Article
Environmental Sciences
David W. Bertolatus, Larry B. Barber, Christopher J. Martyniuk, Huajun Zhen, Timothy W. Collette, Drew R. Ekman, Aaron Jastrow, Jennifer L. Rapp, Alan M. Vajda
Summary: In order to evaluate the relationships between anthropogenic impacts, contaminant occurrence, and fish health, fish exposures were conducted across different land use sites in the Shenandoah River watershed. The study found adverse reproductive outcomes and increased mortality in fish exposed to wastewater treatment plant effluent and agricultural impacts. Molecular biomarkers and hepatic metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles indicated variations in land use and contaminant profiles. This study demonstrated the linkages between human impacts, contaminant occurrence, and exposure effects, highlighting the increased risk of adverse outcomes in fish exposed to complex mixtures.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marvin Choquet, Apollo M. Lizano, Alan Le Moan, Mark Ravinet, Anusha K. S. Dhanasiri, Galice Hoarau
Summary: Interspecific hybridization events are increasing in natural systems due to climate change. Microsatellites have been commonly used to identify admixed individuals, but recent studies have revealed incorrect reports of hybridization due to technical artefacts. In this study, two large SNP datasets were used to investigate the potential for hybridization among Calanus species. The results showed that Calanus species are distinct and do not appear to hybridize. Additionally, re-evaluation of microsatellites revealed technical issues that led to false results.
Review
Oceanography
Hein Rune Skjoldal, Elena Eriksen, Harald Gjosaeter
Summary: Zooplankton biomass has been monitored on joint Norwegian-Russian surveys since the 1980s. The study showed that the size composition of zooplankton is stable, with fluctuations in biomass influenced by the temperature of the Atlantic water.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linn H. Svendheim, Tjalling Jager, Pal A. Olsvik, Ida Beathe Overjordet, Tomasz M. Ciesielski, Trond Nordtug, Torstein Kristensen, Bjorn Henrik Hansen, Bjarne Kvaestad, Dag Altin, Julia Farkas
Summary: This study investigated the effects of mine tailing exposure on marine copepods and found that exposure led to slower growth and reduced lipid accumulation. The presence of metals and processing chemicals did not influence these responses, suggesting that uptake of mineral particles was responsible for the observed effects. The applied dynamic energy budget (DEB) model confirmed that ingestion of tailing particles while feeding can result in less energy being available for growth and development.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. Meng, W. O. Smith, S. L. Basedow
Summary: Ship-based observations and autonomous vehicles were used to assess the distributions of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and hydrographic features off the coast of northern Norway in late April - early May 2019. The study found substantial spatial and temporal variability on all scales, with spring phytoplankton accumulation starting in the south and moving northward over time. Primary productivity was highest in offshore waters with abundant nutrients. The study also highlighted the importance of understanding the coupling of phytoplankton to zooplankton for effective management of commercial species in Norwegian waters.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cait L. L. McCarry, Suennje L. Basedow, Emlyn J. J. Davies, David McKee
Summary: This study uses standardized ocean color imagery and radiative transfer modeling to identify reflectance anomalies potentially caused by surface swarms of Calanus finmarchicus in the northern Norwegian Sea. The results show high anomaly within the 'red' patch, indicating the presence of something other than the standard bio-optical model constituents. Optical closure is achieved through the addition of C. finmarchicus absorption into the model. The analysis suggests the potential for the over-estimation of chlorophyll concentrations if C. finmarchicus populations are present in the surface waters.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Sophie Guillotin, Nicolas Delcourt
Summary: Harmful algal blooms (HAB) and the release of toxic metabolites pose a threat to marine organisms and human health. The consequences of toxin exposure on gene expression, protein profile, and metabolic pathways are still not well understood, but recent OMICS-based research has provided important insights. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research and discusses the use of OMICS datasets to identify new features in ecotoxicology, food safety, and human health. Future perspectives in OMICS studies are also explored.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amy M. Paten, Theotime Colin, Chris W. Coppin, Leon N. Court, Andrew B. Barron, John G. Oakeshott, Matthew J. Morgan
Summary: Understanding the cumulative risk of chemical mixtures at environmentally realistic concentrations is crucial in honey bee ecotoxicology. Ecotoxicogenomics, specifically transcriptomics, can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying phenotypic responses and link them to population impacts. In this study, gene expression profiles of honey bee larvae exposed to the pesticide imidacloprid and acaricide thymol, both separately and in combination, were analyzed using RNA-seq. The separate and combined treatments had distinct gene expression profiles, affecting different signaling and metabolic pathways. The molecular signature of the mixture revealed additive interactions in stress responses and non-additive interactions in secondary responses. Novel impacts on eye development genes correlated with long-term defects in visual learning performance. Establishing mechanistic links between molecular and phenotypic responses is important when predicting the effects of chemical mixtures on populations.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Oceanography
Hein Rune Skjoldal, Johanna M. Aarflot, Espen Bagoien, Oystein Skagseth, Jon Ronning, Vidar S. Lien
Summary: Data was collected on copepodid abundance and stage composition of Calanus finmarchicus over 25 years (1995-2019) from four stations along an oceanographic transect across the western Barents Sea Opening. The data showed an increase in copepodite abundance in the water column from winter to summer, with higher densities observed in the southern stations compared to the northern stations.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Review
Oceanography
P. H. Wiebe, M. F. Baumgartner, N. J. Copley, G. L. Lawson, C. Davis, R. Ji, C. H. Greene
Summary: The variability of zooplankton populations is influenced by external and internal forcing. External forcing, such as large-scale changes in circulation, and internal forcing, including in situ growth, competition, and predation, control the variability. This study analyzed observational data to assess these forcings in the Gulf of Maine. The results showed that the abundance of diapausing C. finmarchicus was lower in 1998 compared to 1997 and 1999, despite comparable overall zooplankton biomass levels. The study also found that potential invertebrate predators had a higher biomass in 1998, potentially accounting for the missing C. finmarchicus cohort. This supports the hypothesis that local predation can control the diapausing stock of C. finmarchicus.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Solva Jacobsen, Eilif Gaard, Hjalmar Hatun
Summary: Calanus finmarchicus is a key secondary producer in the North Atlantic and its eggs are crucial for the survival of first feeding fish larvae in the early spring. A study conducted on and around the Faroe shelf for over two decades revealed spatial and temporal changes in the pre-bloom reproductive activity of C. finmarchicus. The decline in egg production may have consequences for the survival of first feeding fish larvae.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Elena Legrand, Amanda L. Bayless, Daniel W. Bearden, Fabio Casu, Michael Edwards, Annie Jacob, W. Edward Johnson, Tracey B. Schock
Summary: This study aimed to expand the knowledge of using metabolic end points in environmental monitoring by investigating the dreissenid mussel metabolome in the field. The results showed that the mussel metabolome had distinct characteristics at different sites and could reflect changes in energy metabolism and amino acids. Furthermore, the data highlighted the importance of considering seasonality and handling effects during sampling.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Inga Kristiansen, Hjalmar Hatun, Jan Arge Jacobsen, Solva K. Eliasen, Hildur Petursdottir, Eilif Gaard
Summary: The copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus are important prey species for Norwegian spring spawning herring in the Norwegian and Iceland Seas. The influx of these zooplankton species into the southern Norwegian Sea through the East Icelandic Water is highly variable. This study examined hydrographic and zooplankton data as well as fish data on herring to investigate changes in plankton availability and the feeding habits of herring in the south-western Norwegian Sea. The findings suggest that there has been a reversal to higher influx in recent years, with an increase in stomach fullness and a preference for the larger copepod species C. hyperboreus.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yan-Yu Gu, Qiang Wei, Liu-Yong Wang, Ze-Ming Zhang, Xiao-Qian Zhang, Ai-Li Sun, Jiong Chen, Xi-Zhi Shi
Summary: The study demonstrated that exposure to various concentrations of PAEs affected the antioxidant responses and metabolic balance of marine mussels, influencing amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, osmoregulation, and nerve activities in the mussels. These findings provide further insight into the toxicological effects of PAEs on marine organisms.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Min Zhang, Xiaoying Zou, Yixuan Du, Zhuangguang Pan, Fangqing He, Yuanming Sun, Meiying Li
Summary: This research investigated the anti-hyperlipidemia effects of alliin in vivo and its potential mechanisms using transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. The results showed that high doses of alliin intervention significantly decreased serum total cholesterol and liver malondialdehyde levels while increasing liver superoxide dismutase and catalase levels. Transcriptomics analysis revealed several genes involved in steroid biosynthesis, triglyceride metabolism, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Metabolomics analysis identified significant differences in carboxylic acids between the alliin group and the high-fat diet group. The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding the lipid-lowering mechanism of alliin and suggests potential market opportunities for its development and utilization in improving the health status of individuals with hyperlipidemia.
Article
Environmental Sciences
R. Almeda, R. Rodriguez-Torres, S. Rist, M. H. S. Winding, P. Stief, B. H. Hansen, T. Gissel Nielsen
Summary: The study revealed that Arctic sea ice has high concentrations of microplastics, and the reduction of sea ice in the Arctic opens up new opportunities for the oil and maritime industries, increasing the risk of oil pollution in the region. Copods exposed to microplastics and crude oil may exhibit behavioral stress responses, such as feeding suppression.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Trond Nordtug, Anders J. Olsen, Per-Arvid Wold, Iurgi Salaberria, Ida Beathe overjordet, Dag Altin, Elin Kjorsvik, Bjom Henrik Hansen
Summary: This study demonstrates that the timing of exposure and the presence of oil micro droplets can affect the uptake and survival of PAH in pelagic Atlantic cod eggs exposed to oil dispersions. Although the dissolved fraction is the main driver of toxicity in cod embryos, crude oil micro droplets also contribute to increased mortality.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mingyu Zhang, Yan Lin, Andy M. Booth, Xikun Song, Yaozong Cui, Bin Xia, Zhangjie Gu, Yifan Li, Fengjiao Liu, Minggang Cai
Summary: This study investigates the fate, sources, and mass budget of microplastics in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The results show that river discharge and maritime activities are the main pathways for microplastics to enter these seas, and most of the microplastics are deposited in sediments. The study highlights the importance of sedimentary microplastics in preventing further transport to the Pacific Ocean.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sofia Soloperto, Dag Altin, Anna Hallmann, Elise Skottene, Bjorn H. Hansen, Bjorn M. Jenssen, Tomasz M. Ciesielski
Summary: The copepod Calanus finmarchicus responds to deep-sea petroleum pollution mainly through lipid peroxidation, with significantly higher glutathione S-transferase activity and malondialdehyde concentrations in the exposed group compared to the control group.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Arne M. M. Malzahn, Antonio Sarno, Andreas Hagemann, Julia Farkas, Luciana Alves Musialek, Elin Kjorsvik, Bjorn Henrik Hansek
Summary: This study analyzed the egg quality of ballan wrasse and identified lipid species that are related to physiological and morphological egg quality markers. These lipid species can be proposed as key indicators for selecting high quality egg batches in hatcheries in the aquaculture industry.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jamila Patterson, K. Immaculate Jeyasanta, R. L. Laju, Andy M. Booth, Narmatha Sathish, J. K. Patterson Edward
Summary: This study assessed the abundance, characteristics, sources, and ecological risk of microplastics (MPs) in the Gulf of Mannar (GoM), southeast India. The results showed that polyethylene and polypropylene were the most common polymers in the region, and a majority of the MPs originated from land-based sources. While the GoM had a high hazard score for MPs, the overall pollution level and ecological risk were relatively low.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bjorn Henrik Hansen, Trond Nordtug, Ida Beathe Overjordet, Dag Altin, Julia Farkas, Per S. Daling, Kristin Rist Sorheim, Liv-Guri Faksness
Summary: This study assessed the potential toxicity of chemical herders to cold-water marine organisms. The results showed that herders are relatively non-toxic and do not significantly increase the toxicity when mixed with oil.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Ecology
Sebastian Primpke, Andy M. Booth, Gunnar Gerdts, Alessio Gomiero, Tanja Koegel, Amy Lusher, Jakob Strand, Barbara M. Scholz-Boettcher, Francois Galgani, Jennifer Provencher, Stefano Aliani, Shreyas Patankarl, Katrin Vorkamp
Summary: The pollution caused by plastics in the environment, including the Arctic region, is a growing concern globally. While larger plastic pieces are easily noticeable, the presence of smaller microplastics poses a threat to Arctic biota and human health. This review discusses the analytical tools, quality assurance, and quality control measures necessary for the identification, quantification, and characterization of microplastics in the Arctic, as well as the importance of standardized data reporting.
Article
Fisheries
Bjorn Henrik Hansen, Elin Kjorsvik, Arne M. Malzahn, Antonio Sarno, Ole Martin Kulild, Julia Farkas, Trond Nordtug, Rebecca Rye, Bjarne Kvaestad, Ingrid Lein, Andreas Hagemann
Summary: Wild-caught lumpfish have higher egg quality and hatching success compared to captive lumpfish, with no significant differences in other biological variables. The lipid composition of lumpfish eggs can be used to differentiate between eggs from wild-caught females of different origins and captive broodstock with different diets, and these lipid profiles can also predict the quality of the eggs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bjorn Henrik Hansen, Trond Nordtug, Ida Beathe Overjordet, Lisbet Sorensen, Bjarne Kvaestad, Emlyn John Davies, Sonnich Meier, Tania Gomes, Steven Brooks, Julia Farkas
Summary: Fish embryos can be used as sentinels for environmental biomonitoring, but their fragility and seasonality limit their use. In this study, caged lumpfish eggs were successfully used for in situ biomonitoring of organic contaminants. The eggs showed high survival rates in different environments. Organic contaminants were effectively accumulated in eggs in polluted areas, but no evidence of toxicity was found in terms of larval morphometry.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Arne M. Malzahn, Deni Ribicic, Bjorn Henrik Hansen, Antonio Sarno, Elin Kjorsvik, Anna Sigrid Norberg Aase, Luciana Alves Musialak, Laura Garcia-Calvo, Andreas Hagemann
Summary: The use of cleaner fish, specifically ballan wrasse, is crucial for controlling sea lice in salmonid cage farming. However, large-scale cultivation of ballan wrasse faces challenges due to the difficulty of the initial feeding phase and the lack of feeding protocols. In an experiment, feeding larvae copepods as their first diet resulted in higher survival rates and better growth compared to other feeding regimes.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Maximilian J. Huber, Natalia P. Ivleva, Andy M. Booth, Irina Beer, Ivana Bianchi, Roland Drexel, Otmar Geiss, Dora Mehn, Florian Meier, Alicja Molska, Jeremie Parot, Lisbet Sorensen, Gabriele Vella, Adriele Prina-Mello, Robert Vogel, Fanny Caputo
Summary: A comprehensive physicochemical characterization of heterogeneous nanoplastic (NPL) samples remains challenging due to the need for a combination of measurement techniques to improve accuracy and robustness. Various methods including DLS, NTA, TRPS, TEM, SEM, CLS, FFF-MALS, pyGC-MS, and RM were evaluated for NPL size, shape, chemical composition, and quantification. The applicability and limitations of these methods were assessed using representative particles of different chemical natures. The results showed that orthogonal batch methods provided comparable results for monodisperse spherical samples, while deviations were observed in polydisperse and non-spherical particles. Specific techniques such as TRPS and electron microscopy provided increased resolution and morphological information.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David R. Williamson, Trond Nordtug, Frode Leirvik, Bjarne Kvaestad, Bjorn Henrik Hansen, Martin Ludvigsen, Emlyn John Davies
Summary: Microscopic imaging and morphometric measurement of fish embryos and larvae are crucial for environmental monitoring and aquaculture. Our approach allows for fast imaging and analysis of millimetre-scale ichthyoplankton, producing results comparable to traditional microscopy while saving time and effort.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lin Zhu, Andy M. Booth, Sulan Feng, Congcong Shang, Hui Xiao, Xuexi Tang, Xuemei Sun, Xinguo Zhao, Bijuan Chen, Keming Qu, Bin Xia
Summary: This study investigated the bioavailability and toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) to marine microalgae under ultraviolet-B radiation (UVBR). The results showed that UVBR enhanced the growth inhibition caused by TiO2 NPs. Additionally, UVBR and TiO2 NPs exhibited significant antagonistic interaction on the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secreted by the microalgae, allowing more NPs to enter the algal cells. Internalized TiO2 NPs triggered the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, leading to lipid peroxidation and serious cellular damage in the microalgae. Overall, weakened EPS protection was identified as the key mechanism for the enhanced toxicity of TiO2 NPs under UVBR conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-NANO
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bjarne Kvaestad, Bjorn Henrik Hansen, Emlyn Davies
Summary: Measurement of morphometric parameters on fish larvae is important for environmental research and cultivation industry. The use of Mask R-CNN for instance segmentation helps to automate parameter acquisition, saving time and improving accuracy. This technique has been successfully tested on various species of organisms.
