Journal
AUTOIMMUNITY
Volume 42, Issue 4, Pages 317-321Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/08916930902832124
Keywords
apo; nec; inflammation; signal transduction; phagocytosis
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Funding
- Genzyme, Inc.
- NIH [K01DK071678, AG024234]
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-67101]
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [K01DK071678] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING [R01AG029633, R21AG024234] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Virtually all cells in the body have the capacity to recognize and respond to dead cells. Viable cells discriminate apo from nec targets via distinct cell surface receptors. Engagement of these receptors induces recognition-dependent signaling events in viable responding cells that differ for apo vs. nec targets. Although engulfment-dependent signaling events also contribute to the response by viable cells, these events do not differ for apo vs. nec targets. While many signaling events are conserved across diverse cell lineages, other signaling events, especially those involving Akt, demonstrate lineage-specific variation. Whereas apo targets activate Akt inM Phi, they inhibit Akt in kidney epithelial cells. Differences in the responses to dead targets by viable migratory cells, such as M Phi, and viable fixed cells, such as kidney epithelial cells, permit cell-specific adaptations to local environmental change or stress. We propose that dead cells (apo and nec) act as sentinels to alert nearby viable cells to local environmental change or stress.
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