Journal
JOURNAL OF ATTENTION DISORDERS
Volume 22, Issue 14, Pages 1299-1306Publisher
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/1087054715577137
Keywords
altitude; ADD/ADHD; hypoxia; NSCH; geographic variation
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Funding
- NIDA NIH HHS [K05 DA031247] Funding Source: Medline
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of altitude on rates of ADHD. As decreased dopamine (DA) activity has been reported with ADHD and hypoxia has shown to be associated with increased DA, we hypothesized that states at higher altitudes would have lower rates of ADHD. Method: State estimates from the 2007 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) report and 2010 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) report were used to extract the percentages of youth ages 4 to 17 diagnosed with ADHD. Results: Both the datasets independently revealed that the prevalence of ADHD decreases with increasing altitude (R-2 = .38, p < .001; R-2 = .31, p < .001), respectively. This study controlled for potential confounds (e.g., low birth weight, ethnicity, and household size). Conclusion: These findings suggest a need for further investigation into the extent by which altitude may serve as a protective factor for ADHD.
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