Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Malgorzata Sidorkiewicz
Summary: The maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis involves complicated processes such as regulation of cholesterol synthesis, dietary uptake, and bile acid synthesis and excretion. Reverse cholesterol transport, mediated by high-density lipoproteins, plays a vital role in transferring cholesterol from non-hepatic cells to the liver for excretion. MicroRNA-33 has been identified as a key regulator of cholesterol homeostasis, impacting both cellular cholesterol efflux and bile metabolism in the liver. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to new perspectives in microRNA-targeted treatment for cholesterol imbalance.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Olanrewaju Oladosu, Ikechukwu C. Esobi, Rhonda R. Powell, Terri Bruce, Alexis Stamatikos
Summary: Cholesterol-laden macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) both contribute to atherosclerosis. This study reveals that ABCA1 and ABCG1 are important transporters for cholesterol efflux in VSMC. Interestingly, when ABCG1 expression is impaired, SR-BI expression is upregulated and compensates for HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. These findings provide insight into the anti-atherogenic properties of SR-BI in VSMC.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yasuhiro Endo, Masanori Fujita, Katsunori Ikewaki
Summary: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western countries. Recent epidemiology studies have shown a U-shaped relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and CVD mortality, with increased mortality in patients with extremely high HDL-C levels. HDL-C raising therapy using nicotinic acids or CETP inhibitors has shown limited efficacy in reducing CVD events. As a result, the focus has shifted to evaluating HDL functionality as a novel biomarker for CVD risk. This review provides an overview of the current status and future perspectives on HDL functions, based on findings from basic research and clinical trials.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ruo Man Wu, Chun Yan Wang, Jie Wang, Xiao Le Xu
Summary: This study found that paeoniflorin has potential therapeutic value for atherosclerosis by promoting reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) and inhibiting inflammation. It reduced atherosclerosis, improved hyperlipidemia, and mitigated hepatic steatosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Shuwei Hu, Yingdong Zhu, Xiaojie Zhao, Rui Li, Guangze Shao, Dongxu Gong, Chencheng Hu, Hongjun Liu, Kexin Xu, Chenxi Liu, Minghuan Xu, Zhonghua Zhao, Tao Li, Zhigang Hu, Mengle Shao, Xinwei Li, Huijuan Wu, Jing Li, Yanyong Xu
Summary: This study identifies lipocalin-2 (Lcn2) as a key regulator of hepatic scavenger receptor group B type 1 (SR-BI) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, and its role in atherosclerosis. Lcn2 improves HDL metabolism and alleviates atherogenesis by inhibiting Nedd4-1-mediated SR-BI ubiquitination at specific sites. Hepatocyte Lcn2 may be a promising target for improving HDL metabolism and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marc P. Bonaca, Richard T. George, David A. Morrow, Brian A. Bergmark, Jeong-Gun Park, Liron Abuhatzira, Andrea L. Vavere, Sotirios K. Karathanasis, ChaoYu Jin, Dewei She, Boaz Hirshberg, Judy Hsia, Marc S. Sabatine
Summary: The study demonstrated that multiple ascending doses of MEDI6012 were safe and well tolerated, and significantly increased HDL-C, HDL cholesteryl ester, and total cholesteryl ester levels in a dose-related manner. These findings support the ongoing Phase 2b program investigating MEDI6012 in ST-elevation MI.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olivier Kamtchueng Simo, Hicham Berrougui, Tamas Fulop, Abdelouahed Khalil
Summary: Aging may reduce the ability of HDL to mediate reverse cholesterol transport, while an atherogenic diet can enhance this process. Cholesterol accumulation in the aortas is more pronounced in aged mice, exacerbating susceptibility to diet-induced atherosclerosis. The dysregulation of membrane cholesterol transporters' expression levels contributes to this phenomenon.
Article
Hematology
Fen Gao, Gao-jie Feng, Hong Li, Wei-wei Qin, Chuan-shi Xiao
Summary: The study showed that dysfunctional HDL from coronary heart disease patients decreased SR-B1 expression, potentially correlating with the severity of coronary congestion.
CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cuiling Xian, Disheng Lai, Jiaming Liu, Shixin Li, Junlin Cao, Kengyu Chen, Dajun Liang, Nanlin Fu, Yan Wang, Mingzhu Xiao
Summary: Protein-enriched extract (PE) from housefly maggots (Musca domestica) can alleviate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice by promoting cholesterol metabolism and bile acid production.
ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bianca Papotti, Joan Carles Escola-Gil, Josep Julve, Francesco Poti, Ilaria Zanotti
Summary: Reverse cholesterol transport is a physiological mechanism that protects cells from excessive cholesterol accumulation, while dietary lipids may have detrimental effects on cardiovascular health. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action of different types of dietary lipids on various steps of RCT and provides a critical analysis of data from experimental models to clarify their effects on cardiovascular disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emmanuel Opoku, Stela Berisha, Gregory Brubaker, Peggy Robinet, Jonathan D. Smith
Summary: Transgenic overexpression of apoA1 and the MPO resistant 4WF isoform can delay the progression of atherosclerosis and promote lesion regression in mouse models, with the 4WF isoform showing similar effectiveness in promoting lesion regression compared to the unmodified apoA1 isoform.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sarina Kajani, Sean Curley, Marcella E. O'Reilly, Xiaofei Yin, Eugene T. Dillon, Weili Guo, Kanishka N. Nilaweera, Lorraine Brennan, Helen M. Roche, Fiona C. McGillicuddy
Summary: This study suggests that the use of the anti-inflammatory drug sodium salicylate (NaS) can mitigate the effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on cholesterol transport, but it does not improve the high cholesterol levels in the blood. NaS can improve metabolic pathways by increasing fatty acid utilization in the liver and reducing hepatic cholesterol levels. However, NaS does not rescue the expression of the cholesterol transporter protein ABCG5/8.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Hao Xu, Michael J. Thomas, Sushma Kaul, Rachel Kallinger, Amber B. Ouweneel, Elisa Maruko, Sabrina M. Oussaada, Aldo Jongejan, Huib A. Cense, Max Nieuwdorp, Mireille J. Serlie, Ira J. Goldberg, Mete Civelek, Brian W. Parks, Aldons J. Lusis, Darcy Knaack, Rebecca L. Schill, Sarah C. May, John J. Reho, Justin L. Grobe, Benjamin Gantner, Daisy Sahoo, Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
Summary: The study investigates the role of Pcpe2 in SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake and adipose lipid storage, revealing a novel function for Pcpe2 in modulating SR-BI expression and function. Pcpe2 deficiency leads to abnormal lipid storage in adipose tissue and affects cholesterol balance, with the restoration of SR-BI-mediated HDL-C uptake by preincubation with exogenous Pcpe2.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Masato Sasaki, Mina Delawary, Hidetaka Sakurai, Hideki Kobayashi, Naoki Nakao, Hiromi Tsuru, Yumiko Fukushima, Shoko Honzumi, Sachiko Moriyama, Naoya Wada, Toshio Kaneko, Keisuke Yamada, Naoki Terasaka, Kazuishi Kubota
Summary: The study explores the potential of DS-8190a as a novel therapeutic for atherosclerosis, showing its ability to increase HDL cholesterol levels and reduce atherosclerotic lesion area in monkeys and rodent models.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cheng Zhang, Xuewen Wu, Pengmin Shi, Hongyu Ma, Fei Fang, Qianlang Feng, Shuang Zhao, Ruipu Zhang, Jinyuan Huang, Xinting Xu, Weilie Xiao, Guang Cao, Xu Ji
Summary: In this study, it was found that diterpenoids from the traditional Chinese medicine Callicarpa rubella could effectively inhibit oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced macrophage foam cell formation by promoting cholesterol efflux, suggesting their potential as drugs for the treatment of atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dolores Busso, Guadalupe Echeverria, Alvaro Passi-Solar, Fernanda Morales, Marcelo Farias, Paula Margozzini
Summary: According to the 2016-2017 National Health Survey, folate deficiency is almost non-existent in women of childbearing age in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, suggesting that mandatory fortification of folic acid is an effective measure.
PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION
(2021)
Review
Developmental Biology
Claudette Cantin, Gabriela Arenas, Solange San Martin, Andrea Leiva
Summary: Hypercholestemlemia is a main risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, with maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy having significant implications on endothelial and macrophage function. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves processes such as endothelial activation, macrophage differentiation, and cholesterol efflux, which play crucial roles in disease development. Additionally, fetal lipoproteins may also contribute to vascular effects in maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cristian Espinoza, Barbara Fuenzalida, Andrea Leiva
Summary: Maternal metabolic diseases such as gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in fetuses. These conditions may synergistically increase fetal CVD risk through impaired placental nutrient transport and endothelial dysfunction. Further research is needed to understand the specific cellular processes and to identify potential treatment options.
CURRENT VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Lorena Carvajal, Jaime Gutierrez, Eugenia Morselli, Andrea Leiva
Summary: Early human placental development involves blastocyct implantation and differentiation of trophoblast cells to ensure proper fetal nutrition. The invasive nature of extravillous trophoblast cells is crucial for vascular remodeling and fetal growth, a process that involves common cellular mechanisms with cancer cell metastasis. Autophagy plays a significant role in trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling, with a dual role in cancer cells depending on tumor type and stage.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dolores Busso, Andrea David, Reyna Penailillo, Guadalupe Echeverria, Attilio Rigotti, Irina Kovalskys, Georgina Gomez, Lilia Yadira Cortes Sanabria, Martha Cecilia Yepez Garcia, Rossina G. Pareja, Marianella Herrera-Cuenca, Mauro Fisberg
Summary: Research found that vitamin E intake is inadequate in Latin American women of reproductive age, while vitamin C intake is relatively sufficient. The main food sources of vitamin E are fats and oils, as well as vegetables, while vitamin C intake is mainly from fruit juices, fruits, and vegetables. Additionally, a third of Latin American women were found to have deficient intake of both vitamins, highlighting the need for further research in this area.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
S. Contreras-Duarte, C. Cantin, M. Farias, A. Leiva
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of MSPD on GDM and how these pathologies together affect fetoplacental endothelial function. Results showed increased TC and TG in MSPD and GDM-MSPD groups, decreased eNOS activity, increased hCat1 protein and L-arginine transport, and higher Arginase II protein and activity in GDM-MSPD compared to MPD.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Camila Lopez-Crisosto, Raul Arias-Carrasco, Pablo Sepulveda, Luis Garrido-Olivares, Vinicius Maracaja-Coutinho, Hugo E. Verdejo, Pablo F. Castro, Sergio Lavandero
Summary: Pulmonary hypertension is a rare but high morbidity and mortality disease mainly affecting women of reproductive age. Despite recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, the high heterogeneity in presentation among different patients makes accurate diagnosis and effective treatment challenging. Therefore, new studies focusing on personalized medicine are needed to overcome the lack of specificity and efficacy in current management.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Letter
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cristian Espinoza, Barbara Fuenzalida, Andrea Leiva
CURRENT VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Claudette Cantin, Maria Jesus Garchitorena, Rodrigo Escalona, Jorge A. Carvajal, Sebastian E. Illanes, Jaime Gutierrez, Andrea Leiva
Summary: Maternal supraphysiological hypercholesterolemia (MSPH) during pregnancy is associated with elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and increased levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). The altered composition and function of LDL in MSPH women may contribute to maternal vascular dysfunction.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Jose Yanez, Andrea Leiva
Summary: The placenta plays a crucial role in cholesterol biosynthesis, metabolism, and exchange between the maternal and fetal compartments. The mechanisms of cholesterol uptake and intracellular traffic in placental cells are not fully understood. Proteins such as LDLR, SR-BI, ABCA1, and ABCG1 are involved in the transport of cholesterol. The role of proteins related to intracellular cholesterol traffic in placental cells during normal and pathological pregnancies is still largely unknown. Oxidative stress induced by ROS has been implicated in lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemic pregnancies.
Article
Cell Biology
Barbara Fuenzalida, Sampada Kallol, Jonas Zaugg, Martin Mueller, Hiten D. Mistry, Jaime Gutierrez, Andrea Leiva, Christiane Albrecht
Summary: This study used a primary human trophoblast cell model to mimic the characteristics of preeclampsia (PE) under hypoxic conditions. The results showed that this cell model reflected important pathological processes occurring in PE, making it suitable for in vitro studies of PE.
Article
Developmental Biology
Macarena Aguilera-Olguin, Andrea Leiva
Summary: This review summarizes the available information on the trafficking of low-density lipoprotein receptors in placental cells during pregnancy, highlighting their significance in normal and pathological pregnancies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silke Morris, Isidora Molina-Riquelme, Gonzalo Barrientos, Francisco Bravo, Geraldine Aedo, Wileidy Gomez, Daniel Lagos, Hugo Verdejo, Stefan Peischard, Guiscard Seebohm, Olympia Ekaterini Psathaki, Veronica Eisner, Karin B. Busch
Summary: Dysfunction of the aging heart is a major cause of death. The morphology and function of the mitochondrial inner membrane are closely related. Studying the relationship between inner mitochondrial membrane architecture and function is important for understanding cell aging.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Macarena Ortiz, Francisca Sanchez, Daniela Alvarez, Cristian Flores, Francisca Salas-Perez, Rodrigo Valenzuela, Claudette Cantin, Andrea Leiva, Nicolas Crisosto, Manuel Maliqueo
Summary: Maternal obesity and the imbalance of linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6, LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3, ALA) levels are associated with alterations in biomarkers of fetal liver function. Obese women showed lower levels of stearic acid (C18:0, ST) and tended to have lower total n-3 FAs in umbilical cord VLDLs compared to controls. Regardless of maternal obesity, GGT levels in umbilical cord blood were positively correlated with LA content and negatively correlated with ALA content in maternal erythrocytes.
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Valentina Pasten, Alejandra Tapia-Castillo, Carlos E. Fardella, Andrea Leiva, Cristian A. Carvajal
Summary: This study found that 18% of normotensive pregnant women had either high aldosterone or high renin levels, suggesting a subclinical status similar to primary aldosteronism or hyperreninemia, respectively. sEVs and their specific cargo should be further studied to clarify their role as potential biomarkers of RAAS alterations in pregnant women.