Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Zhong, Shaoxiong Liu, Xiaojie Lin, Yi Zhou
Summary: This study proposes an optimized design of district heating systems (DHS) based on granularity analysis methodology to harness distributed solar energy. The study applies hierarchical clustering and pipeline sizing optimization to calculate the optimal scheme with the best economic performance. It also introduces a quantitative granularity estimation method. The research highlights the importance of proper selection of granularity in the design stage for the economic and stable operation of DHS.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Qinghan Sun, Tian Zhao, Qun Chen, Kelun He, Huan Ma
Summary: In this article, a new model for distributed energy systems (DES) is proposed, which takes into account the delay and storage features of pipeline heat migration and heat transfer between fluids. A dispatch problem considering hybrid regulation of fluid flow rates and temperatures is established, and a decentralized gradient descent method with the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) is proposed to optimize the DES in a fully decentralized manner. Case studies on two test systems validate the effectiveness of the proposed model and method in reducing renewable energy curtailment by 17.3% and 27.0% respectively.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Maximilian Sporleder, Michael Rath, Mario Ragwitz
Summary: This study conducted a systematic literature review to examine the design optimization issues in district heating systems, identifying research gaps in stakeholder decision descriptions, computational efforts and resulting uncertainties, as well as the integration of low-grade heat sources, thermal storage facilities, and energy converters.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Stanislav Chicherin, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam
Summary: This study investigates variations and peak values of actual heat demand profiles in a centralized district heating network. It reveals that there is almost no weather correlation during warm months with supply temperatures exceeding 60 degrees C, and that thermal inertia of buildings affects their behavior differently in terms of needed space heating. By using precise heat demand data to design thermal energy storage units or district heating plants, DH operators can reduce energy prices and save energy fees for end-users by implementing weighted moving average strategies and advanced control techniques.
Article
Thermodynamics
Verena Halmschlager, Felix Birkelbach, Rene Hofmann
Summary: The industry accounts for about one third of global energy consumption, making it crucial to reduce energy consumption and emissions to achieve global climate goals. Operational optimization and flexibility measures can improve industrial processes efficiency, utilizing excess heat to decrease energy losses. By analyzing the optimal utilization of excess heat for district heating in a chipboard production plant, it was found that profits can be significantly increased by applying operational optimization and considering process adaptations.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yannick Wack, Martine Baelmans, Robbe Salenbien, Maarten Blommaert
Summary: This study proposes a pipe penalization approach for the economic topology optimization of District Heating Networks, inspired by density-based topology optimization. It aims to solve the optimal pipe routing problem as a non-linear topology optimization problem. By relaxing the combinatorial problem of pipe placement, this approach remains scalable for large-scale applications.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke-Lun He, Tian Zhao, Huan Ma, Qun Chen
Summary: This study distinguishes the heat storage mechanisms of heating networks (HN) and buildings based on a unified multi-energy flow model and energy conservation analysis. Optimization of water flow rates, supply water temperature in primary HN, and indoor air temperature can improve the flexibility of the system, specifically the accommodation of wind power. Results show that optimizing water flow rates and supply water temperature in primary HN can increase wind power accommodation by 14.3%, and optimizing water flow rates in primary HN and indoor air temperature can increase wind power accommodation by 15.3%. Conversely, optimizing supply water temperature in primary HN and indoor air temperature leads to a 30.2% reduction in wind power accommodation increase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Piotr Palka, Marcin Malec, Przemyslaw Kaszynski, Jacek Kaminski, Piotr Saluga
Summary: Investments in district heating system development require comprehensive analysis of technical, economic, and legal aspects. A mathematical model has been proposed to optimize both technical and economic aspects of the system. The model uses linear programming divided into three phases and was tested on a real-world system, confirming its effectiveness in decision support.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aki Pesola
Summary: This paper presents a new optimization approach for hybrid heating systems that combine centralized district heating assets and decentralized heat pumps. A modeling tool was developed to assess the impact of adding heat pumps to the existing district heating system. The results show that optimal use of heating assets can significantly reduce operating expenditure. To fully realize the benefits, heat pumps should be utilized to provide ancillary services and receive compensation for feeding heat into the district heating network. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the robustness of the modeling results.
Article
Thermodynamics
Victor M. Soltero, Gonzalo Quirosa, Diego Rodriguez, M. Estela Peralta, Carlos Ortiz, Ricardo Chacartegui
Summary: Biomass heating networks are a viable option for rural municipalities without natural gas supply, but their large-scale implementation faces challenges in profitability evaluation. The commonly used index, linear heat density, provides accurate estimations for high-density building networks, but not for low-density networks, leading to significant deviations when applied to biomass district heating networks. This study proposes a new index based on the cost-benefit analysis of investment, operation, and biomass costs to evaluate the profitability of biomass heating networks in rural areas. The application of this index in 499 rural municipalities in Spain shows high accuracy in estimating investment profitability, with R2 values between 0.8179 and 0.9442 compared to 0.2408 using linear heat density. The findings emphasize the importance of this approach for assessing biomass district heating potential in dispersed populations.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Marco Wirtz, Miguel Heleno, Hannah Romberg, Thomas Schreiber, Dirk Mueller
Summary: In the planning phase of district energy systems, optimization models based on mathematical programming are commonly used. However, most models only consider the optimal energy system design for a single representative year, neglecting the changing economic and technological conditions over the system's lifetime. This paper presents two multi-period optimization approaches for designing 5GDHC districts, which achieve cost savings and improve the design compared to the single-period model.
ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Juliane Schmidt, Peter Stange
Summary: The software tool introduced in this study supports decision makers and network planners in finding the cost optimal design for district heating networks. It incorporates user defined cost data, geo-referenced input, and technical boundary conditions for optimization. The tool can consider various constraints like existing networks and obstacles, and typically leads to an unmeshed network structure to ensure uninterrupted service.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Linde Frolke, Tiago Sousa, Pierre Pinson
Summary: This study proposes a network-aware heat market model that optimizes the integration of prosumers while minimizing operational costs. By fixing temperature variables and neglecting pumping power, the model simplifies complex heat network dynamics and encourages prosumer participation, resulting in reduced total costs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sanjana Vijayshankar, Chin-Yao Chang, Kumar Utkarsh, Dylan Wald, Fei Ding, Sivasathya Pradha Balamurugan, Jennifer King, Richard Macwan
Summary: This paper investigates the cyber resiliency of future power systems with high penetration of distributed energy resources using advanced distributed and (or) hierarchical control architectures. Specifically, cyberattacks on three prototypical use cases are simulated, and attack scenarios that have the most damaging impact on overall system performance are identified. It is shown that these attacks can significantly affect grid operation. Results provide additional insights into the robustness of the system to the most common cyberattacks.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dmitry Romanov, Stefan Holler
Summary: District heating is crucial for achieving climate goals, but public awareness is essential. Gamification in education can help bridge the knowledge gap in DH for both professionals and non-professionals.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Weiqiang Liu, Debanga Nandan Mondal, Alf Hermanson, Lei Shao, Henrik Saxen
Summary: An image analysis-based method has been developed to interpret videos of a transparent Hele-Shaw model for quantitative assessment of draining phenomena in blast furnace hearth. This method extracts information and quantifies findings to gain a deeper understanding of the complex two-phase flow.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Review
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Wei Zhang, Jing Dai, Chengzhi Li, Xiaobing Yu, Zhengliang Xue, Henrik Saxen
Summary: The theoretical study of the oxygen blast furnace process has led to suggestions for revisions of static and dynamic models, focusing on the newest theoretical findings in thermodynamics and kinetics. Further development of models concentrating on energy demand and emissions are recommended for enhanced efficiency and sustainability.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Han Wei, Weitian Ding, Ying Li, Hao Nie, Henrik Saxen, Hongming Long, Yaowei Yu
Summary: The porosity distribution of burden layers in the blast furnace is crucial for gas distribution and gas-solid two-phase interaction. Research has shown that as a layer of burden moves from top to bottom, it becomes more compact with decreased porosity, stabilizing after 4-5 new layers are added on top.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Chengbo Zhang, Chenxi Zhao, Lei Shao, Henrik Saxen, Yingxia Qu, Zongshu Zou
Summary: A wear model based on the solution of an inverse heat conduction problem was developed to track the evolution of the internal geometry of a large-scale BF in Chinese steelworks, revealing that the skull layer at the bottom of the BF hearth is thicker, preventing excessive lining erosion in the sidewall, and correlating well with taphole length.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lei Shao, Xiaonan Zhang, Chenxi Zhao, Yingxia Qu, Henrik Saxen, Zongshu Zou
Summary: The study found that using a dual-row gas injection system can improve the performance of the shaft furnace, especially in terms of gas utilization and total energy consumption. This is mainly due to a significant improvement in the thermochemical state of the furnace, leading to better utilization of the furnace volume.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shiyu Wei, Han Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: This paper uses the discrete element method (DEM) to study the effects of rolling and static friction coefficients on the repose angle. The results show that the repose angle increases with increasing coefficients of rolling and static friction, although the rate of increase diminishes. The coefficient of static friction has a greater impact on the repose angle than the coefficient of rolling friction, and the roughness of the base surface affects the repose angle.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qing Zhao, Xiaohui Mei, Lei Gao, Jinwen Zhang, Zhixiang Wang, Lifeng Sun, Ron Zevenhoven, Henrik Saxen
Summary: A fluorine-free ladle furnace slag (FFS) was designed based on an industrial fluorine-bearing refining slag (FBS) to avoid environmental pollution. The FFS has similar deoxidation and desulfurization capabilities to industrial FBS, as indicated by industrial-scale test results, with a composition range of CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, and the CaO/Al2O3 ratio.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shan Yu, Lei Shao, Zongshu Zou, Henrik Saxen
Summary: With the urgent drive for carbon neutrality and strict climate policies, the H-2 shaft furnace (H-2-SF) is gaining attention in the steel industry. A one-dimensional mathematical model was used to study the performance of the H-2-SF with a dual-row injection top gas recycling system. Results showed that increasing the upper-row injection rate and microwave power can improve furnace performance, with the latter promising greater energy efficiency and a decrease in total energy demand by about 0.2 GJ/t-Fe.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Debanga Nandan Mondal, Han Wei, Yaowei Yu, Henrik Saxen
Summary: This study analyzes the thermal and flow conditions in the upper shaft of a blast furnace using computational fluid dynamics combined with the discrete element method. The results show that charging significantly affects the gas and temperature distribution in the furnace, and discuss the implications of the findings.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weitian Ding, Bing Qi, Huiting Chen, Ying Li, Yuandong Xiong, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: This paper studies the effects of different inlet velocities, liquid densities, and viscosity on bubble and velocity distribution in an industrial furnace. The research finds that an appropriate inlet velocity and liquid viscosity can ensure the uniform distribution and fluidity of gas in the furnace.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huiting Chen, Weitian Ding, Han Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: The physical meaning of Basset force is studied using polynomial approximation and Fourier series representation. A mathematical model is set up to describe the upward motion of a single bubble, and the coupling interface with Basset force is experimentally verified. Various factors, such as initial velocity, releasing depth, bubble size, density ratio, and viscosity ratio, are qualitatively studied due to their importance to Basset force. Quantitative analysis of the contribution of Basset force is conducted using different ratios. Furthermore, insightful outlooks and recommendations for the further development and appropriate use of Basset force are provided.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuandong Xiong, Ying Li, Huiting Chen, Dejin Qiu, Shiyu Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: Cold-bonding technique is an environmentally friendly and low-consumption method for treating silicon nitride and silicon powder waste in industrial production. The experiment showed that increasing molding pressure and high-temperature treatment had a positive impact on the compressive strength of Si3N4 briquettes, while the effect on Si briquettes was minimal.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chengbo Zhang, Binbin Hou, Lei Shao, Zongshu Zou, Henrik Saxen
Summary: The undisturbed and well-controlled hearth state is crucial for the operation of an ironmaking blast furnace. A wear model was developed to estimate the hearth state of a three-taphole blast furnace. The model uses thermocouple readings and solves an inverse heat conduction problem to optimize the erosion and skull lines. The results showed excessive erosion in the hearth periphery and low permeability in the core of the deadman.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Meng Li, Xu Wang, Hao Yao, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: This paper proposes a method for coke particle detection using deep learning algorithm and estimates the particle size distribution using statistical methods. The experimental results show that the method is fast, accurate, and has a small error, providing a new approach for analyzing particle size distribution from images.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Han Wei, Henrik Saxen, Yaowei Yu
Summary: A proper burden and porosity distribution in the upper shaft of the ironmaking blast furnace is crucial for stable and efficient operation. The effects of static friction coefficient and shaft angle on the burden profile and porosity distribution were investigated using the discrete element method. The results show that a large static friction coefficient leads to particles staying closer to the impact point, and a larger mixed region decreases gas permeability, while an increase in burden particle roughness worsens the problem. The burden surface shape becomes flatter with increased shaft angle, and these findings shed light on the role of particle properties and wall geometry in the inner structure of the burden bed.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hai Zhao, Puzhen Gao, Xiaochang Li, Ruifeng Tian, Hongyang Wei, Sichao Tan
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between flow-induced vibration and forced convection heat transfer in a tube bundle. The results show that the impact of flow-induced vibration on heat transfer varies in different flow velocity regions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rohit Chintala, Jon Winkler, Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj, Xin Jin
Summary: The current state of fault detection and diagnosis for residential air-conditioning systems is expensive and not suitable for widespread implementation. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution by introducing an automated fault detection algorithm as a screening step before more expensive tests can be conducted. The algorithm uses home thermostats and local weather information to identify thermodynamic parameters and detect high-impact air-conditioning faults.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Azimi, N. Basiri, M. Eslami
Summary: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for improving the water-film cooling system of photovoltaic panels, resulting in a significant increase in net energy generation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duc-Thuan Phung, Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Summary: In this study, a novel CFDMD model is used to analyze and investigate the behavior of thermal-lag engines (TLE). The study shows that the CFDMD model effectively captures the thermodynamic behavior of the working gas and the dynamic behavior of the engine mechanism. Additionally, the study explores the temporal evolution of engine speed and the influence of various parameters on shaft power and brake thermal efficiency. The research also reveals the existence of a thermal-lag phenomenon in TLE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiying Yang, Yinjie Shen, Lin Li, Yichen Pan, Ping Yang
Summary: The purpose of this article is to find a measure to improve the interfacial thermal transfer of graphene/silicon heterojunction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, it is found that surface modification can significantly reduce the thermal resistance, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the graphene/silicon interface.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qiong Wu, Yancheng Wang, Haonan Zhou, Xingye Qiu, Deqing Mei
Summary: This article introduces a visible methanol steam reforming microreactor, which uses an optical crystal as an observation window and measures the reaction temperature in real-time using infrared thermography. The results show that under lower oxygen to carbon ratio conditions, the microreactor has a higher heating rate and a stable gradient in temperature distribution.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Thermodynamics
Giulia Manco, Umberto Tesio, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying energy systems for the combined management of power vectors. Most of the published works focus on finding the optimal design and operations of Multi Energy Systems (MES). However, for newcomers to this field, understanding how to achieve the desired optimization details while controlling computational expenses can be challenging and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the existing literature on MES, with the aim of guiding practical development of MES optimization. Through the discussion of six case studies, the authors provide a mathematical formulation as a reference for building the model and emphasize the impact of different aspects on the problem nature and solver selection. In addition, the paper also discusses the different approaches used in the literature for incorporating thermal networks and storage in the optimization of multi-energy systems.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuepeng Yuan, Caiman Yan, Yunxian Huang, Yong Tang, Shiwei Zhang, Gong Chen
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale microgroove wick (MSMGW) was developed by laser irradiation, which demonstrated superior capillary performance. The surface morphology and performance of the wick were affected by laser scan pitch, laser power, repetition frequency, and scanning speed. The MSMGW showed optimal capillary performance in alumina material and DI water as the working fluid.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maofei Mei, Feng Hu, Chong Han
Summary: This paper proposes an effective local search method based on detection of droplet boundaries for understanding the dynamic process of droplet growth during dropwise condensation. The method is validated by comparing with experimental data. The present simulation provides an effective approach to more accurately predict the nucleation site density in future studies.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rahul Kumar Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Dibakar Rakshit
Summary: The study explores the use of phase change materials (PCM) as a retrofit with Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems (HVAC) to reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. By incorporating PCM with specific thickness and fin configurations, significant energy savings can be achieved in comparison to standard HVAC systems utilizing R134a. This research provides policymakers with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions for HVAC systems to combat climate change.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenhua Ren, Xiangjin Meng, Xingang Qi, Hui Jin, Yunan Chen, Bin Chen, Liejin Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the heat transfer mechanism and factors influencing thermal radiation in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal, and proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate the process. Experimental validation results show that thermal radiation accounts for a significant proportion of the total heat exchange in the reactor and a large amount of radiant energy exists in the important spectral range of supercritical water. Enhancing radiative heat transfer can effectively increase the temperature of the reaction medium and the gasification rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mauro Abela, Mauro Mameli, Sauro Filippeschi, Brent S. Taft
Summary: Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are passive two-phase heat transfer devices with a simple structure and high heat transfer capabilities. The actual unpredictability of their dynamic behavior during startup and thermal crisis hinders their large-scale application. An experimental apparatus is designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. The results show that increasing the number of evaporator sections and condenser temperature improves the performance of PHP. The condenser temperature also affects the initial liquid phase distribution and startup time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Gan, Ruilian Li, Yi Zheng, Hui Xu, Ying Gao, Jiajie Qian, Ziming Wei, Bin Kong, Hong Zhang
Summary: A 3-dimensional enhanced heat pipe radiator has been developed to improve heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in cooling high-power electronic components. Experimental results show that the radiator has superior heat transfer performance compared to a conventional aluminum fin radiator under different heating powers and wind speed conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhang, Shuzhong Wang, Daihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Wu
Summary: This study focuses on recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag using dry centrifugal pelletizing technology. A comprehensive two-dimensional model was developed to analyze heat transfer dynamics and investigate factors influencing heat exchange efficiency. The findings have important implications for optimizing waste heat recovery and ensuring safe operations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xincheng Wu, An Zou, Qiang Zhang, Zhaoguang Wang
Summary: The boosting heat generation rate of high-performance processors is challenging traditional cooling techniques. This study proposes a combined design of active jet intermittency and passive surface modification to enhance heat transfer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
