Journal
ARCHAEOMETRY
Volume 57, Issue 2, Pages 318-343Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12080
Keywords
Metallurgical slag; Kea; thermodynamic simulation; copper; lead; roasted ores
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At the hill of Agios Symeon, on the island of Kea, Aegean Sea, Greece, ancient metallurgical slags with a high Pb-Zn-Cu content have been found. Thermodynamic simulations have been carried out, using the FactSage thermodynamic database computing system, with a view to understanding the ancient metallurgical processes that produced the observed slag compositions and morphologies. The simulations demonstrate that the slag samples resulted from Cu-making processes. It would thus appear that mixed ores were used, containing Cu2S-FeS-PbS with significant amounts of sphalerite (ZnS) as impurity. The roasted ores were reduced at relatively high oxygen potentials at approximate to 1125 degrees C to form Cu containing low levels of Pb, Fe and Zn.
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