Article
Economics
Michael Donadelli, Patrick Gruening, Marcus Jueppner, Renatas Kizys
Summary: The study shows that global temperature shocks can slow down R&D expenditure growth and impact economic growth; the model indicates that temperature shocks undermine economic growth by reducing R&D expenditure; the government can offset the welfare costs of rising temperatures by providing subsidies to investment or supporting R&D expenditure financially.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Melina Dritsaki, Chaido Dritsaki
Summary: This study examines the relationship between R&D expenditures and the global innovation index in EU countries using a PVAR model and annual data from 2007 to 2020. The results reveal a long-term positive significant relationship between R&D spending and the global innovation index, while the short-term relationship is negative. Furthermore, the causality analysis shows unidirectional short-run and long-run causality from research and development to the global innovation index in EU countries.
Article
Economics
Dierk Herzer
Summary: Several studies have investigated the long-term effects of public and private R&D on total factor productivity (TFP) with mixed results. This study contributes by estimating the long-term elasticities of TFP with respect to public and private R&D using both R&D capital stocks and the number of researchers in the public and private sectors. The findings suggest a significant positive long-term effect of both public and private R&D on TFP, with public R&D having a greater impact than private R&D.
JOURNAL OF THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Thomas H. W. Ziesemer
Summary: This study uses stock data for Japan from 1987 to 2016 to analyze the dynamic interaction of Japan's total factor productivity (TFP), stocks of domestic and foreign private and public R&D, and mission-oriented R&D (GBARD) in GDP growth. The results show that GBARD and private and public R&D all encourage the growth of other R&D stocks, TFP, and GDP, and they have high internal rates of return. Japan's R&D policies are affected by and affect foreign R&D, with Japan's public R&D having a positive impact on European private R&D, while other OECD countries' R&D has a negative impact. Therefore, Japan's R&D policies should be supported by education policies that enhance the number of PhDs and IT personnel.
ECONOMICS OF INNOVATION AND NEW TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Business, Finance
Abbas Ali Chandio, Yuansheng Jiang, Waqar Akram, Ilhan Ozturk, Abdul Rauf, Aamir Ali Mirani, Huaquan Zhang
Summary: A better understanding of the dynamics involved in grain production is critical for food security and poverty reduction. This paper analyzes the combined effects of factors such as R&D investment, agricultural credit, CO2 emissions, area under grain crops, and fertilizers on China's grain crops output. The findings provide insights and policy recommendations for improving grain production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FINANCE & ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Baruch Lev, Suresh Radhakrishnan, Jamie Yixing Tong
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between R&D expenditures and uncertainties related to product-market, process-cost, and technological innovation/disruption. It finds that the associations between R&D expenditures and future sales and cost of sales volatilities are weaker compared to capital expenditures, while the association between R&D expenditures and future special items volatility is stronger. This provides insights into the debate on capitalizing versus expensing R&D expenditures.
PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Business
Amir Abedini Koshksaray, Sara Quach, Giang Trinh, Somayeh Bahoush Keivani, Park Thaichon
Summary: This study investigates the interaction effects of marketing and R&D expenditure on brand competitiveness based on performance indicators. The findings show that marketing has a significant long-term effect on brand competitiveness, while R&D has a marginally significant effect. Additionally, the interaction effect between marketing and R&D expenditure on brand competitiveness is marginally significant. It is recommended that companies invest in marketing activities to leverage the benefits of R&D and ensure sustained competitiveness in the long term.
JOURNAL OF RETAILING AND CONSUMER SERVICES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Abdimalik Ali Warsame, Ibrahim Abdukadir Sheik-Ali, Galad Mohamed Barre, Abdulnasir Ahmed
Summary: This study examines the impact of climate change variables and non-climatic factors on maize production in Somalia. The results show that temperature, rainfall, political instability, rural population, and land area under maize cultivation significantly affect maize production.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Somayeh Meyghani, Mahdi Khodaparast Mashhadi, Narges Salehnia
Summary: This study investigates the impact of climate change on the economic growth of countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. The results indicate a long-term relationship between climate change and economic growth, with increasing temperature and precipitation leading to a decrease in economic growth.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Tony W. Carr, Siyabusa Mkuhlani, Alcade C. Segnon, Zakari Ali, Robert Zougmore, Alan D. Dangour, Rosemary Green, Pauline Scheelbeek
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the impact of climate change on major staple crop yields in West Africa and analyzed the potential of common agricultural adaptation strategies. The results showed that crop yields declined by a median of 6% due to climate change in all scenarios analyzed. However, by adopting adaptation strategies such as optimized planting dates and resilient crop varieties, crop yields affected by climate change could be increased by 13%. Increased fertilizer use did not mitigate the impact of climate change on crops but could substantially increase yields. The study suggests that a combination of increased fertilizer use and adopting cropping practices that take advantage of favorable climate conditions has great potential to protect and enhance future crop production in West Africa.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alexander Schuhmacher, Markus Hinder, Alexander von Stegmann und Stein, Dominik Hartl, Oliver Gassmann
Summary: We analyzed the R & D input, output, and outcome of 16 leading research-based pharmaceutical companies over 20 years (2001-2020). Our analysis shows that pharma companies increased their R & D spending at a compound annual growth rate of 6% (2001-2020) to an average R & D expenditure per company of $6.7 billion (2020). The companies in our investigation launched 251 new drugs representing 46% of all CDER-related FDA approvals in the past 20 years. The average R & D efficiency of big pharma was $6.16 billion total R & D expenditures per new drug. Almost half of the leading companies needed to compensate for their negative R & D productivity through mergers and acquisitions.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E. T. Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N. Ainslie, Lene F. Andersen, Liam J. Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E. Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G. Bonomi, Carlijn V. C. Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S. Buchowski, Nancy F. Butte, Stefan G. Camps, Graeme L. Close, Jamie A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R. Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W. Fudge, Annelies H. Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G. Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B. Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M. Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P. Kempen, William E. Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F. Kushner, Estelle V. Lambert, William R. Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K. Martin, Anine C. Medin, Erwin P. Meijer, James C. Morehen, James P. Morton, Marian L. Neuhouser, Theresa A. Nicklas, Robert M. Ojiambo, Kirsi H. Pietilainen, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L. Prentice, Roberto A. Rabinovich, Susan B. Racette, David A. Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, John J. Reilly, Rebecca M. Reynolds, Susan B. Roberts, Albertine J. Schuit, Luis B. Sardinha, Analiza M. Silva, Anders M. Sjodin, Eric Stice, Samuel S. Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M. Van Etten, Edgar A. Van Mil, Jonathan C. K. Wells, George Wilson, Brian M. Wood, Jack A. Yanovski, Alexia J. Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U. Loechl, Amy H. Luke, Jennifer Rood, Klaas R. Westerterp, William W. Wong, Motohiko Miyachi, Dale A. Schoeller, John R. Speakman
Summary: This study investigated the determinants of human water turnover in different age groups and countries. The results show that age, body size and composition, physical activity, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics are closely related to water turnover. People living in countries with a low human development index have higher water turnover. Predictive equations for human water turnover in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors are provided based on the extensive dataset.
Article
Economics
Tracey Broome, Winston Ricardo Moore, Philmore Alleyne
Summary: Despite financial constraints faced by Caribbean firms, the study finds that prior R&D experience and current innovative activities significantly enhance the performance of manufacturing and service firms in terms of productivity and probability of innovation.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Weizhe Chen, Zhongshi Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Liangcheng Tan, David B. Kemp, Nicolas Viovy
Summary: Proxy-based reconstructions suggest that the climate in most regions of China during the mid-Holocene (MH) was warmer and wetter than present day, with an extension of the East Asian summer monsoon and an increase in woody cover. However, climate simulations that neglect vegetation changes yield cooler climates for the MH. In this study, a state-of-the-art land surface model is used to simulate MH vegetation cover, productivity, and terrestrial parameters in China. The results agree with paleo-records and indicate higher vegetation productivity in China during the MH. The findings emphasize the importance of vegetation dynamics on the carbon cycle and regional climate in China.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Economics
Sigurd Molster Galaasen, Alfonso Irarrazabal
Summary: This paper investigates the determinants of R&D heterogeneity and the economic impact of R&D subsidies. The study finds that a size-dependent subsidy can increase aggregate R&D investment by 11.7%, but may reduce growth and welfare. In contrast, a uniform subsidy stimulates investment, growth, and welfare.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Md. Saikat Islam Khan, Nazrul Islam, Jia Uddin, Sifatul Islam, Mostofa Kamal Nasir
Summary: This paper presents a water quality prediction model using principal component regression technique and gradient boosting classifier. The model achieves accurate prediction of water quality index and classification of water quality status through principal component analysis and parameter extraction.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY-COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Adnan Mateen Qadri, Gyanesh Kumar Singh, Debajyoti Paul, Tarun Gupta, Shahadev Rabha, Nazrul Islam, Binoy K. Saikia
Summary: A year-long sampling campaign was conducted in the North-Eastern Region of India to study the sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in ambient PM2.5. The study found that PM2.5 mass concentration was highest in winter and post-monsoon seasons, with organic carbon concentration also higher during these periods. Local and regional air masses dominated during winter and post-monsoon, while long-range transported air masses influenced the background site during pre-monsoon and monsoon. The carbon isotope ratio and cluster/PSCF modeling suggested that aged aerosols influenced the carbon isotope ratio during pre-monsoon, while freshly emitted aerosols from biomass/biofuels were responsible for the lower ratio in winter and post-monsoon.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nazrul Islam, Md Mohi Uddin Masum, Md Faizul Huq Arif, Sayed Asaduzzaman, Monoranjon Roy, Mohammad Abu Yousuf
Summary: This study focuses on highly sensitive photonic crystal fiber sensors based on surface plasmonic resonance, achieving significant sensitivity and wavelength sensitivity by incorporating plasmonic materials such as gold and titanium dioxide. By simplifying the geometry and utilizing air holes and pitch variation, the detection performance is optimized, showing promising progress in biological analysis.
Article
Information Science & Library Science
Kofi Osei-Frimpong, Brigid A. Appiah Otoo, Graeme McLean, Nazrul Islam, Lebene Richmond Soga
Summary: This study examines the factors and consequences of consumers' continuous social media brand engagement (SMBE) and explores the moderating effect of other-efficacy. The findings suggest that compatibility with lifestyle, perceived information quality, and escapism significantly drive consumers' continuous engagement with brands on social media. However, perceived enjoyment does not have a significant impact. Other-efficacy moderates consumers' continuous SMBE practices. While continuous SMBE significantly drives consumer-based brand equity (CBBE), it does not have a significant relationship with consumers' subjective well-being (SWB).
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & PEOPLE
(2023)
Article
Business
Nazrul Islam, Yorgos Marinakis, Sterling Olson, Reilly White, Steven Walsh
Summary: This article provides a deep financial analysis of blockchain mining and explores its long-term financial viability. It highlights the importance and challenges of cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. The study finds that blockchain miners require substantial fees to maintain sustainable financial viability.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nazrul Islam, Mousumi Bora, Monikankana Saikia, Anusuya Boruah, Kallol Roy, Rituraj Konwar, Binoy K. Saikia
Summary: This innovative research evaluated the formation of water-soluble carbon dots (wsCDs) and onion-like fullerenes (wsOLFs) from atmospheric particulate matter (PM) in an oxidizing environment. The synthesized wsCDs were quasi-spherical in shape with an average size of 4-6 nm, while the wsOLFs were spherical and/or quasi-spherical with an average diameter ranging from 8-12 nm. The PM-derived carbon dots and fullerenes exhibited antioxidant properties and promising electrochemical properties, indicating their potential in environmental nanotechnology development.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO
(2023)
Article
Business
Fauzia Jabeen, Amandeep Dhir, Nazrul Islam, Shalini Talwar, Armando Papa
Summary: Food waste is a critical global issue, and it is important to understand the reasons behind food waste in order to develop effective strategies. This study examined the attitudes and intentions of food delivery app users and found that emotions, attitudes, and beliefs play a significant role in shaping intentions.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Araz Zirar, Syed Imran Ali, Nazrul Islam
Summary: Workplace Artificial Intelligence (AI) helps organizations improve operational efficiency, enable faster decision-making, and drive innovation. Research on how workers and AI can coexist in the workplace is still evolving, making it critical to explore emerging themes and research agendas in this area. This study examines the coexistence of workers and AI in the workplace and identifies four themes: workers' distrust in AI as a job threat, AI enticing worker-AI interactions by augmenting worker abilities, the need for technical, human, and conceptual skills for AI and worker coexistence, and the importance of ongoing reskilling and upskilling for a symbiotic relationship with workplace AI. The study also proposes relevant research questions for future exploration.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nazrul Islam, Md. Faizul Huq Arif, Mohammad Abu Yousuf, Sayed Asaduzzaman
Summary: This paper presents a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor that achieves light transmission and SPR excitation through the combination with gold material. It demonstrates high wavelength sensitivity and amplitude sensitivity, making it suitable for bio-detection applications.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Business
Zhe Sun, Liang Zhao, Puneet Kaur, Nazrul Islam, Amandeep Dhir
Summary: With the rise of emerging economies, such as China, the research environment for the digital economy has changed significantly. However, our understanding of the productivity impact of digital economy development in Chinese firms is still limited. This study analyzes the idiosyncratic influences of firm size and locality on the relationship between digital economy and firm productivity in Chinese firms. The findings show a U-shaped relationship, with different patterns observed for large, medium, and small firms, as well as different regions in China.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Business
Zaoli Yang, Nazrul Islam, Yuanyuan Shi, K. Venkatachalam, Lucheng Huang
Summary: The mutual influence and complementarity of technologies between different industries are increasingly prominent. This article combines the Lingo algorithm and the knowledge evolution theory to analyze the topic evolution of interindustry technology linkages, focusing on 3-D printing technology. The empirical results reveal key topics and their development characteristics.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Business
Nikolai Kazantsev, Nazrul Islam, Jeremy Zwiegelaar, Alan Brown, Roger Maull
Summary: This paper investigates the role of data sharing in business models of platform ecosystems. By analyzing 12 platforms where data is a key resource, the authors identify four archetypes: data crawler, data marketplace, data aggregator, and data disseminator. These archetypes guide managers in realizing value through data sharing and provide recommendations for data-driven business model innovation.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Business
Anushree Tandon, Amandeep Dhir, Nazrul Islam
Summary: Academic research has highlighted the importance of using mobile health interventions to support cancer patients and survivors in managing their health. However, there is a lack of clarity and fragmented knowledge on these interventions. This article provides a comprehensive review of existing literature, identifying key areas of discussion and gaps in knowledge.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shahadev Rabha, Nazrul Islam, Binoy K. Saikia, Gyanesh Kumar Singh, Adnan Mateen Qadri, Vivek Srivastava, Tarun Gupta
Summary: In this study, the mass concentrations and chemical compositions of PM2.5 in an urban area of Northeast India were evaluated to determine their seasonal variations and the influence of meteorological factors. The results showed that PM2.5 mass was mainly contributed by water-soluble inorganic ions, carbonaceous matter, and inorganic elements. Winter season had the highest PM2.5 concentration, primarily due to water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous matter. Meteorological factors and regional air transport significantly influenced PM concentrations in the study area.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
M. Tasdik Hasan, Sahadat Hossain, Rajat Das Gupta, Vivek Podder, Naima Afroz Mowri, Anindita Ghosh, Hassan Rushekh Mahmood, Faisal Ahmmed, M. S. T. Halima Khatun, Rhedeya Nury Nodi, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Sharmeen Yasmeen, Nazrul Islam
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mental health status of medical students in Bangladesh. The results showed a higher prevalence of depression among early-year medical students, with a slight predominance in males. Suicidal tendencies were also found to be higher.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG
(2022)
