Fisheries by-catch and processing waste meals as ingredients in diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Digestibility, feeding and growth studies were conducted with Nile tilapia using diets containing fishery by-catch and processing waste meals. Three meals manufactured from sorted fisheries by-catch (MBM, from mixed benthic species, SPM, from small pelagic species, CAM, from mixed catfish species) one from tuna cannery waste (TCW) and one commercial anchovy meal (COM) were tested. By-catch and processing waste meals had lower protein, lower lipid and higher ash contents than anchovy meal. The meals were all highly digestible and no significant differences (P >= 0.05) were observed between apparent protein digestibility measurements. Five feeds, containing fish meal as the major protein ingredient, were formulated and fed to triplicate groups of 30 juvenile tilapias for 9 weeks. Survival, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, phosphorus retention and whole body proximate composition were compared. Weight gain and SGRs were similar for each treatment group and compared favourably with the results obtained from juvenile tilapia elsewhere. Growth was the highest for CAM (P <= 0.05), which contained both the highest essential amino acid levels and the highest ash content. Phosphorus retention was significantly lower in fish fed with high ash meals, MBM, CAM and TCW (P <= 0.05) than in fish fed with the lower ash meals COM and SPM. Overall, the fisheries by-catch and processing waste meals evaluated in this study are suitable protein ingredients for juvenile tilapia feeds.