Journal
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 11, Pages 2481-2490Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.113.301517
Keywords
cholesterol; 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; high-density lipoproteins; very-low-density lipoproteins
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Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [MOP-89972]
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Quebec
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario
- Mike Rosenbloom Fund for Cardiovascular Research
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Objective The hypothesis that cholesterol that enters the cell within low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles rapidly equilibrates with the regulatory pool of intracellular cholesterol and maintains cholesterol homeostasis by reducing cholesterol and LDL receptor synthesis was validated in the fibroblast but not in the hepatocyte. Accordingly, the present studies were designed to compare the effects of cholesterol that enters the hepatocyte within an LDL particle with those of cholesterol that enters via other lipoprotein particles. Approach and Results We measured cholesterol synthesis and esterification in hamster hepatocytes treated with LDL and other lipoprotein particles, including chylomicron remnants and VLDL. Endogenous cholesterol synthesis was not significantly reduced by uptake of LDL, but cholesterol esterification (280%) and acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 expression (870%) were increased. In contrast, cholesterol synthesis was significantly reduced (70% decrease) with other lipoprotein particles. Furthermore, more cholesterol that entered the hepatocyte within LDL particles was secreted within VLDL particles (480%) compared with cholesterol from other sources. Conclusions Much of the cholesterol that enters the hepatocyte within LDL particles is shunted through the cell and resecreted within VLDL particles without reaching equilibrium with the regulatory pool.
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