Synthetic cannabinoids are substrates and inhibitors of multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes

Targeted and non-targeted metabolite identification of MAM-2201 in human, mouse, and rat hepatocytes

(2018) Ju-Hyun Kim et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Excretion of metabolites of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 in urine after controlled inhalation

(2018) Stefan W. Toennes et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoid EAM-2201 on Cytochrome P450 and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzyme Activities in Human Liver Microsomes

(2018) Tae Kong et al.   MOLECULES

Methodology for controlled administration of smoked synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073

(2018) Ziva D. Cooper et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Finding order in chemical chaos - Continuing characterization of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists

(2018) Julie A. Marusich et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Inhibitory Effects of Dimethyllirioresinol, Epimagnolin A, Eudesmin, Fargesin, and Magnolin on Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Activities in Human Liver Microsomes

(2017) Ju-Hyun Kim et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES

Pharmacokinetic properties of the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018 and of its metabolites in serum after inhalation

(2017) Stefan W. Toennes et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

Determination of AB-CHMINACA and its metabolites in human hair and their deposition in hair of abusers

(2017) Juhyun Sim et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

AM-2201 Inhibits Multiple Cytochrome P450 and Uridine 5′-Diphospho-Glucuronosyltransferase Enzyme Activities in Human Liver Microsomes

(2017) Ju-Hyun Kim et al.   MOLECULES

New psychoactive substances: Studies on the metabolism of XLR-11, AB-PINACA, FUB-PB-22, 4-methoxy-α-PVP, 25-I-NBOMe, and meclonazepam using human liver preparations in comparison to primary human hepatocytes, and human urine

(2017) Lilian H.J. Richter et al.   TOXICOLOGY LETTERS

In Vitro and In Vivo Human Metabolism of Synthetic Cannabinoids FDU-PB-22 and FUB-PB-22

(2016) Xingxing Diao et al.   AAPS Journal

Metabolic characterization of (1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl)(4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-methanone (MAM-2201) using human liver microsomes and cDNA-overexpressed cytochrome P450 enzymes

(2016) Tae Yeon Kong et al.   ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Detection and Activity Profiling of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their Metabolites with a Newly Developed Bioassay

(2016) Annelies Cannaert et al.   ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Rapid analysis of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in human urine using dilute and shoot liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

(2016) Tae Yeon Kong et al.   ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH

Approaches, Challenges, and Advances in Metabolism of New Synthetic Cannabinoids and Identification of Optimal Urinary Marker Metabolites

(2016) X Diao et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Acute intoxication of four individuals following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MAB-CHMINACA

(2016) Piotr Adamowicz et al.   CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

Cannabinoids and Cytochrome P450 Interactions

(2016) Ondřej Zendulka et al.   CURRENT DRUG METABOLISM

Simultaneous detection of 93 synthetic cannabinoids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and retrospective application to real forensic samples

(2016) Cornelius Hess et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Phyto-, endo- and synthetic cannabinoids: promising chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of breast and prostate carcinomas

(2016) A. I. Fraguas-Sánchez et al.   EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS

In vitro metabolism of a novel synthetic cannabinoid, EAM-2201, in human liver microsomes and human recombinant cytochrome P450s

(2016) Ju Hyun Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

Identification and quantification of metabolites of AB-CHMINACA in a urine specimen of an abuser

(2016) Amin Wurita et al.   Legal Medicine

Therapeutic potential of cannabis-related drugs

(2016) Stephen P.H. Alexander   PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

JWH-018 ω -OH, a shared hydroxy metabolite of the two synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and AM-2201, undergoes oxidation by alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes in vitro forming the carboxylic acid metabolite

(2016) Niels Bjerre Holm et al.   TOXICOLOGY LETTERS

Acute effects of synthetic cannabinoids: Update 2015

(2016) Juliana Tournebize et al.   Substance Abuse

Identification and quantification of metabolites of AB-CHMINACA in a urine specimen of an abuser

(2016) Amin Wurita et al.   Legal Medicine

Pentylindole/Pentylindazole Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their 5-Fluoro Analogs Produce Different Primary Metabolites: Metabolite Profiling for AB-PINACA and 5F-AB-PINACA

(2015) Ariane Wohlfarth et al.   AAPS Journal

CYP3A4 Mediates Oxidative Metabolism of the Synthetic Cannabinoid AKB-48

(2015) Niels Bjerre Holm et al.   AAPS Journal

Synthetic Cannabinoids

(2015) Brooke Mills et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES

Determination and identification of synthetic cannabinoids and their metabolites in different matrices by modern analytical techniques – a review

(2015) Joanna Znaleziona et al.   ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA

Determination of urinary metabolites of XLR-11 by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

(2015) Moonhee Jang et al.   ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Metabolism of classical cannabinoids and the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018

(2015) MK Su et al.   CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

Synthetic cannabimimetics in Bulgaria 2010–2013

(2015) Pavlina A. Andreeva-Gateva et al.   DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

Synthetic cannabinoids pharmacokinetics and detection methods in biological matrices

(2015) Marisol S. Castaneto et al.   DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS

Identification of AB-FUBINACA metabolites in authentic urine samples suitable as urinary markers of drug intake using liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem time of flight mass spectrometry

(2015) Svante Vikingsson et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Detection of main metabolites of XLR-11 and its thermal degradation product in human hepatoma HepaRG cells and human urine

(2015) Tatsuyuki Kanamori et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

In vitroandin vivohuman metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid AB-CHMINACA

(2015) Claudio Erratico et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoids UR-144 and XLR-11

(2015) Line Marie Nielsen et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Death due to diabetic ketoacidosis: Induction by the consumption of synthetic cannabinoids?

(2015) C. Hess et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Application of a validated LC–MS/MS method for JWH-073 and its metabolites in blood and urine in real forensic cases

(2015) Serkan Ozturk et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Identification of AB-FUBINACA metabolites in human hepatocytes and urine using high-resolution mass spectrometry

(2015) Marisol S. Castaneto et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Simultaneous quantification of 37 synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

(2015) Moonhee Jang et al.   Forensic Toxicology

High-resolution mass spectrometric determination of the synthetic cannabinoids MAM-2201, AM-2201, AM-2232, and their metabolites in postmortem plasma and urine by LC/Q-TOFMS

(2015) Kei Zaitsu et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE

Concentrations of AB-CHMINACA and AB-PINACA and Driving Behavior in Suspected Impaired Driving Cases

(2015) Brianna L. Peterson et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Identification of AKB-48 and 5F-AKB-48 Metabolites in Authentic Human Urine Samples Using Human Liver Microsomes and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

(2015) Svante Vikingsson et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Determination of XLR-11 and its metabolites in hair by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

(2015) Meejung Park et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

Simultaneous determination of five naphthoylindole-based synthetic cannabinoids and metabolites and their deposition in human and rat hair

(2015) Jihyun Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS

Metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids PB-22 and its 5-fluoro analog, 5F-PB-22, by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry

(2014) Ariane Wohlfarth et al.   ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

MAM-2201 (Analytically Confirmed) Intoxication After “Synthacaine” Consumption

(2014) Davide Lonati et al.   ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

UPLC/ESI-MS/MS-based determination of metabolism of several new illicit drugs, ADB-FUBINACA, AB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA, QUPIC, 5F-QUPIC andα-PVT, by human liver microsome

(2014) Takahiro Takayama et al.   BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY

Synthetic cannabinoids: Epidemiology, pharmacodynamics, and clinical implications

(2014) Marisol S. Castaneto et al.   DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE

Synthetic cannabimimetic agents metabolized by carboxylesterases

(2014) Ragnar Thomsen et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Study on the phase I metabolism of novel synthetic cannabinoids, APICA and its fluorinated analogue

(2014) Tim Sobolevsky et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Determination of major metabolites of MAM-2201 and JWH-122 in in vitro and in vivo studies to distinguish their intake

(2014) Moonhee Jang et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Detection of new psychoactive substance use among emergency room patients: Results from the Swedish STRIDA project

(2014) Anders Helander et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Characterization of in vitro metabolites of JWH-018, JWH-073 and their 4-methyl derivatives, markers of the abuse of these synthetic cannabinoids

(2014) Veniero Gambaro et al.   JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES

Inhibitory effect of synthetic cannabinoids on CYP1A activity in mouse liver microsomes

(2014) Takashi Ashino et al.   JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Synthetic cannabinoids: Analysis and metabolites

(2014) Mahmoud A. ElSohly et al.   LIFE SCIENCES

First Characterization of AKB-48 Metabolism, a Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid, Using Human Hepatocytes and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

(2013) Adarsh S. Gandhi et al.   AAPS Journal

First Metabolic Profile of XLR-11, a Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid, Obtained by Using Human Hepatocytes and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

(2013) A. Wohlfarth et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

Cannabidiol Is a Potent Inhibitor of the Catalytic Activity of Cytochrome P450 2C19

(2013) Rongrong Jiang et al.   Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

Exogenous cannabinoids as substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of human drug metabolizing enzymes: a systematic review

(2013) Stephen M. Stout et al.   DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS

UR-144 in products soldviathe Internet: Identification of related compounds and characterization of pyrolysis products

(2013) Pierce Kavanagh et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

Monitoring of urinary metabolites of JWH-018 and JWH-073 in legal cases

(2013) Moonhee Jang et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Analysis of UR-144 and its pyrolysis product in blood and their metabolites in urine

(2013) Piotr Adamowicz et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

A fatal case of MAM-2201 poisoning

(2013) Takeshi Saito et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Determination of AM-2201 metabolites in urine and comparison with JWH-018 abuse

(2013) Moonhee Jang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE

Driving under the influence of synthetic cannabinoids (“Spice”): a case series

(2013) Frank Musshoff et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEGAL MEDICINE

Toxicological Findings of Synthetic Cannabinoids in Recreational Users

(2013) R. Kronstrand et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

K2 Toxicity: Fatal Case of Psychiatric Complications Following AM2201 Exposure

(2013) Amy L. Patton et al.   JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES

Cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug metabolism: Regulation of gene expression, enzyme activities, and impact of genetic variation

(2013) Ulrich M. Zanger et al.   PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS

The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Medical Cannabis

(2013) Laura M. Borgelt et al.   PHARMACOTHERAPY

Cytotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids on primary neuronal cells of the forebrain: the involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors and apoptotic cell death

(2013) Ken-ichi Tomiyama et al.   TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY

Acute toxicity due to the confirmed consumption of synthetic cannabinoids: clinical and laboratory findings

(2012) Maren Hermanns-Clausen et al.   ADDICTION

Determination of naphthalen-1-yl-(1-pentylindol-3-yl)methanone (JWH-018) in mouse blood and tissue after inhalation exposure to ‘buzz’ smoke by HPLC/MS/MS

(2012) Justin L. Poklis et al.   BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY

Detection of urinary metabolites of AM-2201 and UR-144, two novel synthetic cannabinoids

(2012) Tim Sobolevsky et al.   Drug Testing and Analysis

First European case of convulsions related to analytically confirmed use of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist AM-2201

(2012) David McQuade et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Detection and disposition of JWH-018 and JWH-073 in mice after exposure to “Magic Gold” smoke

(2012) Justin L. Poklis et al.   FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL

Symptoms, toxicities, and analytical results for a patient after smoking herbs containing the novel synthetic cannabinoid MAM-2201

(2012) Adrian Derungs et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication: A Case Series and Review

(2012) Carson R. Harris et al.   JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: A review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids

(2012) Kathryn A. Seely et al.   PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

Evaluation of metabolism-mediated herb-drug interactions

(2011) Dong Hee Na et al.   ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH

Conjugation of Synthetic Cannabinoids JWH-018 and JWH-073, Metabolites by Human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases

(2011) K. C. Chimalakonda et al.   DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION

Cannabidiol, a Major Phytocannabinoid, As a Potent Atypical Inhibitor for CYP2D6

(2011) S. Yamaori et al.   DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION

Comparison in the In Vitro Inhibitory Effects of Major Phytocannabinoids and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Contained in Marijuana Smoke on Cytochrome P450 2C9 Activity

(2011) Satoshi Yamaori et al.   Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics

Differential inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2A6 and 2B6 by major phytocannabinoids

(2011) Satoshi Yamaori et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Identification and quantitation of a benzoylindole (2-methoxyphenyl)(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methanone and a naphthoylindole 1-(5-fluoropentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-(naphthalene-1-yl)methanone (AM-2201) found in illegal products obtained via the Internet and their cannabimimetic effects evaluated by in vitro [35S]GTPγS binding assays

(2011) Jun’ichi Nakajima et al.   Forensic Toxicology

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Urine Specimens for K2 (JWH-018) Metabolites

(2011) M. A. ElSohly et al.   JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY

Potent inhibition of human cytochrome P450 3A isoforms by cannabidiol: Role of phenolic hydroxyl groups in the resorcinol moiety

(2011) Satoshi Yamaori et al.   LIFE SCIENCES

Beyond THC: The New Generation of Cannabinoid Designer Drugs

(2011) Liana Fattore et al.   Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

In vitro phase I metabolism of the synthetic cannabimimetic JWH-018

(2010) Annette Wintermeyer et al.   ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Characterization of major phytocannabinoids, cannabidiol and cannabinol, as isoform-selective and potent inhibitors of human CYP1 enzymes

(2010) Satoshi Yamaori et al.   BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY

Indol-3-ylcycloalkyl Ketones: Effects of N1 Substituted Indole Side Chain Variations on CB2Cannabinoid Receptor Activity

(2009) Jennifer M. Frost et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

In vivo pharmacology of endocannabinoids and their metabolic inhibitors: Therapeutic implications in Parkinson's disease and abuse liability

(2009) Andrea Giuffrida et al.   PROSTAGLANDINS & OTHER LIPID MEDIATORS