Journal
ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA
Volume 66, Issue 2B, Pages 436-443Publisher
ASSOC ARQUIVOS NEURO- PSIQUIATRIA
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-282X2008000300035
Keywords
apathy; Alzheimer's disease; decision-making; orbito-frontal cortex; anterior cingulate cortex; basal ganglia; dopamine
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Apathy is considered the most frequent neuropsychiatric disturbance in dementia and its outcome is generally deleterious. Apathy can be related to a dysfunction of the anatomical-system that supports the generation of voluntary actions, namely the prefrontal cortex and/or the prefrontal-subcortical circuits. In Alzheimer's disease, pathological and neuroimaging data indicate that apathy is likely due to a dysfunction of the medial prefrontal cortex. Accordingly, in this review article, we propose a pathophysiological model to explain apathetic behavior in Alzheimer's disease, combining data from neuroimaging, neuropathology and experimental research on the role of orbito-frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia and dopamine in decision-making neurobiology.
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