Article
Medicine, Legal
Melanie L. Foster, Debabrata Mahapatra, Robert R. Maronpot, Masayuki Nishino, Shuichi Chiba, Mihoko Koyanagi, Florence Burleson, Shim-mo Hayashi
Summary: In an OECD test, different concentrations of gardenia blue powder were added to rat feed, resulting in treatment-related findings without significant adverse effects.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Fasheng Liu, Hongmei Hu, Guilan Chen, Yanqi Lin, Wei Li, Ziyi Liu, Chao Chen, Xue Li, Sujie Sun, Li Zhang, Dou Yang, Kangyu Liu, Guanghua Xiong, Xinjun Liao, Huiqiang Lu, Zigang Cao, Jianjun Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of pexidartinib on embryonic development and immunotoxicity in zebrafish, and found that pexidartinib caused developmental defects and reduced immune cell numbers, possibly through hyperactivation of the Wnt signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of pexidartinib.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rayetta G. Henderson, Brian T. Welsh, John M. Rogers, Susan J. Borghoff, Kristen R. Trexler, Marcel O. Bonn-Miller, Timothy W. Lefever
Summary: A study was conducted on rats to determine the potential reproductive or developmental toxicity of cannabidiol (CBD). High doses of CBD caused mortality, moribundity, decreased body weight and food consumption in the adult rats, indicating severe maternal toxicity. No adverse effects were observed on reproductive performance or organs, but hypertrophy/hyperplasia in the thyroid gland, changes in thyroid hormone concentrations, litter loss, and dystocia were observed. Lower mean pup weights were also observed in high-dose group. Based on this study, the No Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs) for CBD were determined.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Yi Liu, Jing Guo, Wenjin Liu, Fengjie Yang, Yunyun Deng, Yunlong Meng, Bo Cheng, Jianping Fu, June Zhang, Xinjun Liao, Lili Wei, Huiqiang Lu
Summary: Pesticides, such as haloxyfop-p-methyl, are harmful to the aquatic ecosystem as they leave residues in soil, water, and agricultural products. This study investigated the toxic effects of haloxyfop-p-methyl on zebrafish and found developmental, neurotoxic, and immunotoxic effects. Zebrafish larvae exhibited spinal deformities, decreased body length, slow heart rate, and enlarged yolk sac area. Behavior analysis showed reduced activity, accompanied by higher AChE activity. Exposure to haloxyfop-p-methyl also induced oxidative stress and affected immune cell populations in the thymus. Furthermore, haloxyfop-p-methyl caused neutrophil apoptosis and increased expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes. These findings provide insights into the toxicological mechanisms of haloxyfop-p-methyl in teleosts.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katarina Baralic, Dragana Javorac, Durdica Maric, Danijela Dukic-Cosic, Zorica Bulat, Evica Antonijevic Miljakovic, Milena Andelkovic, Biljana Antonijevic, Michael Aschner, Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
Summary: The main objective of this research was to investigate the dose-response relationship between metal/metalloid blood concentration and serum hormone levels. The study included male participants from different cohorts and confirmed the dose-response relationships for all investigated metals/metalloid and hormones.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lingling Qian, Chen Chen, Liguo Guo, Junping Deng, Xiangling Zhang, Jiexiang Zheng, Genmei Wang, Xiaofei Zhang
Summary: In this study, the developmental and reproductive effects of BPA analogs (BPS, BPF, BPAF) on D. magna were evaluated. The results showed that BPF and BPAF exhibited similar or stronger toxicity compared to BPA. Additionally, exposure to BPs led to behavioral changes and activation of the antioxidant defense system in D. magna. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the toxicity of BPA analogs and provide empirical evidence for finding safe alternatives to BPA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanzhao Wu, Tianyi Chen, Yumei Xia, Jiawen Wang, Anli Wang, Binjie Wang, Jiye Wang, Weixuan Yao
Summary: This study revealed that exposure to methidathion caused developmental toxicity, cardiotoxicity, and immunotoxicity in embryogenetic zebrafish. It also impaired the locomotor activity of zebrafish and significantly affected the expression of related genes.
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dongxia Liang, Yinshi Li, Shuoyu Li, Dele Meng, Fengchun Li, Siying Huang, Maojian Gong, Junhao Qin, Huashou Li
Summary: This study investigated the effects of glyphosate (GLY) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on Pomacea canaliculata through multigenerational and short-term chronic exposure. The results showed that H2O2 and GLY exposure negatively impacted the hatching rate and individual growth indices, with the F1 generation being the most susceptible. Furthermore, prolonged exposure resulted in damage to the ovarian tissue and reduced fecundity. Overall, P. canaliculata can tolerate low concentrations of pollution, and control measures should focus on the juvenile and early spawning stages.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Corina van den Heuvel, Niels Klaver, Ilse Tonk, Pragati Coder, Manon Beekhuijzen
Summary: The added value of including the F2 generation in the Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study (EOGRTS) was evaluated in a retrospective analysis of 24 studies. The analysis showed that only in one study did the inclusion of the F2 generation lower the reproductive and developmental No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL). For the rest of the studies, the inclusion of the F2 generation did not have an impact on hazard and risk assessment. The results suggest that decreasing the use of the F2 generation in future regulatory studies can significantly reduce the number of animals used without compromising the ability to identify harmful chemicals.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Reproductive Biology
L. Aveyard, F. J. Murray, S. A. Hubbard, A. M. Hoberman, B. C. Allen, S. Carey
Summary: In this study, a rat GLP-compliant Prenatal Developmental Toxicity (PNDT) study was conducted to investigate the potential reproductive and developmental toxicity of molybdenum. The results showed that higher doses of molybdenum did not have any adverse effects on post-implantation loss, litter size, sex ratio, or the incidence of fetal malformations. However, fetal weight was reduced proportionally to maternal dose. A benchmark dose evaluation determined that the BMD05 ranged from 47 to 57 mg Mo/kg bw/day, which is considered a more statistically robust point of departure for risk assessment.
REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoxia Wang, Weidong Hao
Summary: Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are widely used pesticides with relatively low toxicity compared to other pesticides. However, excessive use can lead to overexposure. Exposure to PGRs can have toxic effects on various organs in the body, such as the testes, ovaries, liver, kidneys, and brain. Some PGRs are also considered potential endocrine disruptors. Evidence suggests that prenatal and postnatal exposure to PGRs can result in developmental and reproductive toxicity in animals and humans. PGRs can interfere with sex hormone synthesis and secretion, disrupt the reproductive system's structure and function, and harm the growth and development of offspring. This review summarizes the available data on reproductive and developmental toxicity of PGRs in mammals. Comprehensive epidemiological studies are needed in the future to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of reproductive and developmental toxicity caused by a mixture of PGRs.
PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Samreen, Xiaona Zhang, Jun Wang, Yuejiao Li, Xuan Li, Yuqi Zheng, Muhammad Arif, Shaoguo Ru
Summary: This study found that prometryn, a widely detected triazine herbicide, has significant toxic effects on marine medaka embryos, including yolk sac shrinkage, heart malformations, delayed hatching time, increased heart rate, and hatching failure rate. It also caused obvious malformations and decreased body length in newly hatched larvae. Transcriptome analysis revealed that prometryn exposure affected the expression levels of several cardiac development-related genes in the larvae.
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Koen Van Deun, H. Hatch, S. Jacobi, W. Kohl
Summary: The study investigated the reproductive and developmental toxicity of lithium carbonate in rats and found no toxic effects on reproductive and developmental organs at the doses administered. Results suggest that the use of lithium carbonate at appropriate dose levels may not raise immediate concerns for human reproductive or developmental toxicity effects.
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaobo Li, Qijing Huang, Xiangxiang Zhang, Changfeng Xie, Muyun Liu, Yueming Yuan, Jianjia Feng, Haoyu Xing, Li Ru, Zheng Yuan, Zhiyong Xu, YaoXiang Yang, Yan Long, Chengfeng Xing, Jianping Song, Xiang Hu, Qin Xu
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of intravenous injection of hUC-MSCs on reproduction and development in rats, finding no significant adverse effects within a certain dosage range, but high doses may lead to mortality in pregnant female rats, highlighting the importance of cautious use.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Josje H. E. Arts, Frank Faulhammer, Steffen Schneider, Joanne G. W. Salverda
Summary: To justify the inclusion of learning and memory (L & M) tests in extended one-generation reproductive toxicity studies (EOGRTS) for chemical registration under REACH, the European Chemicals Agency referred to three publications suggesting that perturbation of thyroid hormone signaling in offspring affects spatial cognitive abilities. However, this paper challenges the validity of including these tests, questions the reliability of the publications relied upon, and argues that they cannot be used to substantiate the claim that decreased blood thyroid hormone levels alone result in impaired L & M in rats.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY
(2023)