Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nils Michelsen, Jan Friesen, Gerhard Strauch, Zulaina Mohammed Al-Balushi, Ali Bakhit Ali Bait Said, Hajar Al Balushi, Mark Schmidt, Thomas Mueller
Summary: Precipitation chemistry data is important for understanding large-scale element cycling and anthropogenic impacts on the environment. However, there is often a lack of data in arid regions like the Arabian Peninsula. To overcome this, a strategy for automatic weekly bulk precipitation sampling was developed. The results revealed spatial and temporal heterogeneity in ion proportions and concentrations, indicating the interplay between solute availability and precipitation amounts.
Article
Forestry
Yingying Wang, Feifei Zhu, Ronghua Kang, Linlin Song, Shaonan Huang, Dan Huang, Kai Huang, Abubakari Said Mgelwa, Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa, Xiaoming Fang, Yunting Fang
Summary: This study reveals the deposition characteristics of nitrogen and sulfur in atmospheric precipitation in temperate forests in northeastern China and the chemical composition of precipitation. The study found that nitrogen deposition in precipitation was relatively low, and ions originating from human activities accounted for a high proportion.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Momoko Abe, Sho Oniwa, Hiroshi Okochi, Masahide Aikawa
Summary: Fog water, throughfall, and bulk precipitation were collected in a coastal and urbanized area in Japan. The fog water was influenced by sea salt components and neutralized well. Throughfall included non-sea salt chloride and showed seasonal variations in nitrogen supply.
WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Magdalena Szuszkiewicz, Adam Lukasik, Eduard Petrovsky, Hana Grison, Ewa Blonska, Jaroslaw Lasota, Marcin Szuszkiewicz
Summary: Recent research has demonstrated the benefits of combining environmental magnetism and geochemical analyses in estimating anthropogenic pollution by analyzing atmospheric deposition in local environments. However, there is a lack of studies on Sahara dust particles deposited on snow in central Europe that utilize magnetic methods. This study investigates the magnetic features of Saharan dust recorded in snowfall in Poland and provides insight into the chemical compositions. The results reveal the presence of magnetite and hematite in the dust-enriched horizon, as well as geogenic and anthropogenic elements. The concentrations of geogenic elements, nutrients, and anthropogenic elements in the snow samples with Saharan dust are significantly higher compared to those without Saharan dust.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Gulnese Ugurluel, Ali Deniz, Emrah Tuncay Ozdemir
Summary: Fog is a critical factor in aircraft flying conditions and airport operations, but it can cause serious damage and disrupt transportation due to low visibility. This study analyzed fog characteristics and types at airports in the northeast of Turkey and neighboring countries. The analysis of 10 years of observation data revealed the most active months for fog events and the dominant formation mechanisms at each airport.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chia-Li Chen, Ting-Yu Chen, Hui-Ming Hung, Ping-Wen Tsai, Charles C. -K. Chou, Wei-Nai Chen
Summary: This study found that upslope fog formation had an impact on the chemical composition and hygroscopicity of rural aerosols. Larger particles had higher fog scavenging removal efficiency, and submicrometer nitrate particles were likely formed via gas-particle partitioning. The inconsistency of submicrometer nitrate between real-time AMS and offline FTIR-ATR measurements suggests potential evaporation loss during sampling.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Iva Hunova, Martin Novak, Pavel Kurfurst, Hana Skachova, Marketa Stepanova, Eva Prechova, Arnost Komarek, Jan Curik, Frantisek Veselovsky, Leona Bohdalkova
Summary: This study provides data on sulfur deposition via rime in mountain areas of the Czech Republic and finds a significant decline since the 1990s. The study highlights the importance of considering rime as a deposition pathway in environmental research, as it can contribute significantly to the total sulfur deposition flux in mountain regions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel Erno Beyer, Maria Varga, Peter Fazekas, Janos K. Panczel
Summary: This study analyzed the changes in Pb, Sr, and U isotopic composition and concentration of toxic metal elements in sediment core samples from Lake Balaton over the past 40 years. The Pb isotopic composition profiles showed different ratios between different phases of the core, with a transition zone observed at a certain depth. The elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, Sb, Cu, Cd, and Fe in the top phase of the sediment suggest pollution sources. The concentration peaks of U and Mo at the depth of the Pb signature transition indicate a possible relation to cyanobacterial blooms in the lake.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Agata Jablonska-Trypuc, Elzbieta Wolejko, Urszula Wydro, Jacek Leszczynski, Mariola Wasil, Anna Kieltyka-Dadasiewicz
Summary: This study conducted toxicological tests on landfill leachate from Poland, showing that the leachate has high concentrations of metals and organic matter, causing impacts on soil, plants, and bacterial and human cell models. The results suggest the potential toxic properties of the tested leachates, such as promoting cancer cell growth and increasing the number of pathogenic bacteria.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Magdalena Wozniak, Anna Sip, Lucyna Mrowczynska, Justyna Broniarczyk, Agnieszka Waskiewicz, Izabela Ratajczak
Summary: The study focused on determining the chemical composition and biological properties of propolis extracts from different regions of Poland. The total content of phenols and flavonoids in the extracts varied based on their geographic origin. Chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of certain compounds in the propolis samples. The extracts showed moderate antioxidant activity, limited antifungal activity, and varying activity against pathogenic bacteria and HPV.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kaihao Zhang, A. John Hart
Summary: The transfer-free synthesis route allows highly-uniform bilayer graphene to grow directly on dielectric substrates, addressing the issue of wrinkles and folds that occur in traditional methods. The graphene produced through this technique has a smooth surface, free of wrinkles, and exhibits low twist angles, making it promising for various applications.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenjuan Gu, Shijie Cui, Xinlei Ge, Zhiying Wang, Meijuan Chen, Zihe Qian, Zhiyi Liu, Xinfeng Wang, Yunjiang Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the concentration variations of eight nitrated aromatic compounds in PM2.5 in suburban Nanjing during winter. The primary and secondary sources of these compounds were identified, and their significant contribution to light absorption was observed.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Philipp Koerner, Rico Kronenberg, Daniel Gliksman, Christian Bernhofer
Summary: Fog deposition strongly depends on location and orographic setting, with varied amounts in different regions of Germany. This study estimated fog deposition using the REAL-Fog model for a 70-year period and compared the results with other models and measurements, providing insights into future challenges.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Wei Zhu, Zhihui Li, Ali Asghar Heidari, Shuihua Wang, Huiling Chen, Yudong Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes an improved RIME algorithm (CCRIME) and a discrete CCRIME-based BCCRIME method for real-time monitoring of rock stability during deep well mineral resource mining. The quality and search capabilities of the algorithm were enhanced by improving the algorithm and optimizing parameters, and the performance was validated through advanced algorithm comparison experiments. Meanwhile, the model was validated using collected microseismic and blasting data.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Peter A. Taylor
Summary: The turbulent boundary layer concepts have been extended to include aerosols and gravitational settling. Interactions between aerosols and the Earth's surface are represented via a roughness length for aerosol, and gravitational settling impacts vertical profiles and surface deposition of aerosols. Simple profile solutions can be used to predict deposition velocities and illustrate the dependence on reference height, friction velocity, and gravitational settling velocity.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Monika Wieczerzak, Jacek Namiesnik, Blazej Kudlak
Summary: This study focused on the genotoxicity of pharmaceuticals from different therapeutic groups, both in mixtures and individual solutions, under different environmental conditions. The results showed that the addition of inorganic ions mainly reduced genotoxicity, while changes in the pH of pharmaceutical solutions significantly affected genotoxicity. Synergistic interactions were more commonly observed among mixtures.
DRUG AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Krystyna Koziol, Aleksander Uszczyk, Filip Pawlak, Marcin Frankowski, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: Metals and metalloids in snow on glaciers can come from various sources, including local rock dust, marine aerosol, local human activity, and long-range atmospheric transport. Analysis on snow samples from a glacier in Svalbard showed concentrations of elements primarily on Na, Mg, K, Zn, with presence of heavy metals like Bi and Hg as well.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Barbara Kusznierewicz, Marika Mroz, Izabela Koss-Mikolajczyk, Jacek Namiesnik
Summary: This study presents methods for assessing the health quality of products containing betalains, comparing data on phytochemical composition of beetroot cultivars using various techniques. Identified that betalain contributes about 50% to the antioxidant activity in red beetroot. Photometric measurements are recommended for simple analysis of betacyanin and betaxanthin content, while liquid chromatography techniques provide more precise information. The combination of liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry is recommended for more detailed metabolomics studies, identifying sixty-four phytochemicals in beetroot samples.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke, Zaneta Polkowska, Marek Koprowski, Krzysztof Owsianik, Alyson E. Mitchell, Piotr Balczewski
Summary: Amygdalin is a natural cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of some edible plants, with both anticancer activity and toxicity due to hydrogen cyanide production. Despite studies on cancer cell lines, clinical evidence for its anticancer properties is not fully confirmed. High dose exposures to amygdalin can lead to cyanide toxicity.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marek Ruman, Klaudia Kosek, Krystyna Koziol, Michal Cieply, Katarzyna Kozak-Dylewska, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: Lake ecosystems are strongly influenced by surrounding landscapes, and the Arctic flow-through lake system Revvatnet in Svalbard exhibits typical characteristics of Arctic lakes, with metal and metalloid concentrations showing similarity or increasing downstream.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Monika Baranowska, Zuzanna Koziara, Klaudia Suliborska, Wojciech Chrzanowski, Michael Wormstone, Jacek Namiesnik, Agnieszka Bartoszek
Summary: The study demonstrates the significant impact of interactions between common food flavonoids on their electrochemical properties and bioactivities. Mixtures of flavonoids show enhanced antioxidant properties compared to individual components, with a synergistic effect observed in both chemical and cellular tests. In cellular tests, the mixtures exhibit properties of a new substance rather than those of individual components, stimulating cell growth.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joanna Potapowicz, Malgorzata Szopinska, Danuta Szuminska, Robert Jozef Bialik, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: This study investigated the presence of PAHs in fresh waters and surface sediments on the western shore of Admiralty Bay over several sampling seasons. The results showed that biomass combustion and coal were the main sources of PAHs, with a limited contribution from petroleum sources. The study also indicated a minimal role of long-range atmospheric transport from South America in PAH pollution, with local activities being more closely associated with PAH contamination.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Filip Pawlak, Krystyna Anna Koziol, Klaudia Kosek, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: Single point sampling in snow studies due to logistical constraints can introduce unquantified error, particularly with low concentrations of chemicals like chlorinated persistent organic pollutants. Field experiments in the Arctic show varying levels of uncertainty at short and regional scales, suggesting the need for caution when interpreting spatial differences in snow concentrations.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anna Rozanska, Magdalena Fabjanowicz, Kaja Kalinowska, Zaneta Polkowska, Justyna Plotka-Wasylka
Summary: Salting-out assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (SALLME) was combined with derivatization procedure to establish a one-step sample pre-treatment approach for rapid analysis of 14 biogenic amines (BAs) in fruit juices. The developed method exhibited satisfactory analytical performance and was suitable for analysis of different berry juice samples.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Malgorzata Szopinska, Joanna Potapowicz, Katarzyna Jankowska, Aneta Luczkiewicz, Ola Svahn, Erland Bjorklund, Christina Nannou, Dimitra Lambropoulou, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: This study aimed to assess the potential environmental risks of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other contaminants in the western shore of Admiralty Bay, King George Island. The study found high concentrations of pollutants, highlighting the importance of regular monitoring and mitigation strategies for protecting the environment.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sara Lehmann-Konera, Marek Ruman, Marcin Frankowski, Lukasz Ma Larzewski, Krzysztof Raczy, Filip Pawlak, Krystyna Koziol, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: The study shows that the sediment in the glacier forefield primarily comes from anthropogenic sources, while the metals and metalloids deposited on the Calypsostranda marine terrace come from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The correlation matrix and principal component analysis reveal different primary factors affecting rainfall chemistry at each study site.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martyna Lubinska-Szczygel, Anna Kuczynska-Lazewska, Malgorzata Rutkowska, Zaneta Polkowska, Elena Katrich, Shela Gorinstein
Summary: The study aimed to determine the main by-products of kaffir lime peel and evaluate their potential uses in various industries. The most abundant volatile compounds in the essential oil were sabinene, beta-pinene, and limonene. The peel was also found to contain microelements, macroelements, and ballast substances. Pectin extraction was optimized using citric acid, and the obtained pectins were characterized. The peel was also found to contain various bioactive compounds, with antioxidant capacity evaluated using CUPRAC and DPPH assays.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martyna Lubinska-Szczygel, Zaneta Polkowska, Malgorzata Rutkowska, Shela Gorinstein
Summary: The study aimed to characterize the chemical, aroma, and prohealth properties of kaffir lime juice. A procedure using solid-phase microextraction with gas chromatography was developed to determine the terpenes in kaffir lime. The physicochemical parameters and micro- and macro elements were evaluated. The fluorescence spectroscopy revealed the strong binding of kaffir lime terpenes to human serum albumin. Kaffir lime juice is a rich source of terpenes, vitamin C, citric acid, and minerals, with good aromatic and bioactive properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Danuta Szuminska, Krystyna Koziol, Sergey R. Chalov, Vasilii A. Efimov, Marcin Frankowski, Sara Lehmann-Konera, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: The impact of permafrost thaw on river and lake water chemistry is a complex problem that needs to be considered in the context of legacy permafrost shrinkage and the interference of the deepening active layer with newly deposited anthropogenic contaminants.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emilia Baczkowska, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Oskar Ronda, Katarzyna Jankowska, Rafal Bray, Bartosz Plociennik, Zaneta Polkowska
Summary: The research conducted in the Coastal Landscape Park in 2016 focused on three rivers ending in the Baltic Sea: Piasnica, Karwianka, and Czarna Wda. Results showed that Piasnica and Czarna Wda rivers were affected by discharged treated wastewater, while Karwianka River's main pollution source could be surface runoff from fields and unregulated sewage management in the area. The research confirmed the urgent need for better protection of the area to preserve its ecosystem and value for tourism.
ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Vittal Hari, Oldrich Rakovec, Wei Zhang, Akash Koppa, Matthew Collins, Rohini Kumar
Summary: This study reveals a significant association between the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and temperature variability in the eastern European region. Positive AMM phase leads to a significant increase in temperature, while negative phase has the opposite effect. The AMM modulates the temperature through planetary-scale Rossby waves and anomalous anticyclone circulation.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fang Cao, Yi-Xuan Zhang, Yan-Lin Zhang, Wen-Huai Song, Yu-Xian Zhang, Yu-Chi Lin, Chaman Gul, Md. Mozammel Haque
Summary: This study investigates the influences of continental emissions on marine aerosols in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea of China. The results show that biomass burning is the major contributor to organic aerosols in these marine atmospheres.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chenxi Liao, Wenhua Gao, Lanzhi Tang, Chengyin Li
Summary: Based on ERA5 data, this study analyzed the characteristics of four hydrometeors and their relationship with precipitation intensity in central eastern China and the northwest Pacific Ocean. The results show that stratiform precipitation is dominated by ice processes, while convective precipitation has comparable contributions from water and ice processes.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Hsiang-Yu Huang, Sheng-Hsiang Wang, William K. M. Lau, Shih-Yu Simon Wang, Arlindo M. da Silva
Summary: This study presents a diagnostic analysis of the interannual variation of regional climate and its impact on biomass burning aerosol emissions in peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA). It identifies four climatic factors governing the emission and transport of PSEA biomass burning aerosols and reveals a significant correlation with the El Nin similar to o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The results contribute to a better understanding and improved model simulations of aerosol-climate interactions in South and Southeast Asian monsoon regions.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Deniz H. Diren-Ustuen, Yurdanur S. Unal, Simge Irem Bilgen, Cemre Yuruk Sonuc, Sahar Sodoudi, Caner Guney, Ahmet Ozgur Dogru, Selahattin Incecik
Summary: This is the first comprehensive study to examine how urbanization affects the microclimate of Istanbul using the urban climate model MUKLIMO_3. The findings suggest that changing the albedo of roofs and implementing green-roofs can significantly reduce air temperatures in urban areas.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yetong Li, Yan Xia, Fei Xie, Yingying Yan
Summary: Surface ozone, a major air pollutant, is influenced by stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) which contributes to both the decrease and increase of surface ozone in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres, respectively. Additionally, global warming is expected to worsen surface ozone pollution in the future.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Na Li, Ping Zhao, Changyan Zhou
Summary: In this study, the daily sensible and latent heat fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau are estimated using the maximum entropy production model. The results show good performance of the model and reveal the spatial distribution and trends of surface heat fluxes in the region.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wenqing Lin, Huopo Chen, Weiqi Wang, Dawei Zhang, Fan Wang, Wuxia Bi
Summary: It is found in this study that anthropogenic activities may significantly contribute to the decrease in snowfall days, light snowfall, and light snowfall days across Eurasia, with greenhouse gas emissions being the main driver. However, detection of human influence is challenging for intense snowfall.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chongxun Mo, Xingbi Lei, Xixi Mo, Ruli Ruan, Gang Tang, Lingguang Li, Guikai Sun, Changhao Jiang
Summary: Reliable precipitation information is crucial for scientific and operational applications. Open-access gridded precipitation products (OGPPs) are important sources due to their continuous spatiotemporal coverage. This study proposes a methodology to comprehensively compare the accuracies and stabilities of ten different OGPPs, particularly in mountainous basins. The results show high accuracy but unstable performance of all OGPPs, with multi-source fusion-type products offering better stability and accuracy. Multi-source weighted-ensemble precipitation and climate prediction center morphing method products exhibit the best comprehensive performance.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jingzhuo Wang, Hanbin Zhang, Jing Chen, Guo Deng, Yu Xia
Summary: In this study, a new scale-blending technique was proposed to evaluate the impact of multiscale initial perturbations on the CMA-CPEPS. The results showed that the blended scheme improved the dispersion of dynamical variables and increased the ensemble spread of precipitation, leading to reduced forecast error.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ziyi Song, Botao Zhou, Xinping Xu, Zhicong Yin
Summary: This study, based on reanalysis data from 1980 to 2019, reveals that the relationship between autumn sea ice concentration in the Barents-Kara Seas (BKSIC) and subsequent winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) underwent an interdecadal weakening in the early 1990s. The weakening can be attributed to the decrease in the interannual variability of BKSIC, which leads to a discrepancy in the tropospheric warming. In the former period (1980-1993), the decrease in autumn BKSIC enhances tropospheric warming and weakens the circumpolar westerly, resulting in a negative NAO phase. However, in the latter period (1994-2019), the smaller interannual variability of BKSIC weakens its influence on the tropospheric temperature, diluting the relationship with the subsequent winter NAO.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Wogu Zhong, Zhiwei Wu
Summary: Significant phase shifts in winter surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies have occurred in East Asia in recent years, leading to detrimental effects on socio-economic activities. In this study, the fourth principal mode of month-to-month SAT variations over EA in winter was identified, representing subseasonal SAT reversals over the mid-high latitudes of EA during late winter. The formation of this mode is accompanied by stratospheric temperature anomalies over eastern Siberia-Alaska in January.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Weiqian Ji, Leiku Yang, Xinyao Tian, Muhammad Bilal, Xin Pei, Yu Zheng, Xiaofeng Lu, Xiaoqian Cheng
Summary: This study systematically evaluated the AOD products of the DB and MAIAC algorithms based on MODIS over bright surfaces, and investigated the underestimation of AOD affected by various factors. The results indicated that the MAIAC products performed better than DB, and the C6.1 MAIAC showed slight improvement compared to C6.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tao Wang, Xiaohua Gou, Xuejia Wang, Hongwen Liu, Fei Xie
Summary: This study finds that the meridional position of subtropical jet anomalies has shifted equatorward in both the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere since the 1960s due to the influence of ENSO. The changes in tropical SST anomalies associated with ENSO contribute to this equatorward shift.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Alireza Ghaderi Bafti, Arman Ahmadi, Ali Abbasi, Hamid Kamangir, Sadegh Jamali, Hossein Hashemi
Summary: Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) plays a crucial role in the water and energy cycles of the earth. This study develops an automated deep learning model for accurate estimation of ETa using image processing, architectural design, and hyper-parameter tuning. The proposed model shows promising results in different climatic regions, highlighting its potential for enhanced atmospheric research.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2024)