Journal
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
Volume 77, Issue -, Pages 16-23Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.04.063
Keywords
Direct Injection Gasolines; Particle Number; Gasoline Particulate Filters; Cost effectiveness
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The recent introduction of a Particle Number (PN) limit of 6 x 10(11) # km(-1) for all Direct Injection Gasoline (GDI) vehicles registered in Europe after September 2017, is expected to necessitate a widespread application of Gasoline Particulate Filters (GPF). It is therefore important to assess whether the associated implementation costs can be justified on the basis of the societal benefits. Monetary valuation of externalities originating from the reduction of Particle Number and Black Carbon emissions, accounting for any fuel consumption and Carbon Dioxide penalties, provided evidence that a GPF installation can be a cost effective solution. Emission projections up to 2030, revealed that the three year delay in the implementation year, will introduce a relatively limited burden on future air quality, owing to the currently limited population of GDIs. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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