Long-lived banks of oospores in lake sediments from the Trans-Urals (Russia) indicated by germination in over 300 years old radiocarbon dated sediments

Plant macro remains of more than 40 samples from 13 lakes of the Trans-Urals have been radiocarbon dated. Sediment samples from one lake (Lake FS, Russia, oblast Tscheljabinsk; 50 degrees-54 degrees N, 59 degrees-62 degrees E) contained oospores of Characeae which were transferred to water containers to test their viability. Oospores of Nitella mucronata (A. Braun) Miguel (Characeae) germinated and completed their lifecycle coming from a sediment depth of more than 50 cm. Radiocarbon datings derived from seeds of the same depth of the lake sediments imply an age over 300 years (339 +/- 33 uncal. BP (1469-1641 cal. AD) and 386 +/- 36 uncal. BP (1440-1633 cal. AD). Results indicate the potentials of oospores to survive under favourable conditions for much longer time as previously suggested. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.