Article
Veterinary Sciences
Joaquim Segales, Marina Sibila
Summary: Current knowledge on Porcine circovirus diseases (PCVD) caused by Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) includes subclinical infection, systemic disease, reproductive disease, and other related conditions. The diagnosis of PCVD is based on clinical signs, lesions, and viral detection. Molecular biology methods have been used for monitoring PCVD, but should be considered as monitoring tools rather than diagnostic ones. The epidemiological picture of PCV-2 has changed due to vaccination, leading to a decrease in infectious pressure and overall herd immunity. The need for diagnosing PCVD has increased in cases with PCV-2-like conditions after vaccination.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weilong Ji, Xinwei Zhang, Guyu Niu, Si Chen, Xue Li, Lin Yang, Liying Zhang, Linzhu Ren
Summary: This study demonstrates that recombinant capsids of PCV can serve as candidate antigens for vaccine development, as they exhibit adequate immunogenicity and can induce specific antibodies. Additionally, the antibodies prepared in this study have the potential for cross-reactivity with multiple PCVs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Umberto Molini, Lauren Michelle Coetzee, Maria Yvonne Hemberger, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon, Giovanni Franzo
Summary: The impact of PCV-2 virus in the swine industry has been largely reduced through vaccination administration, but the emergence of novel PCV-2 genotypes poses a threat to the efficacy of vaccines. A study found the presence of the previously considered extinct PCV-2c genotype in Namibian wild animal populations, indicating a higher level of host plasticity for PCV-2.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Maria Grazia Amoroso, Francesco Serra, Claudia Esposito, Nicola D'Alessio, Gianmarco Ferrara, Barbara Cioffi, Antonietta Anzalone, Ugo Pagnini, Esterina De Carlo, Giovanna Fusco, Serena Montagnaro
Summary: A retrospective study was conducted to detect the presence of PCV-2 and PCV-3 genomes in wild boar samples in the Campania region. The combined prevalence was 74.32%, with 22.30% of animals being coinfected. Gender was identified as a significant risk factor for the disease. The study provides insights into the circulation of PCV-2 and PCV-3 in wild boars in Campania, Southern Italy.
Article
Microbiology
Sergei Raev, Anton Yuzhakov, Taras Aliper
Summary: The study investigated the genetic diversity of PCV2 strains in Russia, finding that PCV2d was predominant while PCV2a and PCV2b were less common. Antibody recognition sites in Russian PCV2 strains differed from those in a PCV2a vaccine strain, possibly limiting the effectiveness of PCV2a-based vaccines.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qianling Peng, Jiqiang Shi, Yifei Lang, Yulan Zhu, Xiaobo Huang, Sanjie Cao, Qigui Yan, Shan Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) and characterized their genetic and serological features. The data showed that PCV2d and PCV3a are widely distributed in Southwest China, while PCV4 has sporadic circulation. Serological investigations revealed high antibody positivity for PCV2, followed by PCV4 and PCV3. The findings contribute to the understanding of PCV epidemiology and provide new insights for antiviral interventions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Umberto Molini, Lauren Michelle Coetzee, Leandra Van Zyl, Siegfried Khaiseb, Giovanni Cattoli, William G. Dundon, Giovanni Franzo
Summary: The presence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) has been discovered in the lung lymph nodes of Namibian jackals, suggesting a broader host tropism for PCV-2 than previously thought. The viruses were found to have a close genetic relationship with PCV-2b strains collected from domestic pigs in South Africa and Namibia. It is speculated that the infection may have occurred through the dispersal of pig-derived products in the wild or the scavenging activity of jackals living in peri-urban areas. Further studies are needed to understand how PCV-2 is acquired and maintained in wild canids and its potential impact on other wild and domestic species.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Giulia Faustini, Michele Drigo, Maria Luisa Menandro, Daniela Pasotto, Franzo Giovanni
Summary: Four porcine circoviruses, including PCV-2, -3, and the recently identified PCV-4, have a common history of circulating and coexisting with domestic pigs undetected for decades. The phylodynamic analysis of PCV-4 sequences suggests an ancient origin at least a few decades ago, followed by a gradual increase in circulation and a moderate rise in viral population size since the second half of the 20th century. PCV-4 shows limited spreading capacity and a geographically clustered distribution, which requires further investigation.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Marina Sibila, Caterina Rocco, Giovanni Franzo, Eva Huerta, Mariano Domingo, Jose Ignacio Nunez, Joaquim Segales
Summary: Vaccination against porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is common worldwide to prevent PCV-2 outbreaks. The study found that primarily PCV-2b and PCV-2d genotypes were detected in vaccinated animals diagnosed with PCV-2-systemic disease, with a shift towards a predominance of the PCV-2d genotype over time.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
G. Franzo, M. Ustulin, P. Zanardelli, A. Castellan, N. Villa, A. Manfredda, D. Vio, M. Drigo
Summary: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) infections have significant economic impact in swine farming. This study reports the detection and genetic characterization of PCV-2e genotype in Europe for the first time. The presence of PCV-2e in asymptomatic sows emphasizes the need for intensive monitoring and evaluation of current vaccines and diagnostic assays.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alicia de Sousa Moreira, Sergio Santos-Silva, Joao Mega, Josman D. Palmeira, Rita T. Torres, Joao R. Mesquita
Summary: This study investigated the presence of the PCV-2d genotype in wild boars in Portugal and emphasized the importance of monitoring wild PCV-2 reservoirs.
Editorial Material
Virology
Rocio Holgado-Martin, Jose Luis Arnal, Marina Sibila, Giovanni Franzo, Desiree Martin-Jurado, David Risco, Joaquim Segales, Luis Gomez
Summary: Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV-4) is a newly discovered virus that was first found in domestic pigs from China and later detected in wild boar populations from China, South Korea, and Thailand. This Comment reports the first detection of PCV-4 in Europe, specifically in wild boar and domestic pigs from Spain. The study found a relatively high prevalence of PCV-4 in Spanish wild boar and a low prevalence in Iberian pigs from the same areas, suggesting possible intra- and interspecific transmission and the potential role of wild boar as a viral reservoir.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Menghang Wang, Ying Yu, Jianan Wu, Shujie Wang, Luis G. Gimenez-Lirola, Pablo Pineyro, Yu Wang, Hongliang Cui, Xijun He, Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Yabin Tu, Xuehui Cai, Gang Wang
Summary: In this study, researchers isolated and characterized the PCV3-DB-1 strain in PK-15 cells. They observed PCV-like particles through electron microscopy and confirmed the replication of PCV3 in PK-15 cell culture using in situ hybridization RNA analysis. Phylogenetic analysis placed PCV3-DB-1 in the PCV3a clade based on its Cap protein characteristics.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Libin Wen, Kongwang He
Summary: PCV2, associated with PCVAD in pigs, has caused economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Since its discovery in the late 1990s, PCV2 has evolved with new genotypes and recombination between different genotypes.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Seok-Chan Park, Suwon Kim, Tae-Won Jeong, Byungkwan Oh, Chae Woong Lim, Bumseok Kim
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) in slaughtered pigs and wild boars in Korea. The positive rates of PCV2 were higher in slaughtered pigs compared to wild boars, and the positive rates of PCV3 were also higher in slaughtered pigs compared to wild boars. Continuous surveillance and further study are needed for these emerging diseases.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Wenjuan Du, Daniel L. Hurdiss, Dubravka Drabek, Anna Z. Mykytyn, Franziska K. Kaiser, Mariana Gonzalez-Hernandez, Diego Munoz-Santos, Mart M. Lamers, Rien van Haperen, Wentao Li, Ieva Drulyte, Chunyan Wang, Isabel Sola, Federico Armando, Georg Beythien, Malgorzata Ciurkiewicz, Wolfgang Baumgartner, Kate Guilfoyle, Tony Smits, Joline van der Lee, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld, Geert van Amerongen, Bart L. Haagmans, Luis Enjuanes, Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus, Frank Grosveld, Berend-Jan Bosch
Summary: The emergence of the Omicron variant, resulting from the ongoing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, poses a challenge due to its immune escape potential. However, a receptor-blocking human monoclonal antibody, 87G7, has been identified to retain potent neutralizing activity against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron. It targets a conserved region in the ACE2-binding site, explaining its broad neutralization capacity. In animal models, 87G7 demonstrated both prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 challenges. This finding suggests that 87G7 holds promise as a resilient prophylactic or therapeutic agent for COVID-19.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sylvia Rothenberger, Daniel L. Hurdiss, Marcel Walser, Francesca Malvezzi, Jennifer Mayor, Sarah Ryter, Hector Moreno, Nicole Liechti, Andreas Bosshart, Chloe Iss, Valerie Calabro, Andreas Cornelius, Tanja Hospodarsch, Alexandra Neculcea, Thamar Looser, Anja Schlegel, Simon Fontaine, Denis Villemagne, Maria Paladino, Dieter Schiegg, Susanne Mangold, Christian Reichen, Filip Radom, Yvonne Kaufmann, Doris Schaible, Iris Schlegel, Christof Zitt, Gabriel Sigrist, Marcel Straumann, Julia Wolter, Marco Comby, Feyza Sacarcelik, Ieva Drulyte, Heyrhyoung Lyoo, Chunyan Wang, Wentao Li, Wenjuan Du, H. Kaspar Binz, Rachel Herrup, Sabrina Lusvarghi, Sabari Nath Neerukonda, Russell Vassell, Wei Wang, Julia M. Adler, Kathrin Eschke, Mariana Nascimento, Azza Abdelgawad, Achim D. Gruber, Judith Bushe, Olivia Kershaw, Charles G. Knutson, Kamal K. Balavenkatraman, Krishnan Ramanathan, Emanuel Wyler, Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves, Seth Lewis, Randall Watson, Micha A. Haeuptle, Alexander Zuercher, Keith M. Dawson, Daniel Steiner, Carol D. Weiss, Patrick Amstutz, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld, Michael T. Stumpp, Berend-Jan Bosch, Olivier Engler, Jakob Trimpert
Summary: A trispecific DARPin protein called ensovibep has been found to inhibit multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2, including Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2. Both animal and in vitro experiments have shown that ensovibep exhibits similar antiviral effects compared to standard monoclonal antibodies, suggesting it could be a promising new therapy against COVID-19.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jingping Ren, Wei Zeng, Changsheng Jiang, Chang Li, Chengjun Zhang, Hua Cao, Wentao Li, Qigai He
Summary: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes detrimental effects on the global swine industry. The study demonstrates that cinchonine can effectively inhibit PEDV replication by inducing cellular autophagy, suggesting its potential as a novel antiviral agent.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Hailong Ma, Wentao Li, Mengjia Zhang, Zhengxin Yang, Lili Lin, Ahmed H. Ghonaim, Qigai He
Summary: This study investigates the source, evolutionary history, and transmission pattern of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) in China. Phylogenetic analyses reveal four distinct lineages of APPV in China, with the greatest diversity observed in this country. Bayesian analyses suggest that the E2 gene of APPV evolves at a mean rate of 1.22 x 10(-3) substitutions/site/year. The most recent common ancestor of APPV is estimated to have existed in 1886, earlier than the emergence of congenital tremor (CT) in 1922. The study also finds that APPV possibly originated in the Netherlands and was introduced into China between 1837 and 2010. Guangdong, together with central and southwest China, played a significant role in the dispersal of APPV within China. The transmission pattern of China lineages shows a south to north movement tendency, possibly influenced by strict environmental policies implemented in China since 2000. The findings also suggest that the diversification of APPV lineages is driven by positively selected pressure and geographic adaptations.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Bingzhou Zhang, Changsheng Jiang, Hua Cao, Wei Zeng, Jingping Ren, Yaofang Hu, Wentao Li, Qigai He
Summary: This study reveals that the quorum sensing system plays a role in regulating the heat shock resistance of Glaesserella parasuis and identifies key genes involved in this process.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shuojun Li, Yumei Sun, Moqing Du, Aishao Shangguan, Zhongzhu Liu, Wentao Li, Liu Lina, Wenju Liu, Shujun Zhang, Heyou Han
Summary: This study describes an application of graphene oxide nanoparticles (GONs) for the combined inhibition of Pseudorabies Virus (PRV). The GONs enable targeted cleaving of the PRV genome through delivery of a CRISPR/Cas9 system and direct interaction with viral particles. Cell studies showed that GONs-CRISPR allows efficient intracellular delivery of CRISPR plasmid DNA and significant inhibition of PRV replication, resulting in a decrease in progeny PRV by approximately 4000 times.
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Reina S. S. Sikkema, Erwin de Bruin, Christian Ramakers, Robbert Bentvelsen, Wentao Li, Berend-Jan Bosch, Brenda Westerhuis, Bart Haagmans, Marion P. G. Koopmans, Pieter L. A. Fraaij
Summary: The prevention and control measures for SARS-CoV-2 have not only affected its circulation, but also the timing and prevalence of other seasonal respiratory viruses, especially in children. Limited information is available on the exposure and infections of seasonal coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 in children during the first year of the pandemic.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei Zeng, Jingping Ren, Gan Yang, Changsheng Jiang, Ling Dong, Qi Sun, Yaofang Hu, Wentao Li, Qigai He
Summary: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an alpha-coronavirus that causes severe symptoms and high mortality in piglets. Previous studies have shown that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can inhibit the replication of human coronaviruses, and this study demonstrates that PEDV can interact with ER stress and be inhibited by it. The non-structural protein 14 (nsp14) of PEDV plays a crucial role in inhibiting the ER stress marker glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and its guanine-N7-methyltransferase domain is necessary for this role. PEDV and its nsp14 also negatively regulate host translation and suppress GRP78 transcription. These findings suggest that targeting ER stress and PEDV nsp14 could be a potential approach for developing anti-PEDV drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Wenjuan Du, Rick Janssens, Anna Z. Mykytyn, Wentao Li, Dubravka Drabek, Rien van Haperen, Marianthi Chatziandreou, Melanie Rissmann, Joline van der Lee, Melissa van Dortmondt, Itziar Serna Martin, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld, Daniel L. Hurdiss, Bart L. Haagmans, Frank Grosveld, Berend-Jan Bosch
Summary: A six-antigen binding site biparatopic heavy-chain-only antibody is designed, which shows potent neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron variants, and protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a hamster model.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Chengjun Zhang, Shuai Li, Mengjia Zhang, Yongtao Li, Luis G. Gimenez-Lirola, Bin Li, Wentao Li
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Shengnan Ruan, Wenhui Ren, Bin Yu, Xuexiang Yu, Hao Wu, Wentao Li, Yunbo Jiang, Qigai He
Summary: In this study, a new TaqMan-based RT-qPCR assay was developed to detect and type the circulating PRRSV strains in Chinese swine populations. The assay showed high specificity, sensitivity, and concordance with reference assays, and could assist in monitoring PRRSV prevalence and implementing prevention and control strategies effectively.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Xiaoyue Ma, Hanling Liu, Qianqian Jia, Yumiao Zheng, Wentao Li, Mengyu Chang, Haixia Fu, Hongmei Zhu
Summary: Glucocorticoids (GCs) serve as endocrine hormones and play a crucial role in various physiological processes, including mammary growth and lactation, circulatory metabolism, and responses to external stimuli. This review highlights the impact of GCs changes on ruminant mammary gland function and disease, emphasizing the modulation of mammary gland development by GCs and the negative effect of stress-induced excessive release of GCs on milk production. The review also discusses the potential therapeutic use of exogenous GCs in alleviating mastitis symptoms.
STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yaofang Hu, Changsheng Jiang, Yueqiao Zhao, Hua Cao, Jingping Ren, Wei Zeng, Mengjia Zhang, Yongtao Li, Qigai He, Wentao Li
Summary: In this study, the TurboID proximity labeling system was used to identify and study host proteins in iPAM cells that interact with the ApxI toxin of APP. Mass spectrometry identified 318 unique interacting proteins, with only one membrane protein CAV1 being identified. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the interaction between CAV1 and ApxIA. These findings provide valuable insights for the clinical treatment of PCP.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Virology
Yue Wang, Huimin Huang, Dongliang Li, Chenxu Zhao, Shuai Li, Panpan Qin, Yaqin Li, Xia Yang, Wenjuan Du, Wentao Li, Yongtao Li
Summary: In this study, a recombinant PEDV expressing renilla luciferase was used to screen potential anti-PEDV agents from an FDA-approved drug library, and four compounds were identified. Among them, niclosamide showed the most potent antiviral activity and the highest selectivity index, and it could efficiently inhibit viral RNA synthesis, protein expression, and viral progeny production. Additionally, a combination with other small molecule inhibitors of endosomal acidification enhanced the anti-PEDV effect of niclosamide.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinyue Zhou, Mengjia Zhang, Hanyu Zhang, Hailong Ma, Jiaru Zhou, Hua Cao, Guanghao Guo, Ningning Ma, Qigai He, Yongle Yang, Yifei Lang, Yaowei Huang, Wentao Li
Summary: This study successfully generated and purified six monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting the spike protein of SADS-CoV. Three of these antibodies were capable of neutralizing SADS-CoV infection, and it was found that the hemagglutination phenomenon induced by SADS-CoV could be effectively suppressed by monoclonal antibodies specifically targeting the S1A domain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
