4.7 Article

Environmental Behavior of Chlorpyrifos and Endosulfan in a Tropical Soil in Central Brazil

Journal

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
Volume 64, Issue 20, Pages 3942-3948

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04508

Keywords

sorption; leaching; runoff; dissipation; pesticides; water contamination

Funding

  1. FACUAL (Fundo de Apoio a Cultura do Algodao)

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The environmental behavior of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan in soil was studied in the central western region of Brazil by means of a field experiment. Sorption was evaluated in laboratory batch experiments. Chlorpyrifos and endosulfan were applied to experimental plots on uncultivated soil and the following processes were studied: leaching, runoff, and dissipation in top soil. Field dissipation of chlorpyrifos and endosulfan was more rapid than reported in temperate climates. Despite the high K-oc of the studied pesticides, the two endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate as well as chlorpyrifos were detected in percolated water. In runoff water and sediment, both endosulfan isomers and endosulfan sulfate were detected throughout the period of study. Observed losses of endosulfan by leaching (below a depth of 50 cm) and runoff were 0.0013 and 1.04% of the applied amount, whereas chlorpyrifos losses were 0.003 and 0.032%, respectively. Leaching of these highly adsorbed pesticides was attributed to preferential flow.

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