Article
Development Studies
Kate Ambler, Kelly Jones, Michael O'Sullivan
Summary: The study found that lower socioeconomic status and household gender norms predict couples' refusal of an intervention designed to increase women's economic empowerment. Couples invited to a workshop aiming to improve communication and gender balance in the household were less likely to refuse the subsequent empowerment intervention. The workshop was effective at addressing disadvantages from household gender norms and division of labor, but less effective at addressing refusal rates associated with socioeconomic status.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Devika Mehra, Shobhit Srivastava, Murari Chandra, Namita Srivastava, Mari Laaksonen, Heidi Elina Saarinen, Sunil Mehra
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the association between women's empowerment and gender-based violence among married youth in India. The results showed that restricted physical mobility was negatively associated with sexual violence. Women with no decision-making power had higher odds of physical and sexual violence. Having no economic resources was negatively associated with sexual violence. Women experiencing spousal controlling behavior had a higher likelihood of physical and sexual violence.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ogadimma Arisukwu, Chisaa Igbolekwu, Tunde Adebisi, Favour Akindele
Summary: Domestic violence is a global issue affecting women and girls, with rural women often being overlooked. A study in Kuje, Nigeria found that a significant percentage of respondents were aware of domestic violence, with education level influencing perceptions. Cultural and family expectations in rural Nigeria also impact treatment of women.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elizabeth A. Wood, Karina E. Wilson, K. D. Jacobs
Summary: This study investigated the differences in perceptions of violence as it relates to empowerment among men and women in rural Tajikistan. Data was collected through participatory workshops and semi-structured interviews. The findings revealed discrepancies in perceptions of empowerment between men and women, with men holding onto traditional power structures while women challenged gender roles and mobility.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michelle Lokot, Amiya Bhatia, Shirin Heidari, Amber Peterman
Summary: Since early 2020, stakeholders have highlighted the gendered consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially the increased risk of gender-based violence. Modeling efforts have been used to inform pandemic response, but there are concerns about assumptions and biases underlying these projections. When using modeling data for planning complex issues like GBV, it is important to consider motivations and consequences, and address key factors such as transparency and margins of uncertainty.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Ezinne Eze-Ajoku, Oludolapo Fakeye, Adejare Atanda, Olukayode A. Sosina
Summary: This study evaluated whether markers of economic empowerment are associated with a tolerant attitude toward spousal physical violence (SPV) among employed married women in Nigeria. The findings suggest that lower educational attainment and disparities in income between spouses may contribute to tolerance of SPV.
JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
(2022)
Article
Development Studies
Erwin Bulte, Robert Lensink
Summary: Female empowerment may lead to an increase in violence against women, and promoting gender equality or enhancing the prospects of divorced women may inadvertently promote violence against women in certain circumstances where production outcomes are uncertain.
REVIEW OF DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Yiftach Ron, Liat Yanai
Summary: Psychodrama is a therapeutic method that aims to instill hope and empowerment in individuals suffering from psychological duress. Through group treatment, it can provide social support and help abused women regain control of their lives by reducing anxiety, stress, guilt, and self-blame, while reinforcing perceptions of self-worth and confidence. The findings suggest that psychodrama has the potential to facilitate a transition from powerlessness to powerfulness among vulnerable populations.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Marina Uchoa Lopes Pereira, Renato Simoes Gaspar
Summary: The study in large Brazilian cities revealed that women, black individuals, and children under four were more vulnerable to domestic violence. Poverty was found to be correlated with domestic violence report rates across vulnerable groups, highlighting the importance of addressing poverty, patriarchy, and structural racism to reduce cases of domestic violence.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
R. Maithreyi, Ashwini Pujar, Satyanarayana Ramanaik, H. L. Mohan
Summary: Girls' empowerment programmes are both celebrated as the 'Smarter Economics' of pulling girls and families out of poverty, and critiqued as neoliberal strategies for delivering gendered equality through responsibilised selves. These opposing views are conceptualized within institutions of the Global North. By analyzing a girls' empowerment programme in south India, the authors argue that agency is a relational quality embedded within social relationships.
CHILDHOOD-A GLOBAL JOURNAL OF CHILD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Women's Studies
Elizabeth A. Wood, Nargiza Ludgate, Camila Mamadnazarova
Summary: This study investigated rural livelihood patterns in Khatlon Province, Tajikistan, in relation to gender roles and responsibilities. The findings revealed that education and employment are crucial in empowering women in rural areas.
VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Kathryn Sharratt, Esther Nanfuka, Samantha J. Mason, Eric A. Ochen, Florence Turyomurugyendo, Melanie Barwick, John Pearson, Hayley Royston, Nadia Wager
Summary: This study examines the impact of a prosocial video game called 'Peace' on attitudes and beliefs related to child marriage in Ugandan youth. The results indicate that the game has the potential to prevent support for child marriage and could be used as an intervention for educating young people on gender-based violence issues. However, additional curricular activities are needed to facilitate deeper and sustained learning from the game.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Koustuv Dalal, Masuma Yasmin, Helene Dahlqvist, Gunnar O. Klein
Summary: This study investigated whether economic and electronic empowerment of women act as protective factors against intimate partner violence (IPV) in India. The findings revealed that economic independence was a risk factor for IPV, while the use of mobile phones and SMS function reduced violence.
Article
Development Studies
Sebastian Anti, Zhihui Zhang
Summary: This study uses data from the Demographic and Health Surveys to analyze the effects of a road building program in Cambodia on women's employment, contraception use, domestic violence attitudes and experience, and decision making over household resources. The findings show that the road construction increases women's decision-making ability in healthcare and household spending, as well as their ability to refuse sex with their partner. Exposure to the program also leads to a decrease in acceptance and experience of spousal abuse. Despite the negative impact on women's likelihood of working outside the home, road construction has a significant impact on women's social and economic position.
Article
Business, Finance
Sarah Deschenes, Rozenn Hotte
Summary: This paper examines the impact of a primary education program in Benin on women's marital outcomes. The results show that in rural areas, the school building program increases the probability of women attending primary school, delays the age at marriage and first child, and decreases the experience and tolerance of domestic violence and emotional IPV.
WORLD BANK ECONOMIC REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Abhishek Singh, Praveen Chokhandre, Ajeet Kumar Singh, Kathryn M. Barker, Kaushalendra Kumar, Lotus McDougal, K. S. James, Anita Raj
Summary: Existing indices of gender equality may not fully contextualize the broader construct of patriarchy. A new composite measure, the India Patriarchy Index, has been developed and tested to quantify the social and ideological construct of patriarchy using empirical data on family structure and gender roles in India. The results demonstrate the utility of this index in measuring and tracking gender equality progress in the country.
SOCIAL INDICATORS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sangeeta Chatterji, Nicole Johns, Mohan Ghule, Shahina Begum, Sarah Averbach, Madhusudan Battala, Anita Raj
Summary: This study examines the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and marital quality among young married couples in rural India. The findings suggest that women's experience of physical and sexual IPV is associated with poor marital quality, and women's experience of sexual IPV is negatively associated with men's self-reported marital quality. Additionally, women's report of poor marital quality is associated with their future experience of violence.
JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE
(2023)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Wendy Wei Cheung, Anita Caduff, Anita Raj
Summary: Student absenteeism has negative effects on student engagement, academic success, and professional success. This study found a significant association between adolescent dating violence (ADV) victimization and student absenteeism due to feeling unsafe. The association is stronger for males compared to females. Additionally, black, Latinx, and queer students have higher odds of student absenteeism due to feeling unsafe compared to white and heterosexual students. The findings highlight the importance of addressing ADV victimization and student absenteeism with integrated and gender-tailored responses, considering the vulnerabilities of queer students and students of color.
JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
(2023)
Article
Family Studies
Anvita Dixit, Nicole E. Johns, Mohan Ghule, Madhusudana Battala, Shahina Begum, Niranjan Saggurti, Jay Silverman, Elizabeth Reed, Susan M. Kiene, Tarik Benmarhnia, Sarah Averbach, Anita Raj
Summary: Traditional marital practices in India may compromise women's agency and contraceptive behaviors in marriage. This study found that wives who were the primary decision-makers on partner choice and timing of marriage had higher odds of engaging in communication about contraception and using modern contraceptives with their husbands.
CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ruvani W. Fonseka, Lotus McDougal, Anita Raj, Elizabeth Reed, Rebecka Lundgren, Lianne Urada, Jay G. Silverman
Summary: This study aimed to examine the impact of maternal child marriage, intimate partner violence (IPV), and proximity to conflict on stunting among Sri Lankan children under 5 years old. The findings showed that children in districts proximal and central to conflict were less likely to be stunted compared to those in districts distal to conflict. Additionally, there were interaction effects between proximity to conflict and maternal IPV, with different associations in different districts.
SSM-POPULATION HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tarun Jain, Diva Dhar, Vrinda Kapoor, Vrinda Kapur, Anita Raj
Summary: This study develops and tests gender attitude measures with a school-based sample in India, finding good internal reliability and positive associations with girls' mobility and education.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Arnab K. Dey, Nicole Ennis, Debbie M. Cheng, Elena Blokhina, Anita Raj, Emily Quinn, Sally Bendiks, Tibor Palfai, Eugene M. Dunne, Robert L. Cook, Evgeny Krupitsky, Jeffrey H. Samet
Summary: This study evaluated the association between impulsivity and linkage to HIV care among Russians living with HIV. The results showed no significant association between impulsivity and HIV care after controlling for age, gender, CD4 cell count, and depression score.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sarah Averbach, Nicole E. Johns, Mohan Ghule, Anvita Dixit, Shahina Begum, Madhusudana Battala, Niranjan Saggurti, Jay Silverman, Anita Raj
Summary: The CHARM2 intervention improved the perceived quality of care reported by participants and this improvement mediated the effect of the intervention on contraceptive use.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Denise Kpebo, Abou Coulibaly, Wambi Maurice Evariste Yameogo, Sujata Bijou, Ramatoulaye Hamidou Lazoumar, Halima Tougri, Marguerite N'dour, Seni Kouanda
Summary: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a service delivery model integrating maternal and child health services, nutrition and family planning services, and its impact on contraceptive use prevalence.
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anita Raj, Sangeeta Chatterji, Nicole E. Johns, Jennifer Yore, Arnab K. Dey, David R. Williams
Summary: Research found that there is a lack of research on discrimination and risks for violence and mental health issues during the pandemic. The study examined the effects of everyday discrimination and major experiences of race-based discrimination on violence and mental health symptoms. The results showed that everyday discrimination, particularly race-based discrimination, was associated with a higher risk of violence and poor mental health outcomes.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ajit Kumar Kannaujiya, Kaushalendra Kumar, Lotus McDougal, Ashish Kumar Upadhyay, Anita Raj, K. S. James, Abhishek Singh
Summary: This study examines the associations between interpregnancy interval (IPI) and child health outcomes in India using nationally representative data. The results indicate that IPIs shorter than 12 months are associated with higher odds of diarrhea and/or acute respiratory infections, stunting, and underweight among children under 5 in India.
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Economics
Nabamallika Dehingia, Jeni Klugman, Elena Ortiz, Anita Raj
Summary: This study finds that women across racial/ethnic groups and minority men have more egalitarian views on the importance of gender equality in policy and politics compared to White men. While there is general support for women in political leadership, the race/ethnicity by sex differences in attitudes related to gender equality in employment are larger.
FEMINIST ECONOMICS
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Lynsie R. R. Ranker, Craig S. S. Ross, Abby E. E. Rudolph, Jennifer Weuve, Ziming Xuan
Summary: This study analyzed the long-term trajectories of alcohol use in youth and found diverse patterns of drinking behaviors. Early initiation of drinking was associated with higher odds of membership in high-frequency and earlier-onset trajectory groups. The study also identified differences in trajectory membership based on gender, racial identity, parental factors, and household characteristics.
Article
Criminology & Penology
Davey M. Smith, Nicole E. Johns, Anita Raj
Summary: This study reveals that sexual minorities in the United States are more likely to experience sexual harassment, including non-physically aggressive sexual harassment, physically aggressive sexual harassment, and sexual assault, during middle and high school. Sexual minority women and men reported higher rates of sexual harassment and assault compared to their straight counterparts.
JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
(2022)
Article
Criminology & Penology
Anita Raj, Abhishek Singh, Jay G. Silverman, Nandita Bhan, Kathryn M. Barker, Lotus McDougal
Summary: This study analyzes data from adolescent girls in India and reveals that approximately one in 30 girls has experienced sexual violence. Restricted movement is negatively associated with nonmarital sexual violence and positively associated with marital sexual violence. These findings indicate the need for social change to ensure girls' safety in Indian society.
JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE
(2022)
