characterization of sensory nerve endings differ among GORD phenotypes and may explain why patients with similar levels of reflux experience different symptoms. This review investigates the role of peripheral mechanisms in sensitizing esophageal sensitivity in GORD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Leonardo Henry Eusebi, Giovanna Grazia Cirota, Rocco Maurizio Zagari, Alexander Charles Ford
Summary: Chronic gastro-oesophageal reflux can lead to the development of Barrett's oesophagus or oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Global prevalence of Barrett's oesophagus varies geographically and is significantly higher in men. Low-grade dysplasia is common in histologically confirmed cases of Barrett's oesophagus.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Chamara Basnayake, Annelies Geeraerts, Ans Pauwels, Ger Koek, Michael Vaezi, Tim Vanuytsel, Jan Tack
Summary: The prevalence of duodenogastroesophageal reflux (DGER) increases with more advanced esophageal lesions in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and persists in patients on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. PPIs appear to be effective in treating DGER, but further research is needed for future therapies.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Rachel Xue Ning Lee, Nayer Rizkallah, Sonja Chiappetta, Christine Stier, Sjaak Pouwels, Nasser Sakran, Rishi Singhal, Kamal Mahawar, Brijesh Madhok
Summary: Revisional surgery after OAGB for GORD is rare, and the conversion to Roux-en-Y configuration is the most common choice when required.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ioannis Savvas, Kiriaki Pavlidou, Tilemachos Anagnostou, Eugenia Flouraki, George Kazakos, Dimitrios Raptopoulos
Summary: This systematic review investigates the effect of preoperative fasting duration and drugs on gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in dogs and cats during anaesthesia. The study found that many factors seem to affect the development of GOR, but due to the limited number of studies and low level of evidence, no reliable conclusions can be drawn.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kentaro Sugano, Stuart Jon Spechler, Emad M. El-Omar, Kenneth E. L. McColl, Kaiyo Takubo, Takuji Gotoda, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Katsunori Iijima, Haruhiro Inoue, Takashi Kawai, Yoshikazu Kinoshita, Hiroto Miwa, Ken-ichi Mukaisho, Kazunari Murakami, Yasuyuki Seto, Hisao Tajiri, Shobna Bhatia, Myung-Gyu Choi, Rebecca C. Fitzgerald, Kwong Ming Fock, Khean-Lee Goh, Khek Yu Ho, Varocha Mahachai, Maria O'Donovan, Robert Odze, Richard Peek, Massimo Rugge, Prateek Sharma, Jose D. Sollano, Michael Vieth, Justin Wu, Ming-Shiang Wu, Duowu Zou, Michio Kaminishi, Peter Malfertheiner
Summary: This study aims to achieve international consensus on the new definitions of Barrett's esophagus, gastro-esophageal junction, and gastro-esophageal junctional zone, which will provide support for future research addressing many issues concerning this important anatomical area and hopefully lead to improved classification and management of diseases related to the gastro-esophageal junction.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna Plocek, Beata Gebora-Kowalska, Wojciech Fendler, Ewa Toporowska-Kowalska
Summary: Diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in children with chronic neurological impairment remains a clinical challenge. This study validated reference values for assessing GOR in these children and determined the optimal cut-off level of the pH-impedance parameter for predicting endoscopic outcomes. Endoscopic findings showed that even with a low number of GOR episodes recorded by pH-impedance, children with chronic NI may still have endoscopic lesions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manar Yanes, Giola Santoni, John Maret-Ouda, Sheraz Markar, Eivind Ness-Jensen, Joonas Kauppila, Martti Farkkila, Elsebeth Lynge, Eero Pukkala, Laufey Tryggvadottir, My Von Euler-Chelpin, Jesper Lagergren
Summary: The study reveals that laparoscopic antireflux surgery has a favorable safety profile in the treatment of gastro-esophageal reflux disease, especially in younger patients without severe comorbidity who undergo surgery at high-volume centers.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Laurence D. W. Luu, Harveen Singh, Natalia Castano-Rodriguez, Steven T. Leach, Stephen M. Riordan, Nicodemus Tedla, Usha Krishnan, Nadeem O. Kaakoush
Summary: This study investigates the diversity of upper gastrointestinal microbiotas in pediatric patients. It finds significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition among oral, esophageal, and gastric samples, while fungi show no replication of these differences. Reflux leads to increased homogeneity in the bacterial component of these microbiotas. Oral and esophageal microbiotas are associated with age, sex, history of esophageal atresia, and the presence of esophageal metaplasia. Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased oral bacterial richness in the gastric fluid and increased levels of gastric pro-inflammatory cytokines.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Surgery
M. Yanes, G. Santoni, J. Maret-Ouda, E. Ness-Jensen, M. Farkkila, E. Lynge, E. Pukkala, P. Romundstad, L. Tryggvadottir, M. Von Euler Chelpin, J. Lagergren
Summary: The study showed that antireflux surgery with fundoplication is associated with lower mortality rates from all causes, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, laryngeal or pharyngeal cancer, and lung cancer in patients with reflux oesophagitis or Barrett's oesophagus, compared with antireflux medication. However, there was no difference in mortality rates from oesophageal cancer between the two treatment methods.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jue-Sheng Ong, Jiyuan An, Xikun Han, Matthew H. Law, Priyanka Nandakumar, Johannes Schumacher, Ines Gockel, Anne Bohmer, Janusz Jankowski, Claire Palles, Catherine M. Olsen, Rachel E. Neale, Rebecca Fitzgerald, Aaron P. Thrift, Thomas L. Vaughan, Matthew F. Buas, David A. Hinds, Puya Gharahkhani, Bradley J. Kendall, Stuart MacGregor
Summary: Researchers identified numerous novel risk loci for GERD and BE using a multitrait GWAS model, providing strong evidence for a genetic basis of disease heterogeneity in GERD. They showed that GERD loci associated with obesity are better predictors of BE/EA compared to those associated with depressive symptoms.
Article
Pathology
Kevan J. Salimian, Jacqueline Birkness-Gartman, Kevin M. Waters
Summary: This review summarizes the important steps and features in the progression from reflux esophagitis to Barrett esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma. The histological features of these entities are discussed, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and management. The definition of Barrett esophagus is a contentious topic, and the assessment of dysplasia in esophageal adenocarcinoma remains challenging. Emerging targeted therapies and ancillary tests are also discussed.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ronnie Fass, Guy E. Boeckxstaens, Hashem El-Serag, Rachel Rosen, Daniel Sifrim, Michael F. Vaezi
Summary: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease is common in adults and children, with diagnosis primarily based on history, physical examination, and treatment varying with age. Treatment options include medications, endoscopic interventions, or surgery.
NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Menglei Wang, Enzhe Lou, Zengfu Xue
Summary: Intestinal metaplasia (IM), a precancerous lesion of gastric cancer (GC), is the transformation of non-intestinal epithelium into intestinal-like mucosa. It greatly increases the risk of developing the intestinal type of GC, commonly found in the stomach and esophagus. Recent studies have confirmed that bile acids (BAs), present in gastric and duodenal contents, play a role in the occurrence and development of IM and Barrett's esophagus (BE). This review aims to discuss the mechanism of IM induced by bile acids, providing a foundation for improving current management strategies for BE and IM.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)