Article
Cell Biology
Vittorio Porciatti, Tsung-Han Chou
Summary: This study introduces a framework to identify progressive and potentially reversible stages of RGC dysfunction leading to cell death in mouse models of glaucoma and other optic neuropathies. Mathematical equations are provided to describe state-transitions and modifiable parameters that can be used for hypothesis testing and fitting experimental PERG data. PERG dynamics are also utilized to differentiate phenotypic and altered RGC response dynamics, assess susceptibility to stressors, and evaluate reversible dysfunction with pharmacological treatment.
Review
Cell Biology
Nicole A. Muench, Sonia Patel, Margaret E. Maes, Ryan J. Donahue, Akihiro Ikeda, Robert W. Nickells
Summary: Mitochondrial function and dysfunction play important roles in neurodegeneration, especially in RGCs which are highly vulnerable due to their unique structure. Glaucoma represents a combination of events at the optic nerve head that increase metabolic stress on RGC axons, leading to axonal transport failure. Additionally, RGCs are sensitive to genetic mutations affecting mitochondrial dynamics and clearance, often resulting in optic neuropathy as the sole pathological defect.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jacky M. K. Kwong, Joseph Caprioli, Joanne C. Y. Lee, Yifan Song, Feng-Juan Yu, Jingfang Bian, Ying-Hon Sze, King-Kit Li, Chi-Wai Do, Chi-Ho To, Thomas Chuen Lam
Summary: This study investigated the proteomic changes in the retina after optic nerve transection in rats. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, they identified several differentially expressed proteins related to retinal ganglion cell damage, such as ALDH1A1 and SNCG.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ben Mead, Alicia Kerr, Naoki Nakaya, Stanislav I. Tomarev
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the miRNA profile of purified retinal ganglion cells (RGC) from healthy and diseased rat retina. Over 100 different miRNAs were identified in diseased retina compared to healthy retina. Manipulating candidate mRNAs after retinal injury revealed significant neuroprotection and neuritogenesis effects in RGC.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi-Fen Lai, Ting-Yi Lin, Pin-Kuan Ho, Yi-Hao Chen, Yu-Chuan Huang, Da-Wen Lu
Summary: In this review, the neuroprotective function of erythropoietin (EPO) in extra-hematopoietic tissues, especially the retina, is highlighted. The available pre-clinical studies of EPO in treating various optic neuropathies are summarized. Furthermore, future strategies for optic nerve protection and repair using EPO and its derivatives are explored.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fa Yuan, Mingwei Wang, Kangxin Jin, Mengqing Xiang
Summary: The text discusses the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the characteristics of RGCs, highlighting the differences in regenerative abilities post-injury and the latest research findings. It proposes potential directions for future therapeutics in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Casey J. Keuthan, Julie A. Schaub, Meihan Wei, Weixiang Fang, Sarah Quillen, Elizabeth Kimball, Thomas V. Johnson, Hongkai Ji, Donald J. Zack, Harry A. Quigley
Summary: The level of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucomatous optic neuropathy. This study found that the unmyelinated optic nerve region is differentially susceptible to IOP-induced damage compared to the myelinated region. Gene expression patterns in the unmyelinated optic nerve showed significant differences compared to the myelinated optic nerve and retina. Changes in gene expression induced by optic nerve injury were more extensive in the myelinated region than the unmyelinated region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Michiel W. E. De Boeck, Bruno Cozzi, Jean-Marie Graic
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the visual system of multiple toothed whales, focusing on the neurological aspects such as the optic nerve and retina. The research found species-specific differences in the optic nerve and retinal characteristics among toothed whale species and other reference species. The study provides important anatomical evidence for the visual adaptations of toothed whales.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuan Liu, Rossana Cheng He, Gustavo C. Munguba, Richard K. Lee
Summary: Glaucoma is one of the main causes of irreversible visual field loss and blindness worldwide. This study found that the expression level of PVALB decreases with RGC degeneration, indicating that PVALB is a reliable RGC molecular marker.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Feifei Wang, Yuning Song, Peiyu Liu, Fangli Ma, Zhida Peng, Yulian Pang, Haijian Hu, Ling Zeng, Hongdou Luo, Xu Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to confirm the effect of intravitreal injection of RAPA on RGCs and explore the underlying mechanism. The results showed that RAPA reduced the activation of glial cells and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in the retina. Furthermore, RAPA exerted protective effects on RGC axons by inhibiting glial activation and regulating the mTOR/ROCK pathway.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Pedro Henrique Victorino, Camila Marra, Dumitru Andrei Iacobas, Sanda Iacobas, David C. Spray, Rafael Linden, Daniel Adesse, Hilda Petrs-Silva
Summary: Glaucoma is a complex neurodegenerative disease involving degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. A study on the transcriptome of rat retina post-optic nerve crush revealed changes in gene expression variability and coordination, particularly in pathways related to complement cascade and Notch signaling. This deep bioinformatic analysis provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying RGC degeneration and retinal remodeling after ONC.
Article
Cell Biology
Syed A. H. Zaidi, Zhimin Xu, Tahira Lemtalsi, Porsche Sandow, Sruthi Athota, Fang Liu, Stephen Haigh, Yuqing Huo, S. Priya Narayanan, David J. R. Fulton, Modesto A. Rojas, Abdelrahman Y. Fouda, Robert W. Caldwell, Ruth B. Caldwell
Summary: This study demonstrates that cell-specific expression of A2 plays a neurotoxic role in optic nerve crush-induced retinal neurodegeneration. Deletion of A2 in neurons expressing Calb2 limits ONC-induced retinal neurodegeneration and improves visual function.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mojdeh Abbasi, Vivek K. Gupta, Nitin Chitranshi, Veer Gupta, Reza Ranjbaran, Rashi Rajput, Kanishka Pushpitha, K. B. Devaraj, Yuyi You, Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh, Robert G. Parton, Mehdi Mirzaei, Stuart L. Graham
Summary: The study shows that silencing of Shp2 has protective effects on RGCs in glaucomatous conditions, and this protection is dependent on Cav-1, suggesting interactions between these two proteins in the retina which result in improvements in inner retinal function and structure.
Article
Neurosciences
Lei Gu, Jacky M. Kwong, Joseph Caprioli, Natik Piri
Summary: Rbfox1 is a multifunctional RNA binding protein that plays key roles in regulating alternative splicing and cell survival under stress. Deletion of Rbfox1 in retinal ganglion cells results in decreased survival and severe degeneration, indicating its importance in neuronal functions and survival mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jess Rhee, Kendrick Co Shih
Summary: The review of gene-based therapy for RGC neuroprotection showed promising results utilizing AAV vectors encoding specific genes. However, challenges still exist, such as the acute nature of injury models in studies and the regulation of gene expression.
Article
Ophthalmology
Brad Guo, Yiran Tan, Stephen Nygaard, Cesar Carrillo, Kham Od Nouansavanh, Kitar Souksamone, Robert J. Casson
Summary: The prevalence of glaucoma in the Vientiane Eye Study is relatively low compared with other studies in Asian regions. However, the study population had a lower median age, reflecting the age group of the population and rapid urbanization in Laos. Despite this, glaucoma remains a blinding disease in this population.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Luke A. Halliday, John P. M. Wood, Glyn Chidlow, Robert J. Casson, Dinesh Selva, Michelle T. Sun
Summary: In this study, researchers successfully established cell cultures of human lacrimal gland using biopsy-sized tissue specimens. The cells in the cultures showed three-dimensional organization and a heterogeneous population, including epithelial, myoepithelial, mesenchymal, and progenitor cells.
Article
Ophthalmology
Yiran Tan, Brad Guo, Stephen Nygaard, Cesar Carillo, Huy-Dat Pham, Kham Od Nouansavanh, Kitar Souksamone, Robert J. Casson
Summary: Visual impairment and blindness are still significant public health issues in Vientiane Province, Lao PDR. There is a continuous need for ophthalmic care resources and community education programs to improve healthcare accessibility in the region.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Graham A. Lee, Lance Liu, Robert J. Casson, Helen V. Danesh-Meyer, Peter Shah, Joshua Yuen, Sophia Zagora
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the preferences for routine trabeculectomy techniques among glaucoma surgeons in Australia and New Zealand. The survey results showed a wide range of techniques being used, but also identified consistent procedures that can optimize patient outcomes. This report can assist surgeons in selecting the most suitable surgical techniques for their practice.
Article
Ophthalmology
Henry Marshall, Ella C. Berry, Santiago Diaz Torres, Sean Mullany, Joshua Schmidt, Daniel Thomson, Thi Thi Nguyen, Lachlan S. W. Knight, Georgina Hollitt, Ayub Qassim, Antonia Kolovos, Bronwyn Ridge, Angela Schulz, Stewart Lake, Richard A. Mills, Ashish Agar, Anna Galanopoulos, John Landers, Paul R. Healey, Stuart L. Graham, Alex W. Hewitt, Robert J. Casson, Stuart Macgregor, Owen M. Siggs, Jamie E. Craig
Summary: The study evaluated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and glaucoma progression through multiple cohort observational methods. Results showed a consistent correlation between lower BMI and faster glaucoma progression, worse VCDR, and increased likelihood of glaucoma diagnosis. Additionally, a lower BMI was associated with greater VCDR change and higher intraocular pressure.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Ophthalmology
James Pietris, Stephen Bacchi, Sebastian Wiech, Yiran Tan, Joshua Kovoor, Aashray Gupta, Robert Casson, Weng Chan
Article
Ophthalmology
Owen M. M. Siggs, Ayub Qassim, Xikun Han, Henry N. N. Marshall, Sean Mullany, Weixiong He, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Anna Galanopoulos, Ashish Agar, John Landers, Robert J. J. Casson, Alex W. W. Hewitt, Paul R. R. Healey, Stuart L. L. Graham, Stuart MacGregor, Jamie E. E. Craig
Summary: In this study, a high polygenic risk was associated with more rapid structural and functional progression in early POAG, despite more intensive treatment. A polygenic risk score may serve as a valuable adjunct to identify individuals who stand to benefit the most from more frequent surveillance and earlier or more intensive treatment.
JAMA OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Isabel Bachmeier, Beatriz G. Armendariz, Siqing Yu, Ralf J. Jaeger, Andreas Ebneter, Carl Glittenberg, Daniel Pauleikhoff, SriniVas R. Sadda, Usha Chakravarthy, Sascha Fauser
Summary: Despite successful antiangiogenic therapy in nAMD, fibrosis in the outer retina causes gradual vision loss. Accurate detection and quantification of fibrosis with reliable end-points and biomarkers are needed for the development of effective drugs. This review provides an overview of imaging modalities and criteria used to characterize fibrosis in nAMD, highlighting the heterogeneity in detection methods and severity scales. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is recommended as the primary modality for fibrosis evaluation, offering detailed and sensitive characterization compared to other imaging techniques.
SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Raghav Goel, Carmelo Macri, Bobak Bahrami, Robert Casson, Weng Onn Chan
Summary: The subjective quality of anterior segment photos taken from a smartphone camera adapted to a slit lamp was compared to a commercial inbuilt slit-lamp camera. The results showed that the smartphone camera was non-inferior to the inbuilt slit-lamp camera, suggesting that smartphone cameras could be used as an alternative tool for transmitting anterior segment images.
INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Khizar Rana, Valerie Juniat, Wen Yong, Robert Casson, Sandy Patel, Dinesh Selva
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Owen Siggs, Ayub Qassim, Xikun Han, Henry Marshall, Sean Mullany, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Anna Galanopoulos, Ashish Agar, John Landers, Robert Casson, Alex W. Hewitt, Paul Healey, Stuart L. Graham, Stuart MacGregor, Jamie Craig
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Sean Mullany, Henry Marshall, Emmanuelle Souzeau, Mark Hassall, Ashish Agar, Anna Galanopoulos, John Landers, Paul Mitchell, Paul Healey, Stuart L. Graham, Alex W. Hewitt, Stuart MacGregor, Puya Gharahkhani, Robert Casson, Owen Siggs, Jamie E. Craig
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Henry Marshall, Xikun Han, Sean Mullany, Georgie Hollitt, Ella Claire Berry, Lachlan Knight, Richard A. Mills, John Landers, Paul Healey, Alex W. Hewitt, Stuart L. Graham, Robert Casson, Stuart MacGregor, Owen Siggs, Jamie E. Craig
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Chirag Patel, Yiran Tan, Stephen Nygaard, Brad Guo, Cesar Carrillo, Jerida Burgess, Kitar Souksamone, Kham Od Nouansavanh, Robert Casson
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Ophthalmology
Ryan Pham, Henry Marshall, Antonia Kolovos, Ayub Qassim, Sean Mullany, Danit Saks, Minh-Son To, Ashish Agar, Anna Galanopoulos, John Landers, Paul R. Healey, Stuart L. Graham, Alex W. Hewitt, Robert Casson, Stuart MacGregor, Owen M. Siggs, Gustavo Carneiro, Jamie E. Craig, Lyle J. Palmer
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
