Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Merri C. Metcalfe, Heather E. Estrada, Stephen S. Jones
Summary: Improved plant breeding and agronomy practices have increased the average size of wheat kernels by 40% globally. However, climate pressures have resulted in smaller kernels being rejected by the commodity system. These smaller kernels have unrealized value for whole-wheat flour production, which can contribute to increased dietary fiber consumption and improved human health.
Review
Agronomy
Kun Luo, Dejia He, Jiao Guo, Guangwei Li, Boliao Li, Xiulin Chen
Summary: Wheat production worldwide is facing challenges from pests and pathogens, as well as the misuse of chemicals, leading to insecticide resistance. The need for sustainable agriculture has led to the breeding of wheat cultivars with durable resistance traits, which are crucial for wheat production. Various genetic breeding techniques have been successfully used to improve wheat cultivars, but there are still challenges in wheat molecular breeding programs. This review summarizes the recent advances and limitations of molecular breeding in common wheat cultivar improvement.
Article
Plant Sciences
Richard B. Flavell
Summary: Epistatic interactions and negative heterosis in wheat have been found to be associated with interchromosomal interactions. Recent studies have produced a genome-wide atlas of functionally paired, interacting regulatory elements and genes in wheat. The integration of these studies provides new perspectives for wheat breeding and enhancing traits.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Jin-Kyung Cha, Hyeonjin Park, Changhyun Choi, Youngho Kwon, So-Myeong Lee, Ki-Won Oh, Jong-Min Ko, Soon-Wook Kwon, Jong-Hee Lee
Summary: In this study, a four-generation advancement system for wheat was established and evaluated, which greatly reduced breeding time compared to traditional field-based methods. The modified speed breeding system, combined with a speed vernalization system, decreased energy use by 80% while maintaining a 22-hour photoperiod. The results from this study are expected to benefit wheat breeders worldwide in incorporating generation acceleration systems into their breeding programs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kohei Mishina, Takako Suzuki, Youko Oono, Yoko Yamashita, Hongjing Zhu, Taiichi Ogawa, Masaru Ohta, Kohei Doman, Wenjing Xu, Daichi Takahashi, Taiga Miyazaki, Akemi Tagiri, Chihiro Soma, Harukuni Horita, Shuhei Nasuda, Romain De Oliveira, Etienne Paux, Guoxiong Chen, Mohammad Pourkheirandish, Jianzhong Wu, Cheng Liu, Takao Komatsuda
Summary: Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) is transmitted by the vector Polymyxa graminis into the roots of its host. The Ym1 and Ym2 genes provide resistance against WYMV, but their mechanisms are not well understood. This study found that Ym1 and Ym2 act in the roots, hindering viral movement or suppressing viral replication. Ym1 reduced viral infection incidence in leaves, while Ym2 did not have an effect. The Ym2 gene was isolated and found to correlate with disease response. Ym2 has undergone structural diversity through translocation and recombination, contributing to the evolution of cultivated wheat.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Wuletaw Tadesse, Samira El-Hanafi, Karim El-Fakhouri, Imane Imseg, Fatima Ezzahra Rachdad, Zakaria El-Gataa, Mustapha El Bouhssini
Summary: The Hessian fly is a significant pest of wheat in various regions, causing substantial yield losses and even crop failure. Genetic diversity in wheat resources has been found to contain resistance genes for the Hessian fly, with some being used in breeding programs. Deploying resistant varieties and implementing integrated management measures are crucial for controlling the Hessian fly.
Article
Agronomy
Yuksel Kaya
Summary: The impact of climate change on Turkey's wheat production, particularly in the winter wheat zones, is severe. Testing winter wheat in the spring wheat zone is a reliable method to predict these effects. The research findings suggest that many winter wheat genotypes may struggle to adapt to changing climate conditions, and adjustments in Turkey's wheat breeding program objectives are crucial in response to these challenges.
Review
Plant Sciences
Maria Chiara Piro, Hilde Muylle, Geert Haesaert
Summary: Rye has been used as an important genetic resource in wheat breeding, resulting in significant improvements in disease resistance and agronomic traits. As consumers pay more attention to their dietary choices and the food industry strives to meet their demands, the nutritional aspects of grain crops are becoming more important. The high dietary fiber content in rye, especially arabinoxylan, can bring health benefits and serve as a new target for wheat-rye introgression breeding.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Mokrzycka, Stefan Stojalowski, Miroslaw Tyrka, Przemyslaw Matysik, Barbara Zmijewska, Rafal Marcinkowski, Urszula Wozna-Pawlak, Roza Martofel, Michal Rokicki, Monika Rakoczy-Trojanowska, Pawel Krajewski
Summary: This study identified markers associated with wheat agronomic traits using genome-wide association analysis. The study also investigated the effects of markers on heterosis and their linkage disequilibrium grouping. The results revealed a large number of single nucleotide polymorphisms with significant effects, predominantly influencing protein translation modification. These findings provide valuable insights for developing new wheat varieties with desirable properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Peter Langridge, Matthew Reynolds
Summary: The article evaluates various strategies used to enhance the heat and drought tolerance of wheat. While these strategies have expanded our knowledge of factors influencing yield under stress, not all have yielded the expected progress.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Ridha Boudiar, Alejandra Cabeza, Miriam Fernandez-Calleja, Antonio Perez-Torres, Ana M. Casas, Juan M. Gonzalez, Abdelhamid Mekhlouf, Ernesto Igartua
Summary: Roots play a crucial role in crop adaptation, especially in dryland environments. The study found significant genotypic variability in root traits of durum wheat, driven mainly by differences between landraces and modern cultivars. Additionally, different models of root growth were observed, independent of total root length.
Article
Agronomy
Joerg Peter Baresel, Lorenz Buelow, Maria Renate Finckh, Lothar Frese, Samuel Knapp, Urs Schmidhalter, Odette Weedon
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of heterogeneous composite cross populations (CCPs) to increase sustainability and resilience of wheat cropping systems. The results showed that under organic conditions, CCPs had similar yields to commercial cultivars and higher yields than inbred lines, while under conventional conditions, conventionally-bred cultivars had higher yields. The CCPs exhibited higher yield stability and foliar disease resistance compared to commercial cultivars and inbred lines due to their high genetic diversity. The CCPs also showed differences in morphological and phenological traits, indicating adaptation to environmental conditions through natural selection.
Article
Plant Sciences
Xianrui Guo, Qinghua Shi, Yang Liu, Handong Su, Jing Zhang, Mian Wang, Chunhui Wang, Jing Wang, Kaibiao Zhang, Shulan Fu, Xiaojun Hu, Donglin Jing, Zhen Wang, Jinbang Li, Pingzhi Zhang, Cheng Liu, Fangpu Han
Summary: This study successfully transferred the FHB resistance gene from Thinopyrum elongatum to wheat varieties, and developed three wheat-Th. elongatum translocation lines that do not affect yield, which can be used for wheat breeding and provide new resistance resources.
Article
Plant Sciences
David Bonnett, Yongle Li, Jose Crossa, Susanne Dreisigacker, Bhoja Basnet, Paulino Perez-Rodriguez, G. Alvarado, J. L. Jannink, Jesse Poland, Mark Sorrells
Summary: This study investigated increasing genetic gain for grain yield using early generation genomic selection (GS). The results showed the potential for the application of GS in early generations of wheat breeding and the importance of using the appropriate statistical model for GEBV calculation.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Rahul M. Phuke, Xinyao He, Philomin Juliana, Muhammad R. Kabir, Krishna K. Roy, Felix Marza, Chandan Roy, Gyanendra P. Singh, Aakash Chawade, Arun K. Joshi, Pawan K. Singh
Summary: Wheat blast (WB) is a devastating fungal disease that poses a threat to wheat production in India. This study identified the 2NS translocation as the main source of resistance in Indian wheat genotypes. Wheat genotypes carrying the 2NS translocation showed better resistance, highlighting the need to find novel non-2NS resistance sources and genomic regions.