Review
Immunology
Andrei A. Deviatkin, Ruslan A. Simonov, Kseniya A. Trutneva, Anna A. Maznina, Anastasiia B. Soroka, Anna A. Kogan, Sofya G. Feoktistova, Elena M. Khavina, Olga N. Mityaeva, Pavel Y. Volchkov
Summary: Recently, the mRNA platform has become the method of choice in vaccine development to find new ways to fight infectious diseases. However, mRNA vaccines have the drawback of requiring special storage conditions, making them less accessible. Circular mRNAs have been proposed as a solution to this problem, as they lack the ends that are susceptible to degradation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on cap-independent translation initiation methods for circular mRNAs and discusses their potential effectiveness in developing vaccines and other biotechnological products.
Article
Cell Biology
Ziqian Shen, Abby Hinson, Richard A. Miller, Gonzalo G. Garcia
Summary: The study suggests that rapamycin and acarbose can prevent age-related declines in cap-independent translation (CIT) target proteins in both sexes, while 17 alpha-estradiol has a similar effect only in males. The activity of mTORC1 is blocked by rapamycin, acarbose, and 17 alpha-estradiol in age-related increases. The increase in METTL3 activity and CIT-dependent proteins may represent a shared pathway for both long-lived mutant mice and drug-induced lifespan extension in mice.
Review
Cell Biology
Helena Jaramillo-Mesa, Aurelie M. Rakotondrafara
Summary: Regulation of protein synthesis is crucial for potyviral pathogenicity. The potyviral RNA genome lacks a 5' cap but uses cis-acting elements to recruit the translation machinery for protein synthesis. Different translation mechanisms, such as scanning-dependent mechanism and internal initiation, are employed by the Potyviridae family, with the viral protein VPg playing a stimulatory role. These mechanisms have implications for potyviral pathogenicity and can inform strategies for crop resistance breeding and biotechnological protein production.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Keiko Miyoshi, Hiroko Hagita, Taigo Horiguchi, Ayako Tanimura, Takafumi Noma
Summary: This study redefines the structure of the glucocerebrosidase coding gene and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms of its transcription and translation. The research discovers alternative uses of gene promoters in macrophages and neutrophils, as well as cap-independent translation through internal ribosome entry site activities. Furthermore, it reveals reciprocal expression between GBA and miR22-3p versus GBAP1 transcripts during macrophage differentiation.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Nana Wang, Haiwei Wang, Jiabao Shi, Chen Li, Xinran Liu, Junhao Fan, Chao Sun, Craig E. Cameron, Hong Qi, Li Yu
Summary: Senecavirus A (SVA) is a picornavirus that causes vesicular disease in swine and is the only member of its genus. The IRES in SVA plays a crucial role in cap-independent translation. Studies have shown that the stem-loop I element in SVA's IRES is essential for IRES activity and viral replication.
Article
Plant Sciences
Helena Jaramillo-Mesa, Emma Fischer, Aurelie M. Rakotondrafara
Summary: Diverse elements within the 5' untranslated region of mRNA can affect translation efficiency. This study reveals the cooperative role of multiple CU-rich segments flanking the TriMV YX-AUG motif in internal initiation of translation. These auxiliary domains may enhance ribosome capacity and delivery to the correct initiation site.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guowei Geng, Chengming Yu, Xuefeng Yuan
Summary: This study found that the IRES activity of RNA2 in wheat yellow mosaic virus varies. Through analysis of RNA structure and mutagenesis, it was found that certain structural elements in the LYJN isolate synergistically ensure higher IRES activity. Additionally, both the HC and LYJN isolates have conserved structural elements that ensure basic IRES activity. This study reveals a novel evolution pattern of IRES, regulating IRES activity by altering the number of eIF4E-binding sites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2024)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rene van Tienhoven, Maria J. L. Kracht, Arno R. van der Slik, Sofia Thomaidou, Anouk H. G. Wolters, Ben N. G. Giepmans, Juan Pablo Romero Riojas, Michael S. Nelson, Francoise Carlotti, Eelco J. P. de Koning, Rob C. Hoeben, Arnaud Zaldumbide, Bart O. Roep
Summary: Transcriptome analysis identified insulin-gene-derived transcripts in non-beta endocrine islet cells. Researchers studied alternative splicing of human INS mRNA in pancreatic islets and found an alternatively spliced INS product that is expressed in delta cells but not in beta cells. This variant encodes the complete insulin signal peptide and B chain, and its presence in delta cells may play a role in islet autoimmunity and pathology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dinesh Babu Paudel, Helene Sanfacon
Summary: Tomato ringspot virus is a bipartite positive-strand RNA virus, with a non-canonical cap-independent translation initiation mechanism. Through studies, potential translation-enhancing elements in the 3' UTR of RNA2 were identified.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rikard G. Fred, Santosh Kumar Boddeti, Marcus Lundberg, Nils Welsh
Article
Cell Biology
Rikard G. Fred, Camilla Kappe, Adam Ameur, Jing Cen, Peter Bergsten, Phillippe Ravassard, Raphael Scharfmann, Nils Welsh
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mia Abels, Matteo Riva, Hedvig Bennet, Emma Ahlqvist, Oleg Dyachok, Vini Nagaraj, Liliya Shcherbina, Rikard G. Fred, Wenny Poon, Maria Sorhede-Winzell, Joao Fadista, Andreas Lindqvist, Lena Kask, Ramasri Sathanoori, Marloes Dekker-Nitert, Michael J. Kuhar, Bo Ahren, Claes B. Wollheim, Ola Hansson, Anders Tengholm, Malin Fex, Erik Renstrom, Leif Groop, Valeriya Lyssenko, Nils Wierup
Article
Reproductive Biology
Andreas Ejdesjo, Sebastian Brings, Thomas Fleming, Rikard G. Fred, Peter P. Nawroth, Ulf J. Eriksson
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Camilla Krizhanovskii, Rikard G. Fred, Marie E. Oskarsson, Gunilla T. Westermark, Nils Welsh
UPSALA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2017)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. Mokhtari, A. Al-Amin, K. Turpaev, T. Li, O. Idevall-Hagren, J. Li, A. Wuttke, R. G. Fred, P. Ravassard, R. Scharfmann, A. Tengholm, N. Welsh
Review
Cell Biology
Rikard G. Fred, Nils Welsh
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2009)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ebrahim Anvari, Rikard G. Fred, Nils Welsh
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rikard G. Fred, Claus H. Bang-Berthelsen, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Lars G. Grunnet, Nils Welsh
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nina Kimer, Henning Gronbaek, Rikard Goran Fred, Torben Hansen, Atul Shahaji Deshmukh, Mathias Mann, Flemming Bendtsen
Article
Cell Biology
Jonas B. Jensen, Andreas B. Moller, Jesper Just, Maike Mose, Frank de Paoli, Tine B. Billeskov, Rikard G. Fred, Tune H. Pers, Steen B. Pedersen, Klaus K. Petersen, Mette Bjerre, Jean Farup, Niels Jessen
Summary: Animal models and research on muscle wasting in humans indicate that mononuclear cells are crucial in maintaining skeletal muscle mass. However, methodological and ethical constraints hinder research on mononuclear cells in human skeletal muscle.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jean Farup, Jesper Just, Frank de Paoli, Lin Lin, Jonas Brorson Jensen, Tine Billeskov, Ines Sanchez Roman, Cagla Comert, Andreas Buch Moller, Luca Madaro, Elena Groppa, Rikard Goran Fred, Ulla Kampmann, Lars C. Gormsen, Steen B. Pedersen, Peter Bross, Tinna Stevnsner, Nikolaj Eldrup, Tune H. Pers, Fabio M. V. Rossi, Pier Lorenzo Puri, Niels Jessen
Summary: In Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), skeletal muscle shows degenerative remodeling of the extracellular matrix associated with an increase in a subpopulation of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) expressing THY1 (CD90). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) plays a key role in regulating FAPs, promoting proliferation and collagen production while reducing adipogenesis. Treatment with metformin can reduce the proliferation of FAP(CD90+) and decrease FAP content in T2DM patients, highlighting a PDGF-driven conversion of FAP subpopulation as a crucial event in fibrosis development in T2DM muscle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rikard G. Fred, Julie Steen Pedersen, Jonatan J. Thompson, Julie Lee, Pascal N. Timshel, Stefan Stender, Marte Opseth Rygg, Lise Lotte Gluud, Viggo Bjerregaard Kristiansen, Flemming Bendtsen, Torben Hansen, Tune H. Pers
Summary: This study aims to identify specific transcriptional patterns in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to enhance our understanding of the disease. By performing single-cell RNA sequencing on liver biopsies from 10 NASH patients, the study provides comprehensive insights into the pathology of NASH in humans. The findings suggest that previously identified NASH-associated macrophages are actually subpopulations of liver macrophages that are up-regulated. Additionally, the study identifies two distinct populations of activated hepatic stellate cells associated with the level of fibrosis. Furthermore, the study reveals co-regulation of circulating markers of NAFLD with predicted effector genes from NAFLD genome-wide association studies (GWAS), as well as abnormalities in the complement system in hepatocytes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rikard G. Fred, Syrina Mehrabi, Christopher M. Adams, Nils Welsh
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soojung Hahn, Gyuri Kim, Sang-Man Jin, Jae Hyeon Kim
Summary: This study utilized three-dimensional intestinal organoids to investigate the effects of metformin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and found that metformin can enhance intestinal barrier function and reduce levels of inflammatory cytokines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. V. Sudarev, M. S. Gette, S. V. Bazhenov, O. M. Tilinova, E. V. Zinovev, I. V. Manukhov, A. I. Kuklin, Yu. L. Ryzhykau, A. V. Vlasov
Summary: This study investigated the self-assembly processes of ferritin-based protein complexes and obtained structurally characterized oligomeric states. These results provide new potential and opportunities for the application of ferritin in various fields.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yalda Sabaghi, Farnaz Pourfarzad, Leila Zolghadr, Azita Bahrami, Tahereh Shojazadeh, Alireza Farasat, Nematollah Gheibi
Summary: p-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a plant compound with anti-cancer activities. This study designed a nano-liposomal carrier containing p-CA to enhance its effectiveness against melanoma cells. The findings showed that the liposomal form of p-CA had a greater impact on the cells. Kinetic modeling indicated that the best fitting model was zero-order.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. D. Nazmul Hasan, Md Mahfuzur Rahman, Al Asmaul Husna, Nobuhiro Nozaki, Osamu Yamato, Naoki Miura
Summary: This study investigated the expression of ncRNAs other than miRNAs in different histologic subtypes of canine mammary gland tumors (MGT). Three aberrantly expressed ncRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for differentiating MGT subtypes. YRNA and tRFs expression levels were found to be decreased in metastatic compared to primary MGT cell lines.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seine A. Shintani
Summary: In this study, the researchers used signal analysis to study the instantaneous amplitude and phase of sarcomeric oscillations in skeletal muscle. They identified two types of oscillations, sarcomeric oscillations and sarcosynced oscillations, and visualized their behavior during propagating waves. The researchers discovered the presence of sarcomeric defect holes and sarcomeric collision holes, which are important indicators for understanding the oscillation properties of sarcomeres. This finding has important implications for improving our understanding of muscle function and its regulatory mechanisms.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuanglin Zhang, Yuzhong Jia, Guolan Ma, Yanyan Yang, Zhenzhen Cao, Antao Luo, Zefu Zhang, Shihan Li, Jie Wen, Hanfeng Liu, Jihua Ma
Summary: Bupleurum is an antiarrhythmic agent that may exert its effects by inhibiting L-type calcium channels.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomotaka Ohkubo, Yasuhiko Matsumoto, Hiroaki Sasaki, Kaoru Kinoshita, Yuki Ogasawara, Takashi Sugita
Summary: This study found that Citrobacter koseri inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis, disrupting the balance between S. epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus, and exacerbating inflammation in atopic dermatitis.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Toshifumi Asano, Philipp Sasse, Takao Nakata
Summary: A Cre recombination-based fluorescent reporter system was developed to monitor cell-cell fusion. The system successfully detected the formation of multinuclear myotubes and placental syncytiotrophoblast. This tool could facilitate the study of cell-to-cell fusion.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ke Shi, Yunlong Shan, Xiao Sun, Kuida Chen, Qiong Luo, Qiang Xu
Summary: This study found that low expression of TP53INP2 is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. As the malignancy of CRC progresses, TP53INP2 expression gradually decreases. Knockdown of TP53INP2 promotes CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth. Mechanistically, TP53INP2 deficiency decreases phosphorylation of beta-catenin, leading to increased accumulation and enhanced nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity. Additionally, TP53INP2 sequesters TIM50, inhibiting its activation of beta-catenin. In conclusion, downregulation of TP53INP2 promotes CRC progression by activating beta-catenin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Rossi, Fabio Tomaselli, Alejandro Hochkoeppler
Summary: Oligomeric enzymes are known for their higher catalytic rates compared to monomeric enzymes, but the extent of additivity in their activity is still not well understood. This study used tetrameric rabbit lactate dehydrogenase as a model to examine the kinetics of its catalytic action. Surprisingly, when the concentration of the limiting reactant exceeded that of a single subunit, there was a significant slowdown in the enzyme's conformational rearrangements.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amin Sahraei, Mohammad Javad Shamsoddini, Fakhrossadat Mohammadi, Leila Hassani
Summary: This study explored the inhibitory effects of gallium curcumin, indium curcumin, and vanadyl curcumin on the amyloid fibrillation of hen egg white lysozyme, as well as the binding interactions of these metal complexes with the enzyme. The results showed that indium curcumin and vanadyl curcumin exhibited higher binding affinities and stronger inhibitory effects on amyloid fibrillation compared to gallium curcumin.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takahiro Sasaki, Yoshiki Kuse, Shinsuke Nakamura, Masamitsu Shimazawa
Summary: PGRN deficiency plays a significant role in cardiac remodeling and arrhythmias post-myocardial infarction (MI), potentially by promoting metabolic abnormalities in macrophages.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongwei Zhao, Yiqiang Li, Yibo Zhang, Chi Zhang
Summary: Electrical brain stimulation technology is commonly used to treat brain neurological disorders, but it can cause side effects. This study investigated the impact of electric fields on nerve fibers and revealed the possible origin of side effects. The findings provide guidance for selecting electrical parameters in clinical stimulation therapy.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia S. Scott, Lake-Ee Quek, Andrew J. Hoy, Johannes V. Swinnen, Zeyad D. Nassar, Lisa M. Butler
Summary: The fatty acid elongation enzyme ELOVL5 plays a critical role in promoting metastasis in prostate cancer. Knocking down ELOVL5 leads to the accumulation of malonyl-CoA, which inhibits fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria. This study highlights the importance of fatty acid elongation in regulating cell viability and provides a potential target for prostate cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zan Zhou, Wen-jun Jiang, Li Li, Jun-qiang Si
Summary: This study investigates the effect of noise exposure on cognitive function in mice and explores the underlying molecular mechanisms. The findings suggest that noise exposure leads to increased inflammation, increased phosphorylation of Tau protein, and decreased levels of postsynaptic density protein, resulting in cognitive impairment.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)