Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gust Boiten, Robin van Iersel, Rianne Pinxten, Marcel Eens
Summary: Animals use aggression to compete for resources and protect their offspring. This study examined male and female aggression towards opponents of the same and opposite sex in blue tits. The results showed that females were more aggressive, possibly due to competition for nesting sites and larger reproductive investments.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Graham Albert, George B. Richardson, Steven Arnocky, Brian M. Bird, Maryanne Fisher, Jessica K. Hlay, Timothy S. McHale, Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon
Summary: This study aims to explore the factor structure of the Intrasexual Competition Scale (ICS) and its gender equivalence. Study 1 used exploratory factor analysis, which supported a two-factor solution. Study 2A conducted confirmatory factor analysis with an independent sample, and the results showed that the two-factor model had the best fit. Study 2B demonstrated good concurrent validity of the ICS with sociosexuality, mating effort, and sexual behavior.
ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Social
Danielle Sulikowski, Michelle Ensor, Danielle Wagstaff
Summary: Make-up can enhance facial attractiveness, signal competitive intent, and influence perceptions of others. Highly attractive women made up are seen as more aggressive, while less attractive women are perceived as having more leadership potential.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Tommaso Sacca, Gerrit Gort, Erica van de Waal, Charlotte K. Hemelrijk
Summary: In a minority of mammalian species, females dominate a subset of males, which may be attributed to the impact of fights initiated by males on hierarchical differentiation. This computational model was confirmed through experiments on vervet monkeys, showing a positive correlation between the proportion of males and the degree of female dominance over males.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Graham Albert, Erika Wells, Steven Arnocky, Chang Hong Liu, Carolyn R. Hodges-Simeon
Summary: Research has shown that faces manipulated to appear more masculine are perceived as more dominant. Men rated masculinized faces as more dominant even after a brief exposure, indicating an ability to distinguish facial sexual dimorphism. However, recognition memory did not differ between masculinized and feminized faces, potentially due to a floor effect.
AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sam K. Patterson, Shirley C. Strum, Joan B. Silk
Summary: Competition over food is more important than competition over mates for female olive baboons, with lactating and pregnant females being more aggressive and sexually receptive females receiving relatively little aggression. The evolutionary responses of female baboons have evolved to adapt to the competitive pressures they face in their local environments.
Article
Psychology, Social
Danielle Sulikowski, Melinda Williams, Gautami Nair, Brittany Shepherd, Anne Wilson, Audrey Tran, Danielle Wagstaff
Summary: Intrasexual competition between women is often covert and focuses on rivals' appearance. This research investigates how appearance advice serves as a means of female intrasexual competition. The results show that women's intrasexual competitiveness positively predicts how much hair they recommend clients to have cut off, especially when the hair is in good condition and the clients desire minimal haircuts. When considering both studies collectively, women tend to recommend cutting the most hair off clients they perceive to be as attractive as themselves.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Social
Hannah K. Bradshaw, Katja Cunningham, Sarah E. Hill
Summary: The research found that women's preference for male friends is associated with their greater distrust and perceived aggression from female peers, and there is a bidirectional relationship between women's friendship preferences and evaluations by others. Women prefer male friends due to their distrust of female friends and inference of negative traits about women who prefer male friends from other people.
PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2022)
Letter
Psychiatry
Erin McGlade, Elliott Bueler, Jennifer DiMuzio, Chandni Sheth, Margaret Legarreta, Deborah Yurgelun-Todd
Summary: Female Veterans are the fastest growing demographic group in the Department of Veterans Affairs, with increasing suicide rates. The study found that male Veterans reported higher aggression levels compared to female Veterans, and lifetime suicidal behavior was associated with different types of aggression in males and females. These results suggest important differences in the association between aggression and suicidal behavior by sex, with implications for clinical practice.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Social
Xijing Wang, Hao Chen, Zhansheng Chen, Ying Yang
Summary: The research focuses on women's competition for love and the ideal partner in the mating market, revealing a psychological consequence of beautification. Through various data and experiments, it demonstrates the link between women's intrasexual competition and beautification, as well as the impact of self-objectification on women's preference for appearance-oriented products.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chang Peng, Tengyun Guo, Junhan Cheng, Mengni Wang, Fajuan Rong, Shiyang Zhang, Yafei Tan, Hongli Ding, Yan Wang, Yizhen Yu
Summary: This study explores the relationship between Internet addiction (IA) and aggression. The results show that IA is a strong predictor of aggression, but not all sub-types of aggression contribute to IA. Female individuals with IA are more likely to have increased risk of anger and indirect aggression, while having decreased risk of physical and verbal aggression compared to male individuals with IA.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tania A. Reynolds, Jon K. Maner, David A. Frederick, K. Jean Forney, Justin R. Garcia
Summary: The current investigation examined whether women's perceptions of the sex ratio (ratio of women to men) in the local population influence their body dissatisfaction and weight loss motivations. Five studies (N = 1,776) tested the hypotheses that women's perceptions of a female-skewed sex ratio would correspond to increased feelings of intrasexual competitiveness and perceptions of unfavorable mating prospects, which would, in turn, be associated with heightened body dissatisfaction and weight loss motivations. Findings suggest women's perceptions of their social environments may contribute to body image and dieting motivations.
ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jaimie Arona Krems, Scott Claessens, Melissa R. Fales, Marco Campenni, Martie G. Haselton, Athena Aktipis
Summary: There is currently no consensus on why women's ovulation is concealed, with different studies supporting different hypotheses. Research suggests that concealed ovulation may benefit women by avoiding same-sex competition and aggression.
NATURE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leah D. Sheppard, Carrie Cuttler, Eunjeong Shin, Ryan J. McLaughlin
Summary: In work-related tasks, there are differences in salivary cortisol concentrations between male and female participants when working with opposite-sex or same-sex partners.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Communication
Mitch Brown, Kaitlyn Boykin, Donald F. Sacco
Summary: Identifying reproductive opportunities and intrasexual rivals has led to the evolution of sensitivity to features indicative of mate value. This study examines how individuals perceive mate orientations of men and women based on physical features. The results suggest that adiposity is associated with long-term mating orientations, while large muscles and breasts are associated with short-term mating orientations.
JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
(2022)
