Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hsiang-Lin Yu, Tsang-Jung Chang
Summary: This study proposes a new 3D approach for modeling indoor airborne particulate matter (PM) concentration using cellular automata (CA) framework. By considering four major PM transport mechanisms, the CA approach achieves high accuracy and efficiency in numerical simulations, making it a useful tool for 3D simulations of indoor PM transport and distribution.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Paola Fermo, Begona Artinano, Gianluigi De Gennaro, Antonio Marco Pantaleo, Alessandro Parente, Fiorella Battaglia, Elena Colicino, Gianluca Di Tanna, Andouglas Goncalves da Silva Junior, Igor Gadelha Pereira, Gabriel Santos Garcia, Luiz Marcos Garcia Goncalves, Valeria Comite, Alessandro Miani
Summary: The study tested a commercial system as an air purifier and found that it significantly reduced PM and VOCs concentrations in the air by about 90% and over 50%, respectively.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Jean C. Rivera-Rios, Taekyu Joo, Masayuki Takeuchi, Thomas M. Orlando, Tracy Bevington, John W. Mathis, Cliffton D. Pert, Brandon A. Tyson, Tyler M. Anderson-Lennert, Joshua A. Smith, Nga Lee Ng
Summary: This study measured particle number and mass concentrations in aircraft cabins during July 2020 in Atlanta, with restaurants having the highest concentrations and in-flight aircraft cabins having the lowest.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dimitrios Bousiotis, Leah-Nani S. Alconcel, David C. S. Beddows, Roy M. Harrison, Francis D. Pope
Summary: Air quality, both indoor and outdoor, is crucial for public health. This study introduces a new methodology using low-cost sensors and source apportionment techniques to understand the importance of different air pollution sources on indoor air quality. The results demonstrate the highest concentrations of PM in the bedroom, the highest PM spikes in the kitchen during cooking times, and the highest PM1 concentrations in the office due to outdoor infiltration. Source apportionment analysis shows that up to 95% of PM1 comes from outdoor sources in all rooms.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Chester J. Lau, Max Loebel Roson, Keifer M. Klimchuk, Tania Gautam, Boyang Zhao, Ran Zhao
Summary: Household humidification is beneficial for combating dry indoor air, but the use of ultrasonic humidifiers may lead to the generation of PM that can affect indoor air quality. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of humidifier operation on human health and indoor atmospheric chemistry.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Behzad Heibati, Ioar Rivas, Rahmat Veysi, Gerard Hoek, Pedro Jose Perez-Martinez, Ali Karimi
Summary: This study measured particulate matter concentrations in different sizes in a hospital in Shiraz, Iran, and found that indoor PM2.5 and PM10 levels were higher than in a reference building but lower than ambient air. The highest PM concentrations were observed in the radiotherapy and radiology wards, while the lowest were in the bone marrow transplantation and cardiac surgery wards. The indoor air quality was influenced by outdoor air and human activity, suggesting the need for mechanical ventilation and PM control in the hospital.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hsiang-Lin Yu, Tsang-Jung Chang
Summary: A novel cellular automata (CA) approach is developed for modeling indoor particulate matter (PM) concentration, which achieves similar accuracy as the Eulerian approach but with improved efficiency. Two parallelization procedures, mechanism parallelization and GPU-based cell parallelization, are proposed to further enhance the efficiency. The parallelized CA approach with both parallelization procedures can improve efficiency by up to 24-77 times, proving its potential as a useful tool for real-time 3D indoor PM distribution modeling.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kristin Williamson, Sourav Das, Andrea R. Ferro, Shankararaman Chellam
Summary: The study found that indoor concentrations of metallic pollutants in the school were lower than indoor air quality standards, with the main sources being outdoor pollution sources such as petroleum refineries. Additionally, some metals had higher concentrations in PM10-2.5 indoors compared to outdoors, indicating potential specific indoor sources.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Youngtae Choe, Jun-shup Shin, Jinhyeon Park, Eunchae Kim, Narae Oh, Kihong Min, Dongjun Kim, Kyunghwa Sung, Mansu Cho, Wonho Yang
Summary: IAQ management is crucial in school classrooms, where air purifiers can reduce PM concentrations but most classrooms have CO2 levels exceeding standards and inadequate ventilation. Students perceive CO2 as having a greater impact than PM in classrooms.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dong-Wook Lee, Jongmin Oh, Shinhee Ye, Youngrin Kwag, Wonho Yang, Yangho Kim, Eunhee Ha
Summary: The study found a significant association between exposure to PM10 and blood cadmium concentrations among Korean housewives, suggesting that the body burden of heavy metals is significantly associated with air pollution.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tao Wei, Shuo Yang, Lianze Wang
Summary: This paper presents a new approach to remove indoor air-borne particulate matter by considering the electrohydrodynamic flow generated in a high-voltage gas discharge process. Experimental results show that the porosity and electric field intensity have a significant impact on the removal proportion of particulate matter. The energy efficiency of this approach is also significantly higher compared to conventional air cleaners.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shijun Yan, Chang Liu, Li-an Hou, Bo Wang, Yumeng Zhang
Summary: This study presents a new filterless indoor air purifier, the Cloud-Air-Purifying (CAP) air purifier, which uses heterogeneous condensation and supergravity technology to remove fine particles and disinfect bioaerosols. The CAP air purifier showed high efficiency in purifying particulate matter and effectively disinfecting bioaerosols. The study also investigated other factors such as ClO2 release concentrations, noise, and power consumption, which were found to be within acceptable limits.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sun Un Lee, Ji Yun Lee, Sun Ho Lee, Gi Wan Jeon
Summary: A water-vortex-based air purification method efficiently captures particulate matter of any size by utilizing the increased surface area and circulation of water. The captured particles settle to the bottom due to centrifugal force, allowing the air purifier to maintain 90% of its performance even after trapping 7.0 g of particles. In contrast, a HEPA filter, which uses a deep-bed filtration mechanism, reduces its performance to less than 50% after trapping 3.5 g of particles.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Junemo Koo, Young Min Jo, Tae Jeong Lee, Sowoo Park, Doosam Song
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools in South Korea faced a trade-off problem between airborne transmission risks and elevated indoor PM2.5 concentrations due to increased ventilation rates. This study quantitatively analyzed the impact of ventilation rate on indoor PM2.5 concentrations and COVID-19 transmission risk in classrooms. The results provide important insights into the trade-off between ventilation rate and COVID-19 transmission risk, and can be used to develop strategies for mitigating both risks and ensuring safety.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mostafa Yuness Abdelfatah Mostafa, Hyam Nazmy Bader Khalaf, Michael V. Zhukovsky
Summary: Several studies have confirmed a correlation between the mass concentration of particulate matter (PM) and health-related issues. This particular study focused on quantifying the emission characteristics of different indoor particle sources, finding that electronic cigarettes can significantly increase indoor PM2.5 levels. It is important to continue evaluating indoor PM, assessing the toxic potential of internal molecules, and developing strategies to improve indoor air quality.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Liu Sun, J. David Miller, Keith Van Ryswyk, Amanda J. Wheeler, Marie-Eve Heroux, Mark S. Goldberg, Gary Mallach
Summary: The study found that household characteristics such as the presence of carpeting, low floor cleaning frequency, older home age, high indoor relative humidity, and pets are positively associated with the presence of indoor biocontaminants. On the other hand, high floor cleaning frequency and use of dehumidifiers are negatively associated with the presence of indoor biocontaminants. In addition, mold odor is positively associated with older home age, past water damage, and visible mold growth.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ester Cerin, Anthony Barnett, Jonathan E. Shaw, Erika Martino, Luke D. Knibbs, Rachel Tham, Amanda J. Wheeler, Kaarin J. Anstey
Summary: This study examines the impacts of urban environment features and air pollution on cognitive function in older adults using data from a national sample in Australia. The results show that interrelated built and natural environment features, as well as ambient air pollution, are directly and indirectly related to cognitive function, mediated by cardiometabolic risk factors. The findings suggest that dense, interconnected urban environments with access to parks, blue spaces, and low levels of air pollution may have positive effects on cognitive health through cardiometabolic risk factors.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lance Wallace
Summary: This study investigates the reliability and performance of low-cost particle sensors used for monitoring outdoor air quality. The results suggest that the algorithms provided by the sensor manufacturers may not be accurate, especially under low PM2.5 concentrations.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rachel Tham, Amanda J. Wheeler, Alison Carver, David Dunstan, David Donaire-Gonzalez, Kaarin J. Anstey, Jonathan E. Shaw, Dianna J. Magliano, Erika Martino, Anthony Barnett, Ester Cerin
Summary: Traffic-related air pollution is associated with lower cognitive function and diabetes in older adults. Road density is positively associated with memory, but not processing speed. Major road density is positively associated with memory and processing speed in larger buffers. The relationship between TRAP and memory is positive in the control group, but negative in people with diabetes. TRAP exposure may benefit cognitive function in urban-dwelling people, but not in those with diabetes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sanchita Paul, Aynul Bari
Summary: This study investigated the ambient sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Capital Region of New York State and identified ten sources. The study found significant contributions from petroleum-related emissions and pyrolyzed oxygen to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol. Carcinogenic risk values of benzene, formaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, and acetaldehyde were found to exceed acceptable levels. The findings have important implications for air quality management in the Capital Region.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lance Wallace, Tongke Zhao, Neil E. Klepeis
Summary: This article introduces a method to evaluate the quality of large quantities of real-time particle data obtained from low-cost particle monitors. The author uses two monitors from PurpleAir company and determines new calibration factors. By comparing the data with Federal regulatory sites, the results show that PurpleAir PM2.5 measurements can agree well with regulatory monitors when an optimum calibration factor is found.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Keith Van Ryswyk, Amanda J. Wheeler, Alice Grgicak-Mannion, Xiaohong Xu, Jason Curran, Gianni Caravaggio, Ajae Hall, Penny MacDonald, Jeffrey R. Brook
Summary: This study examines methods for quantifying individual exposure to traffic-related air pollutants and finds that LUR estimates are correlated with summer personal exposure, while winter personal exposure is more related to the length of major roadways. This suggests potential exposure misclassification when using traditional proxy methods, especially for children during key growth and developmental periods.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alison Carver, Miguel Alvarado Molina, Joep L. A. Claesen, Gonnie Klabbers, David Donaire, Gonzalez, Rachel Tham, Ester Cerin, Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, Amanda J. Wheeler
Summary: This study found that vegetation around primary schools in urban areas of Australia is positively associated with higher academic achievement in literacy and mathematics for students. On the other hand, increased vehicle emissions have a negative impact on academic performance. Vehicle emissions partially mediate the relationship between vegetation and academic performance.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sharon L. Campbell, Carina C. Anderson, Amanda J. Wheeler, Stephen Cook, Tim Muster, Fay H. Johnston
Summary: Extreme heat and poor air quality caused by landscape fires are a growing concern worldwide due to anthropogenic climate change. This study aimed to understand the impacts of these environmental conditions on vulnerable population groups in the tropical city of Darwin, Australia, and identify gaps in policy and infrastructure to improve their lives and health. The findings may also provide guidance for other regions facing similar challenges.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lance Wallace, Wayne Ott
Summary: Low-cost monitors now enable long-term measurements of indoor exposure to fine particles, which come from both outdoor infiltration and indoor activities. An infiltration factor is needed to calculate the relative contribution of each source. This study presents a method to identify periods of varying infiltration factor and finds periods of relative constancy. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated using examples from the PurpleAir network, with an improved algorithm offering better accuracy and detection limit than the manufacturer's algorithms.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yong Song, Ling Chen, Ellen Bennett, Amanda J. Wheeler, Katherine Southam, Seiha Yen, Fay Johnston, Graeme R. Zosky
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that inhalation of particulate matter (PM) can have direct adverse effects on liver function. However, in utero exposure to residential PM during mid-late pregnancy has limited impacts on post-natal liver development, except for evidence of liver genomic DNA damage.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Lance Wallace, Tongke Zhao
Summary: The spatial variation of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 over a five-year period in three states was studied using regulatory and low-cost PurpleAir monitors. The results showed that outdoor PM2.5 had a homogeneous spatial variation with high correlations up to at least 10 km. In contrast, indoor PM2.5 had a non-homogeneous spatial variation, even at distances less than 100 m.
Article
Respiratory System
Emily J. Hemstock, Rachel E. Foong, Graham L. Hall, Amanda J. Wheeler, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Marita Dalton, Grant J. Williamson, Caroline Gao, Michael J. Abramson, Fay H. Johnston, Graeme R. Zosky
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of in utero exposure to acute, high-intensity air pollution on lung function later in life. The results showed no detectable differences in lung function between children exposed and unexposed in utero. Therefore, this study concluded that in utero PM2.5 exposure from a local coalmine fire did not have a significant effect on post-natal lung function, although statistical power was limited.
BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Su-Gwang Jeong, Lance Wallace, Donghyun Rim
Summary: Indoor ultrafine particles mainly come from occupant activities and can cause health problems. This study investigates the dynamics of ultrafine particles released from different indoor sources and the impact of aerosol loss mechanisms on their size distribution dynamics.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sanchita Paul, Md Aynul Bari
Summary: The study identified major sources of VOCs in urban areas, including background sources, petroleum-related emissions, and pyrolyzed oxygen, with carcinogenic risk values often exceeding USEPA acceptable levels. Vehicular traffic and other sources posed significant risks to public health. Further research is needed to understand the contribution of VOC sources to ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Waqas, Majid Nazeer, Man Sing Wong, Wu Shaolin, Li Hon, Joon Heo
Summary: The socio-economic restriction measures implemented in the United States have significantly reduced nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions. The study highlights the impact of factors such as human mobility, population density, income, climate, and stationary sources on the reduction of NO2 at different stations. The research emphasizes the scientific impacts of the NO2 reduction and income inequality revealed by the pandemic on air quality and health disparities.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guorui Zhi, Jinhong Du, Aizhong Chen, Wenjing Jin, Na Ying, Zhihui Huang, Peng Xu, Di Wang, Jinghua Ma, Yuzhe Zhang, Jiabao Qu, Hao Zhang, Li Yang, Zhanyun Ma, Yanjun Ren, Hongyan Dang, Jianglong Cui, Pengchuan Lin, Zhuoshi He, Jinmin Zhao, Shuo Qi, Weiqi Zhang, Wenjuan Zhao, Yingxin Li, Qian Liu, Chen Zhao, Yi Tang, Peng Wei, Jingxu Wang, Zhen Song, Yao Kong, Xiangzhe Zhu, Yi Shen, Tianning Zhang, Yangxi Chu, Xinmin Zhang, Jiafeng Fu, Qingxian Gao, Jingnan Hu, Zhigang Xue
Summary: An comprehensive emission inventory for China in 2019, which includes both air pollutants and greenhouse gases, was developed in this study. The inventory utilizes existing frameworks and data to provide comparable emissions data and demonstrates the relationship between emissions and economic development.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
I-Ting Ku, Yong Zhou, Arsineh Hecobian, Katherine Benedict, Brent Buck, Emily Lachenmayer, Bryan Terry, Morgan Frazier, Jie Zhang, Da Pan, Lena Low, Amy Sullivan, Jeffrey L. Collett Jr
Summary: Unconventional oil and natural gas development (UOGD) in the United States has expanded rapidly in recent decades, raising concerns about its impact on air quality. This study conducted extensive air monitoring during the development of several large well pads in Broomfield, Colorado, providing a unique opportunity to examine changes in local air toxics and VOC concentrations during well drilling and completions and production. The study identified significant increases in VOC concentrations during drilling operations, highlighting the importance of emissions from synthetic drilling mud. The findings suggest opportunities to mitigate emissions during UOGD operations.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Puji Lestari, Akbar R. Tasrifani, Wiranda I. Suri, Martin J. Wooster, Mark J. Grosvenor, Yusuke Fujii, Vissia Ardiyani, Elisa Carboni, Gareth Thomas
Summary: This study developed field emission factors for various pollutants in peatland fires and estimated the total emissions. Gas samples were collected using an analyzer, while particulate samples were collected using air samplers. The study found significant emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5, carbon aerosols, water-soluble ions, and elements from the fires in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia in 2019.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ligang Li, Yuyu Chen, Lu Fan, Dong Sun, Hu He, Yongshou Dai, Yong Wan, Fangfang Chen
Summary: A high-precision retrieval method based on a deep convolutional neural network and satellite remote sensing data is proposed to obtain accurate methane vertical profiles.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hyung Joo Lee, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Michael Fitzgibbon
Summary: This study investigated the changes in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) air pollution levels and their disparities in California, U.S. during the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The results showed a decrease in NO2 concentrations, especially in urban and high-traffic areas. However, socially vulnerable populations still experienced higher levels of NO2 exposure. The study suggests that reducing NO2 disparities, particularly racial inequity, can be achieved through continued regulatory actions targeting traffic-related NOx emissions.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Chiara Pietrogrande, Beatrice Biffi, Cristina Colombi, Eleonora Cuccia, Umberto Dal Santo, Luisa Romanato
Summary: This study investigates the chemical composition and oxidative potential of PM10 particles in the Po Valley, Italy, and demonstrates the impact of high levels of atmosphere ammonia. The rural area had significantly higher ammonia concentrations compared to the urban site, resulting in higher levels of secondary inorganic aerosol. Although the SIA components did not contribute significantly to the PM10 oxidative reactivity, they were correlated with the oxidative potential measurements. This suggests that the contribution of SIA to PM oxidative toxicity cannot be ignored.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Natalie Allen, Jan Gacnik, Sarrah M. Dunham-Cheatham, Mae Sexauer Gustin
Summary: Accurate measurement of atmospheric reactive mercury is challenging due to its reactivity and low concentrations. The University of Nevada, Reno Reactive Mercury Active System (RMAS) has been shown to be more accurate than the industry standard, but has limitations including long time resolution and sampling biases. Increasing the sampling flow rate negatively affected RM concentrations, but did not impact the chemical composition of RM captured on membranes.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chin-Yu Hsu, Wei-Ting Hsu, Ching-Yi Mou, Pei-Yi Wong, Chih-Da Wu, Yu-Cheng Chen
Summary: This study estimated the daily exposure concentrations of PM2.5 for elderly individuals residing in different regions of Taiwan using land use regression with machine learning (LUR_ML) and microenvironmental exposure (ME) models. The accuracy of the models varied across regions, with the ME models exhibiting higher predictions and lower biases. The use of region-specific microenvironmental measurements in the ME model showed potential for accurate prediction of personal PM2.5 exposure.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaohan Si, Kerrie Mengersen, Chuchu Ye, Wenbiao Hu
Summary: This study found that there is an interactive effect between air pollutants and weather factors, which significantly affects influenza transmission. Future research should consider the interactive effects between pollutants and temperature or humidity to evaluate the environment-influenza association.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Luxi Xu, Ruijun Xu, Yunshao Ye, Rui Wang, Jing Wei, Chunxiang Shi, Qiaoxuan Lin, Ziquan Lv, Suli Huang, Qi Tian, Yuewei Liu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ambient air pollution on hospital admissions for angina. The results showed that exposure to ambient particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone are associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for angina. The association with nitrogen dioxide exposure was found to be the strongest.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyu Yu, Man Sing Wong, Majid Nazeer, Zhengqiang Li, Coco Yin Tung Kwok
Summary: This study proposes a novel method to address the challenge of missing values in satellite-derived AOD products and creates a comprehensive daily AOD dataset for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. By reconstructing missing values and developing a new model, the derived dataset outperforms existing products and agrees well with ground-based observations. Additionally, the dataset exhibits consistent temporal patterns and more spatial details.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yidan Zhang, Yifan Xu, Bo Peng, Wu Chen, Xiaoyu Cui, Tianle Zhang, Xi Chen, Yuan Yao, Mingjin Wang, Junyi Liu, Mei Zheng, Tong Zhu
Summary: This study developed a sensitive method to measure the metallic components of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and compared the results with different analysis methods. The concentrations of metallic components in personal PM2.5 samples were found to be significantly different from corresponding fixed-site samples. Personal sampling can reduce exposure misclassifications, and measuring metallic components is useful for exploring health risks and identifying sources of PM2.5.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jamie Leonard, Lea Ann El Rassi, Mona Abdul Samad, Samantha Prehn, Sanjay K. Mohanty
Summary: Increasing concentrations of microplastics in the Earth's atmosphere could have adverse effects on ecosystems and human health. The deposition rate of airborne microplastics is influenced by both land use and climate, and a global analysis suggests that climate may have a greater impact on the concentration and deposition rate of microplastics than land use.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Tian Zhou, Xiaowen Zhou, Zining Yang, Carmen Cordoba-Jabonero, Yufei Wang, Zhongwei Huang, Pengbo Da, Qiju Luo, Zhijuan Zhang, Jinsen Shi, Jianrong Bi, Hocine Alikhodja
Summary: This study investigated the long-range transport and effects of North African and Middle Eastern dust in East Asia using lidar observations and model simulations. The results showed that the dust originated from multiple sources and had a long transport time. The vertical distribution of the dust was found to be crucial for assessing its impacts.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
