Article
Substance Abuse
Niamh Fitzgerald, Francesco Manca, Isabelle Uny, Jack Gregor Martin, Rachel O'Donnell, Allison Ford, Amelie Begley, Martine Stead, Jim Lewsey
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant changes in alcohol availability, including closures, curfews, and restrictions, with potential long-term risks for public health such as increased home drinking. Research findings showed a decrease in alcohol-related ambulance callouts during the pandemic, but highlighted potential long-term risks associated with increased home drinking.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eleni Mantzari, Minna Ventsel, Emily Pechey, Ilse Lee, Mark Pilling, Gareth J. J. Hollands, Theresa M. M. Marteau
Summary: A study conducted in licensed premises in England found that adding a smaller serving size (2/3 pint) of draught beer and cider did not significantly impact the volume of beer and cider sold.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Janne S. Tolstrup, Sofie Kruckow, Ulrik Becker, Ove Andersen, Susan M. Sawyer, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Sanne Pagh Moller
Summary: This study investigated the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and alcohol-related hospital contacts in adolescents, and whether differences in risk can be explained by levels of alcohol consumption, drinking pattern, and substance use. The findings showed that despite similar levels of alcohol consumption, socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents are more likely to experience alcohol-related harm, regardless of differences in drinking pattern or substance use. Therefore, future preventive strategies should prioritize young adolescents, especially those who are most disadvantaged.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jirada Prasartpornsirichoke, Rasmon Kalayasiri, Polathep Vichitkunakorn, Woraphat Ratta-apha, Wanlop Atsariyasing, Natwarat Anekwit, Warot Lamyai, Chanchai Thongpanich, Surinporn Likhitsathian, Teerayuth Rungnirundorn, Wanida Rattanasumawong, Nawapat Chuatai, Sakol Srisuklorm, Athip Tanaree, Roengrudee Patanavanich
Summary: Parental supply of alcohol is associated with alcohol-related harms and severity of alcohol use disorder in Thai middle school students. Supply of alcohol from peers and siblings plays an important role in both outcomes. An increasing number of sources of alcohol supply increases the risk of alcohol-related harm and severity of alcohol use disorder.
Article
Substance Abuse
Siri Thor, Tomas Hemmingsson, Anna-Karin Danielsson, Jonas Landberg
Summary: This study reveals a positive association between fathers' alcohol use and the risk for substance-related disorders in offspring, particularly among fathers with alcohol-related disorders or a history of apprehension for drunkenness. Although the risk is lower among offspring of fathers with sub-clinical drinking, they still account for a significant proportion of substance-related disorders in the population.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sandra Rados Krnel, Igor Pravst, Masa Hribar, Bojan Blazica, Anita Kusar
Summary: The study aimed to assess if knowledge and awareness of alcohol-related risks and harms can be improved using a mobile app. The intervention involved using a mobile app that allowed users to scan alcohol beverages to receive information on alcohol content and energy value, as well as display health warnings. The results showed significant improvement in knowledge and awareness, especially among high-risk drinkers, indicating the potential of mobile apps in educating consumers about alcohol risks.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhen Yu, Liping He, Wit Wichaidit, Jing Li, Ying Song, Sawitri Assanangkornchai
Summary: The prevalence of alcohol-related harm from others was compared between the Han and Yi populations in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The study found that the Yi ethnic minorities had a lower prevalence of alcohol-related harm compared to the Han majority. However, limitations in measurement and translation, as well as generalizability, should be considered when interpreting the findings.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Wing See Yuen, Amy Peacock, Nicola Man, Sarah Callinan, Tim Slade, Michael Farrell, Richard Mattick, Michael Livingston
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the trends in alcohol-related risky behavior in Australia and compare them between genders. The results showed a decline in risky behavior over time, with the sharpest decline seen in recent birth cohorts. Risky behavior was most prevalent in young adults, and the gender gap has been closing in more recent cohorts.
Article
Substance Abuse
John Wiggers, Jenny Tindall, Rebecca K. Hodder, Karen Gillham, Melanie Kingsland, Christophe Lecathelinais
Summary: The study found that there were significant improvements in public perceptions of alcohol-related harm and crime, as well as high levels of support for the additional licensing restrictions implemented in Newcastle, Australia, at 2 and 5 years following their implementation.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Filipe Oliveira Azevedo, Ana Neto, Ana Gama, Ana Subtil, Ricardo Fuertes, Claudia Pereira, Joana Tavares, Raquel Luis Medinas, Ana V. Silva, Sonia Dias
Summary: This study investigates the use of a low-threshold harm reduction intervention, including medication treatment and access to addiction centers, in emergency shelters for people experiencing homelessness. The results show that those who accepted the intervention had better housing outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Malin Rex, Thomas Brezicka, Eric Carlstrom, Margda Waern, Lilas Ali
Summary: This study analyzed service-related factors in the lead up to suicide in order to identify intervention targets. The results suggest that healthcare providers can improve patient safety by regularly following up with patients at higher risk of suicide and paying attention to declined or canceled appointments. The study also found that organizational instability may be a potential target for intervention, although further research is needed.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria Lavilla-Gracia, Maria Pueyo-Garrigues, Diego Calavia Gil, Nuria Esandi-Larramendi, Cristina Alfaro-Diaz, Navidad Canga-Armayor
Summary: The study evaluated the effectiveness of the peer-led BASICS intervention in reducing risky alcohol consumption among Spanish university students. The results showed that the intervention led to significant improvements in alcohol quantity, frequency, binge drinking episodes, peak blood alcohol concentration, alcohol-related consequences, and motivation to change among the participants.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Sebastian Pena, Pia Makela, Tiina Laatikainen, Tommi Harkanen, Satu Mannisto, Markku Heliovaara, Seppo Koskinen
Summary: The study investigated the relationship between socio-economic status and alcohol-related mortality, as well as the joint effects of alcohol, smoking, and body mass index. The findings suggest that individuals with lower socio-economic status may be more vulnerable to the effects of alcohol and smoking on alcohol-related mortality.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Juliana Valente, Tania Pietrobom, Josipa Mihic, Sheila Caetano, Jair Mari, Zila M. Sanchez
Summary: This study examines the impact of internalizing and externalizing problems on alcohol-related harm and binge drinking among adolescents, taking into account gender differences. The results show that externalizing problems predict binge drinking in both genders and may also predict alcohol-related harm in boys. Internalizing problems appear to be a gender-specific risk factor for binge drinking among girls. These findings are independent of comorbid problems and sociodemographic variables.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Scott Sims, David Preen, Gavin Pereira, Daniel Fatovich, Michael Livingston, Melissa O'Donnell
Summary: This study in Western Australia found that by linking emergency department data with subsequent hospitalization information, twice as many alcohol-related presentations could be identified compared to using ED data alone. Additionally, trends in alcohol-related harm presentations varied significantly within different subpopulations when supplemented with hospitalization data.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Arkadiusz Drabicki, Rafal Kucharski, Oded Cats
Summary: This study examines the use of real-time crowding information to alleviate bus bunching in public transport systems. The results show that providing this information can significantly reduce vehicle headway and load variations, improve the overall journey experience, and substantially reduce denial-of-boarding and excessive on-board overcrowding.
Article
Transportation
Hossein Nasr Esfahani, Ziqi Song, Keith Christensen
Summary: In this study, a novel LSTM-based deep neural network was designed to simulate the different walking behaviors of individuals with and without disabilities, which is important for pedestrian trajectory prediction.
TRANSPORTMETRICA A-TRANSPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geography
Aziz Laleg, Ahmed Bousmaha
Summary: The aim of this article is to analyze and characterize daily mobility in mountainous regions through the study of the Ath Irathen's territory in Algeria. The study reveals the significant dependence of this overpopulated territory on the regional capital and the challenges faced during travel. Despite the difficulties, there is a growing trend of pendulum movements between the mountains and the plain, highlighting widening socio-economic disparities between these territories.
Article
Geography
Romit Chowdhury
Summary: This article investigates sexual assault on commuter trains in Tokyo and explores how passengers perceive and cope with this issue in their daily lives. It also highlights the importance of geographical analysis in understanding how stranger violence is manifested in the intersections of urban forms and national expressions. By integrating feminist studies with sociology of urban crowds and critical geographies, a more comprehensive understanding of sexual assault on public transportation can be achieved.
SOCIAL & CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Alasdair Booth, Lee Bosher, Ksenia Chmutina
Summary: This research investigates whether current protective security advice and training meet the needs of security managers, and finds that some advice hinders the enhancement of protective security, highlighting the need for further efforts to promote counter-terrorism security.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Saeedeh Sadeghi, Ricardo Daziano, So-Yeon Yoon, Adam K. Anderson
Summary: This study compares the perceptions of participants in a virtual reality task with their preferences in a stated choice survey, revealing potential caveats of the stated choice survey and introducing the use of virtual reality in passenger preference research.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Konstantinos Gkiotsalitis, Tao Liu
Summary: This study proposes a model for optimizing bus dispatching time in response to travel time and passenger demand variations. By adjusting the schedules periodically, public transport service providers can avoid overcrowding beyond the COVID-19 capacity restrictions. Case study results demonstrate the potential gains of rescheduling the trip dispatching times and vehicle schedules.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Saeedeh Sadeghi, Ricardo Daziano, So-Yeon Yoon, Adam K. Anderson
Summary: This study examined the influence of objective number of items, subjective affect, and heart rate on the experience of time in the context of a virtual subway ride. The results showed that increased crowding decreased pleasantness and increased trip duration, and heart rate changes were related to experienced trip time. This study demonstrates the socioemotional regulation of time experience and the effects of social crowding on perception and affect in a solitary virtual setting.
Article
Transportation
Fernando Feres, Franco Basso, Raul Pezoa, Mauricio Varas, Eusebio Vargas-Estrada
Summary: This paper proposes a public transport users' scheduling model that takes into account vehicle crowding, waiting time, and punctuality as measures of reliability. The study analyzes the users' equilibrium, social optimum, first-best pricing, and second-best pricing. Numerical analysis shows that punctuality plays a crucial role in commuters' strategy and the system's reliability, and second-best pricing is only efficient for limited cases.
TRANSPORTATION LETTERS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Alison K. Beck, Briony Larance, Victoria Manning, Leanne Hides, Amanda L. Baker, Frank P. Deane, Anthony Shakeshaft, Dayle Raftery, Peter J. Kelly
Summary: This study examined the self-reported experience of online SMART Recovery groups for people seeking support for methamphetamine use. The results showed positive ratings of experience and engagement in the online groups regardless of whether participants attended for methamphetamine use or not. People attending for methamphetamine use were less likely to set a 7-day plan.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
John Pavlopoulos, Aristidis Likas
Summary: Commonsense knowledge is often approximated by the fraction of annotators who classified an item as positive, which overlooks the polarization of opinions. We propose a novel measure, DFU, that estimates the extent of polarization and correlates well with human judgment. Applying DFU to pandemic-related tweets and toxic posts, we find that polarization occurs on different days for different states and is more likely among annotators from different countries. Furthermore, DFU can be used as an objective function to predict the potential for polarized opinions.
COGNITIVE COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhihong Li, Jing Zhang, Yanjie Wen, Yang Dong, Wangtu Xu
Summary: Urban public security incidents are prone to occur, and better understanding of pedestrian abnormal behavior and trajectory in crowded places is crucial for crowd management and safety monitoring. A novel pedestrian abnormal behavior detection model (PABDM) is proposed, which shows notable advantages in prediction accuracy and detection efficiency compared to other models. This model effectively solves the problem of missing detection caused by various factors and has great significance for real-time crowd monitoring in complex scenes.
JOURNAL OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING PART A-SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Cultural Studies
Leilah Vevaina
Summary: This article explores the controversy surrounding the construction of a metro line in Mumbai, with opposition from environmental groups and the Parsis (Indian Zoroastrians) who argue that the metro line will disrupt their temples.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yanda Meng, Joshua Bridge, Yitian Zhao, Martha Joddrell, Yihong Qiao, Xiaoyun Yang, Xiaowei Huang, Yalin Zheng
Summary: This paper proposes an adaptive auxiliary task learning-based approach for transport object counting problems. The approach combines a standard Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and a Graph Convolution Network (GCN) for feature extraction and reasoning, and fuses features across different task branches of the adaptive CNN backbone. Experimental results show superior performance compared to state-of-the-art counting methods. The code is publicly available.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ayesha, Muhammad Javed Iqbal, Iftikhar Ahmad, Madini O. Alassafi, Ahmed S. Alfakeeh, Ahmed Alhomoud
Summary: This research focuses on comprehensive methodology of tiny vehicle detection using Deep Neural Networks (DNN) and achieves better performance compared to other SOTA techniques on KITTI benchmark dataset.
CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA
(2023)
