Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wenhua Yang, Daniil G. Ivanov, Igor A. Kaltashov
Summary: Mass spectrometry is an indispensable tool for structural characterization and quality control of monoclonal antibodies, with intact-mass analysis providing valuable insights into protein structure and interactions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amelie Bos, Melissa M. J. van Gool, Annelot C. Breedveld, Richard van der Mast, Casper Marsman, Gerd Bouma, Mark A. van de Wiel, S. Marieke van Ham, Reina E. Mebius, Marjolein van Egmond
Summary: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exhibit enhanced production of immunoglobulin A (IgA) against microbiota, which is associated with disease severity. This study demonstrates the close interaction between Fc alpha RI-expressing myeloid cells and B lymphocytes in IBD patients, as well as the production of cytokines and chemokines that promote IgA switching in B cells. These findings suggest that excessive IgA production in IBD may be mediated through the activation of myeloid cells by IgA complexes, highlighting a potential therapeutic target.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Robert C. Kauffman, Oluwaseyi Adekunle, Hanyi Yu, Alice Cho, Lindsay E. Nyhoff, Meagan Kelly, Jason B. Harris, Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, Firdausi Oadri, Stephen B. Calderwood, Richelle C. Charles, Edward T. Ryan, Jun Kong, Jens Wrammert
Summary: The properties and protective mechanisms of functionally relevant antibodies against Vibrio cholerae have been investigated, showing that affinity, immunoglobulin isotype, and subclass do not directly dictate functional potency. Importantly, low-affinity variants displayed comparable agglutination and motility inhibition properties to high-affinity antibodies, suggesting that the way the antibody binds to the O-antigen may be critical to function.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Li Ding, Xiangqin Chen, Hongwei Cheng, Tiantian Zhang, Zheng Li
Summary: IgA is an important immunoglobulin in mucosal immunity, playing a role in protecting the mucosal surface and maintaining the homeostasis of intestinal flora. The glycosylation of IgA affects its immune function and is related to autoimmune diseases. However, the pathogenic mechanism of IgA glycosylation in these diseases is still unclear. This paper summarizes the recent research on IgA's glycan structure, function, its relationship with diseases, and the potential application of glycoengineered IgA in clinical antibody therapeutics.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Radhika Gudi, Diane Kamen, Chenthamarakshan Vasu
Summary: For the first time, this study reveals that systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients have higher abundances of gut permeability marker Zonulin and IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses in their fecal samples. The study also shows that SLE patients have higher reactivity levels of fecal IgA and subclasses, particularly IgA1, towards nuclear antigens (nAg). These findings suggest compromised epithelial barrier function and pro-inflammatory characteristics in the small intestine of SLE patients.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Helena Car, Gonca E. Karahan, Geertje J. Dreyer, Simone H. Brand-Schaaf, Aiko P. J. de Vries, Cees van Kooten, Cynthia S. M. Kramer, Dave L. Roelen, Frans H. J. Claas, Sebastiaan Heidt
Summary: The study modified the IgG HLA antibody detection method and developed a new method for screening IgA HLA antibodies. Results of the study indicate a low incidence of IgA HLA antibodies in individuals exposed to alloantigens.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aleksandra Rodak, Katharina Stadlbauer, Madhusudhan Reddy Bobbili, Oskar Smrzka, Florian Rueker, Gordana Wozniak Knopp
Summary: This study developed an antibody-drug conjugate that showed cytotoxicity for IgE-positive cells. The antibody had fast internalization and strict target specificity, providing a valuable starting point for the development of an anti-IgE cell-depleting agent.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Joel R. Wilmore, Brian T. Gaudette, Daniela Gomez Atria, Rebecca L. Rosenthal, Sarah Kim Reiser, Wenzhao Meng, Aaron M. Rosenfeld, Eline T. Luning Prak, David Allman
Summary: IgA(+) plasma cells in both the small intestine lamina propria and the bone marrow are long-lived and transcriptionally related compared to IgG and IgM expressing bone marrow plasma cells. Systemic and mucosal IgA(+) plasma cells are from a common source, but they do not migrate between tissues. Comparison of plasma cells from the small intestine lamina propria to the bone marrow demonstrate a tissue specific gene transcription program.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Delphine Sterlin, Guy Gorochov
Summary: IgA is shown to be more effective in recruiting neutrophils for tumor cell killing and active against various pathogens. It can also modulate immune responses in inflammatory diseases and promote healthy microbiota formation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Wei, Ji-Yang Wang
Summary: Transcytosis of polymeric IgA and IgM mediated by pIgR is essential for mucosal immunity. The J chain plays a crucial role in the formation and recognition of polymeric IgA and IgM by pIgR, while MZB1 may act as a regulator to facilitate IgA and IgM transcytosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taro Misaki, Shuhei Naka, Hitoshi Suzuki, Mingfeng Lee, Ryosuke Aoki, Yasuyuki Nagasawa, Daiki Matsuoka, Seigo Ito, Ryota Nomura, Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano, Yusuke Suzuki, Kazuhiko Nakano
Summary: The presence of cnm-positive S. mutans is associated with IgAN, but the exact mechanism is unclear. This study found a significant association between the glomerular staining intensity of IgA and the positive rate of cnm-positive S. mutans. There was also a significant association between the glomerular staining intensity of Gd-IgA1 and the positive rate of cnm-positive S. mutans.
Article
Immunology
John T. Prior, Vanessa M. Limbert, Rebecca M. Horowitz, Shaina J. D'Souza, Louay Bachnak, Matthew S. Godwin, David L. Bauer, Jaikin E. Harrell, Lisa A. Morici, Justin J. Taylor, James B. McLachlan
Summary: The study shows that certain adjuvants can promote the migration of vaccine-specific B cells to the gut, even when the vaccine is given via non-mucosal routes. The adjuvant double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) induces a robust response of vaccine-specific B cells in mucosal tissues, such as the lungs, lamina propria of the large intestines, and Peyer's patches. Compared to the TLR9 ligand adjuvant CpG, only dmLT is able to drive the differentiation and residence of antigen-specific B cells in the mucosal tissues when the vaccine is administered non-mucosally. These findings could have a fundamental impact on the formulation and delivery of future vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Johanna M. Smeekens, Brandi T. Johnson-Weaver, Andrew L. Hinton, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Timothy P. Moran, Robert M. Immormino, Janelle R. Kesselring, Erin C. Steinbach, Kelly A. Orgel, Herman F. Staats, A. Wesley Burks, Peter J. Mucha, Martin T. Ferris, Michael D. Kulis
Summary: The study found that CC027/GeniUnc mice developed antigen-specific IgE responses to peanuts, walnuts, and eggs, but not milk, while C3H/HeJ mice were not sensitized to any antigen. Sensitized CC027/GeniUnc mice showed significant differences in gut microbiome composition and numbers of immune cells. These results suggest that there are multiple factors associated with enteric sensitization, including decreased fecal IgA levels, increased allergen absorption, and altered gut microbiome composition.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Paulo C. G. Silva, Larissa S. Jesus, Maria Isabel Schinoni, Isabela S. Oliveira, Maria Luiza B. S. Atta, Ajax M. Atta
Summary: In this study, the IgE immune response to HCV antigens in chronic hepatitis C patients before and after antiviral treatment was investigated. Anti-core, anti-NS3, and anti-NS4 IgE antibodies were prevalent, while anti-NS5 IgE antibodies were less common, and antiviral treatment reduced the production of the former three. Anti-NS3 IgE antibodies may be useful in diagnosing occult hepatitis C and monitoring antiviral treatment.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Zicheng Liu, Daria Trifonova, Inna Tulaeva, Ksenja Riabova, Antonina Karsonova, Evgeny Kozlov, Olga Elisyutina, Musa Khaitov, Margarete Focke-Tejkl, Ting-Huan Chen, Alexander Karaulov, Rudolf Valenta
Summary: Albumins from animals are highly cross-reactive allergens for patients suffering from IgE-mediated allergy. The mechanisms of albumin sensitization have not yet been investigated in detail, but it is important for the development of allergen-specific prevention and immunotherapy strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Stephen D. Graham, Huy A. Tu, Benjamin D. McElvany, Nancy R. Graham, Ariadna Grinyo, Edgar Davidson, Benjamin J. Doranz, Sean A. Diehl, Aravinda M. de Silva, Alena Janda Markmann
Summary: The study characterized a strongly neutralizing antibody B11F isolated from a patient who recovered from ZIKV, revealing a new target site on the viral envelope. This is relevant for understanding how antibodies block infection and guiding the design and evaluation of candidate vaccines.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Alena J. Markmann, Natasa Giallourou, D. Ryan Bhowmik, Yixuan J. Hou, Aaron Lerner, David R. Martinez, Lakshmanane Premkumar, Heather Root, David van Duin, Sonia Napravnik, Stephen D. Graham, Quique Guerra, Rajendra Raut, Christos J. Petropoulos, Terri Wrin, Caleb Cornaby, John Schmitz, JoAnn Kuruc, Susan Weiss, Yara Park, Ralph Baric, Aravinda M. de Silva, David M. Margolis, Luther A. Bartelt
Summary: In this study, it was found that neutralizing antibody responses in COVID-19 convalescent individuals vary in magnitude but are durable. Higher neutralizing antibody titers are independently and significantly associated with male sex, as well as with increased age and symptom grade in male donors. Cardiometabolic comorbidities are also associated with higher antibody titers independently of sex.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Md S. Bhuiyan, Ben J. Brintz, Alana L. Whitcombe, Alena J. Markmann, Luther A. Bartelt, Nicole J. Moreland, Andrew S. Azman, Daniel T. Leung
Summary: This study used random forest models to analyze antibody biomarkers in serosurveillance and found that a single spike or receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody was sufficient for classifying infection, while a combination of two antibody biomarkers performed better in estimating time-since-infection. Nucleocapsid antibodies performed worse in classification, but can be useful for estimating time-since-infection and distinguishing infection-induced from vaccine-induced responses.
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maggie P. Wear, Ella Jacobs, Siqing Wang, Scott A. McConnell, Anthony Bowen, Camilla Strother, Radames J. B. Cordero, Conor J. Crawford, Arturo Casadevall
Summary: This study developed new physical and enzymatic methods for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans capsule polysaccharides (CPSs) and explored their architecture and synthesis. Soluble CPS preparations were obtained through sonication or Glucanex enzyme cocktail digestion, while capsule ghosts were produced through cell disruption after Glucanex digestion, suggesting an inherent organization of CPS independent of the cell wall. The noncytotoxic sonication and Glucanex digestion also allowed the observation of capsule rebuilding and the presence of reducing end glycans throughout the capsule. Analysis of CPS preparations further revealed the conservation of glucuronoxylomannan motifs in sonicated CPS only. These findings provide new insights into capsule structure and assembly.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Emily J. Ciccone, Alena J. Markmann, Megan L. Srinivas, Kara J. Levinson, Melissa B. Miller, David van Duin, Cynthia L. Gay
Summary: This is the first documented case of JCV in North Carolina, where a liver transplant patient presented with acute symptoms including headache, aphasia, and confusion. Additionally, it is the first report of successful recovery from JCV encephalitis through treatment with intravenous immune globulin.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Shmuel Shoham, Evan M. Bloch, Arturo Casadevall, Daniel Hanley, Bryan Lau, Kelly Gebo, Edward Cachay, Seble G. Kassaye, James H. Paxton, Jonathan Gerber, Adam C. Levine, Arash Naeim, Judith Currier, Bela Patel, Elizabeth S. Allen, Shweta Anjan, Lawrence Appel, Sheriza Baksh, Paul W. Blair, Anthony Bowen, Patrick Broderick, Christopher A. Caputo, Valerie Cluzet, Marie Elena Cordisco, Daniel Cruser, Stephan Ehrhardt, Donald Forthal, Yuriko Fukuta, Amy L. Gawad, Thomas Gniadek, Jean Hammel, Moises A. Huaman, Douglas A. Jabs, Anne Jedlicka, Nicky Karlen, Sabra Klein, Oliver Laeyendecker, Karen Lane, Nichol McBee, Barry Meisenberg, Christian Merlo, Giselle Mosnaim, Han Sol Park, Andrew Pekosz, Joann Petrini, William Rausch, David M. Shade, Janna R. Shapiro, J. Robinson Singleton, Catherine Sutcliffe, David L. Thomas, Anusha Yarava, Martin Zand, Jonathan M. Zenilman, Aaron A. R. Tobian, David J. Sullivan
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of high titer convalescent plasma with standard plasma in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection among exposed but uninfected individuals. The results showed that high titer convalescent plasma did not prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Cesar A. Lopez, Clark H. Cunningham, Sierra Pugh, Katerina Brandt, Usaphea P. Vanna, Matthew J. Delacruz, Quique Guerra, D. Ryan Bhowmik, Samuel J. Goldstein, Yixuan J. Hou, Margaret Gearhart, Christine Wiethorn, Candace Pope, Carolyn Amditis, Kathryn Pruitt, Cinthia Newberry-Dillon, John L. Schmitz, Lakshmanane Premkumar, Adaora A. Adimora, Ralph S. Baric, Michael Emch, Ross M. Boyce, Allison E. Aiello, Bailey K. Fosdick, Daniel B. Larremore, Aravinda M. de Silva, Jonathan J. Juliano, Alena J. Markmann
Summary: This study reveals the estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in North Carolina in 2020, as well as the exposure disparities among different ethnoracial groups. Latinx individuals have the highest odds of exposure, and nearly half of seropositive individuals have detectable neutralizing antibodies, highlighting the importance of vaccination despite prior exposure.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qian Wang, Yicheng Guo, Sho Iketani, Manoj S. Nair, Zhiteng Li, Hiroshi Mohri, Maple Wang, Jian Yu, Anthony D. Bowen, Jennifer Y. Chang, Jayesh G. Shah, Nadia Nguyen, Zhiwei Chen, Kathrine Meyers, Michael T. Yin, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Zizhang Sheng, Yaoxing Huang, Lihong Liu, David D. Ho
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have become dominant in the United States and South Africa, raising concerns about their ability to evade neutralizing antibodies and compromise the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutic monoclonals. A systematic antigenic analysis reveals that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 have different levels of resistance to antibodies, with BA.2.12.1 being modestly resistant and BA.4/5 being substantially resistant. Certain mutations in the spike protein facilitate antibody escape, but compromise the spike affinity for the viral receptor. Only bebtelovimab retains full potency against both subvariants.
Article
Immunology
Anthony Bowen, Jason Zucker, Yanhan Shen, Simian Huang, Qiheng Yan, Medini K. Annavajhala, Anne-Catrin Uhlemann, Louise Kuhn, Magdalena Sobieszczyk, Delivette Castor
Summary: Using clinical and demographic data from COVID-19 hospitalizations at a tertiary New York City medical center, researchers found that a reduction in in-hospital mortality during the second epidemic wave was associated with decreased strain on healthcare resources. Adjusting for the volume of COVID-19 admissions accounted for the mortality difference between waves. This research suggests the importance of evidence-based patient risks, treatment paradigms, and augmenting hospital capacity in preparing for future epidemics.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Wang, Sho Lekthan, Zhiten Li, Liyua Liu, Yichen Guo, Yiming Huang, Anthony D. Bowen, Michael Liu, Maple Wang, Jian Yu, Riccardo Valdez, Adam S. Lauring, Zizhang Sheng, Harris H. Wang, Aubree Gordon, Lihong Liu, David D. Ho
Summary: The BQ and XBB subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, with additional spike mutations, are rapidly expanding and have altered antibody evasion properties. Neutralization of BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, and XBB.1 by vaccinated individuals and infected persons' sera was significantly impaired, including those boosted with a WA1/BA.5 bivalent mRNA vaccine. The titers against BQ and XBB subvariants were much lower than observed before, indicating that these subvariants pose a serious threat to current COVID-19 vaccines and render all authorized antibodies inactive.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Qian Wang, Anthony Bowen, Riccardo Valdez, Carmen Gherasim, Aubree Gordon, Lihong Liu, David D. D. Ho
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heather B. Root, Matt Gilleskie, Chih-Huan Lu, Andrew Gilmore, Mariama Evans, Bridget G. Nelson, William Johnson, Brian Gurney, JoAnn Kuruc, Alena J. Markmann, Amir H. Barzin, David A. Wohl, William A. Fischer, Yara A. Park, Susan Weiss, Sonia Napravnik, Ralph Baric, Aravinda M. de Silva, Anne M. Lachiewicz, David van Duin, David M. Margolis, Michael E. Herce, Luther A. Bartelt
Summary: Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has gained significant scientific and clinical interest. However, there is a lack of research on implementation outcomes. This study evaluates a local CCP program at a U.S. academic medical center and provides insights into the implementation process and outcomes. It was found that rapid implementation of a CCP program can be achieved through redeployment of highly trained personnel.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Qian Wang, Anthony Bowen, Anthony R. Tam, Riccardo Valdez, Emily Stoneman, Ian A. Mellis, Aubree Gordon, Lihong Liu, David Ho
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manoj S. Nair, Ruy M. Ribeiro, Maple Wang, Anthony D. Bowen, Lihong Liu, Yicheng Guo, Jennifer Y. Chang, Pengfei Wang, Zizhang Sheng, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Alan S. Perelson, Yaoxing Huang, David D. Ho
Summary: A study examined the durability and breadth of serum-neutralizing antibody responses against different SARS-CoV-2 variants after receiving the original COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. The decay half-lives of WA1 and Delta-nAbs were found to be approximately 60 days after the second and third vaccine doses. Surprisingly, the serum antibodies neutralizing three different Omicron subvariants showed much better durability with a half-life of >= 6 months. Furthermore, booster doses of the original COVID-19 vaccine were found to broaden antibody responses against multiple sarbecoviruses, suggesting potential protection against future spillover from animal reservoirs.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Emily J. Ciccone, Paul N. Zivich, Evans K. Lodge, Deanna Zhu, Elle Law, Elyse Miller, Jasmine L. Taylor, Suemin Chung, Jason Xu, Alexander Volfovsky, Cherese Beatty, Haley Abernathy, Elise King, Haley E. Garrett, Alena J. Markmann, Meghan E. Rebuli, Subhashini Sellers, David J. Weber, Raquel Reyes, Naseem Alavian, Jonathan J. Juliano, Ross M. Boyce, Allison E. Aiello
Summary: This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare personnel at a tertiary care medical center, while actively monitoring PPE use, interactions between participants, secondary cases in households, and participant mental health. Data collection is ongoing and expected to continue through September 2021, with the goal of understanding SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks in healthcare settings and the community.
JMIR RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
(2021)