Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jonathan D. Morris, Syed Sheraz Daood, William Nimmo
Summary: This study tested dolomite and kaolin as additives for agglomeration mitigation with agricultural biomasses. The results showed that dolomite prevented bed defluidization with miscanthus, while kaolin had no improvement with wheat straw. SEM/EDX analysis revealed evidence of chemical reaction between the additives and fuels.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qi Hong, Peng Wang, Ziying Chen, Zhen Huang, Laihong Shen, Tao Song
Summary: Red mud shows low reactivity with methane and better reactivity with biomass char. It exhibits stable reactivity during oxygen carrier cycles, but tends to agglomerate during methane fluidized bed experiments.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hetian Chi, Miguel A. Pans, Chenggong Sun, Hao Liu
Summary: In this study, the use of molochite and dolomite as bed additives in a fluidised bed combustor was investigated to counter agglomeration during the combustion of wheat straw and miscanthus pellets. The results showed that dolomite was superior to molochite in prolonging defluidisation time when firing wheat straw. Lime addition to fuel had the most significant improvement on combustion performance for both fuels. The oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere had a great impact on the effectiveness of dolomite but little influence on the effectiveness of molochite.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Witold Zukowski, Dawid Jankowski, Jerzy Baron, Jan Wrona
Summary: The study compared the combustion of selected artificial polymers and biomasses in a fluidized bed reactor, finding similar combustion times for packaging and construction materials, but longer times for polyvinyl chloride and polyamide. The combustion time of biomass particles depended on mass rather than type. The presence of radicals from liquefied petroleum gas combustion influenced carbon chain fragmentation, shortening polymer combustion times compared to tests without gaseous supporting fuel.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Raul Favaro Nascimento, Mariana Ferreira Avila, Osvaldir Pereira Taranto, Louise Emy Kurozawa
Summary: This study conducted a bibliometric analysis to examine the global panorama and trends in agglomeration in a fluidized bed over the past four decades. China, Sweden, Germany, Canada, and the United States were identified as the most productive countries in terms of publications. Keyword analysis revealed the importance of fluidization, biomass, granulation, defluidization, and coating in agglomeration in fluidized beds. The study also found that the main focuses of publications were granulation and combustion, and research emphasis is progressing towards evaluating operating parameters and measurement techniques to enhance theoretical approaches in agglomeration in fluidized beds.
Article
Energy & Fuels
T. Leffler, M. Eriksson, B. Leckner, F. Lind, F. Winquist, P. Knutsson
Summary: The thermal conversion of biomass fuel mixes in fluidized beds can cause agglomeration. To counteract agglomeration, bed material is gradually exchanged with virgin bed material, and this results in increased disposal of used bed material. Furthermore, the bed material exchange represents a costly option, as it involves a cost for virgin bed material, for landfill, and for unplanned downtime of the plant. This paper presents a novel method for the evaluation of bed material quality: the electronic tongue (ET). Evaluation of bed material quality can contribute toward decreasing the cost of unnecessary exchanges of bed material. The proposed method was tested on bed material sampled on an almost daily basis from a commercial fluidized bed boiler during several months of operation. A two-electrode ET was used for the evaluation of the bed material quality. The analysis relied on pulsed voltammetry measurements and multivariate data analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results suggest that it is possible to follow bed material changes and that the ET, after further development, may be used to optimize the material flows connected to the bed material. Further research is being conducted to optimize the ET's performance and its application in monitoring bed material.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dennis Y. Lu, Yewen Tan, Marc A. Duchesne, David McCalden
Summary: Biomass, a complex fuel containing organic and inorganic matter, can cause ash-related problems in combustion systems. This study focuses on estimating the potential for potassium absorption by bed materials in high-potassium biomass fuel combustion. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of various factors on potassium capture. The results show that temperature and potassium salt type have a significant impact on potassium capture, while the gas atmosphere has a less notable effect.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Robin Faust, Panida Aonsamang, Jelena Maric, Alyona Tormachen, Martin Seemann, Pavleta Knutsson
Summary: Thermal conversion of automotive shredder residue (ASR) using indirect fluidized bed gasification was conducted, with a focus on the interactions between the bed material and the ASR ash. Iron deposition onto olivine particles was observed, potentially increasing their oxygen-carrying ability. A significant portion of the particles in the bed originated from the ASR ash, containing Fe, Si, Zn, Ti, Cu, with some particles exhibiting a hollow morphology suggesting a melt state during formation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Subhodeep Banerjee, Mehrdad Shahnam, William A. Rogers, Robin W. Hughes
Summary: Interest in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers as a power generation technology has increased due to advantages such as increased combustion efficiency and the ability to use lower rank fuels. CFB combustors operate at lower temperatures, reducing NOx emissions, and SO2 emissions can be controlled through the addition of sulfur sorbents.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Matej Vodicka, Kristyna Michalikova, Jan Hrdlicka, Cornelia Hofbauer, Franz Winter, Pavel Skopec, Jitka Jenikova
Summary: This paper presents an experimental study on the feasibility of using different bed materials for oxy-fuel combustion of biomass in a bubbling fluidized bed. The results show that using lightweight ceramic aggregate can effectively control the combustion process, and ceramic materials are lighter with lower pressure drop, reducing the energy needed to drive the fluidization fan.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Eduardo Garcia, Hao Liu
Summary: The study found that using ilmenite as the bed material can reduce CO emissions, decrease efficiency loss, but increase NOx emissions. Ilmenite can also reduce the size of agglomerates and decrease the tendency towards defluidisation.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Francisco Regis Machado Nascimento, Aldemar Martinez Gonzalez, Electo Eduardo Silva Lora, Albert Ratner, Jose Carlos Escobar Palacio, Rafaela Reinaldo
Summary: Thermochemical conversion through gasification is an important technology for energy recovery from solid fuel, with higher conversion efficiency than combustion and pyrolysis. The most common technologies for this conversion involve fluidized bed or bubbling fluidized bed systems, operating at isothermal temperatures to promote chemical reactions and gas-solid contact. High gasification temperatures improve carbon conversion efficiency but may increase the risk of bed agglomeration, especially with alkali-rich biomasses.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Elmeri Pienihakkinen, Christian Lindfors, Taina Ohra-aho, Juha Lehtonen, Tom Granstrom, Minna Yamamoto, Anja Oasmaa
Summary: This study investigated fast pyrolysis of hydrolysis lignin in fluidized bed units, identifying technical challenges related to lignin degradation rates, secondary reactions in the vapor phase, pressure buildup, and deposit formation. The carbohydrate content of hydrolysis lignin was found to impact processability, with lower carbohydrate content leading to more challenges such as clogging and bed agglomeration. Solutions such as adding a rotating mixer or feeding raw material in different sections of the reactor were proposed to overcome these challenges.
Review
Thermodynamics
Melbin Benny, P. Suraj, P. Arun, C. Muraleedharan
Summary: Gasification of lignocellulosic biomass in a fluidized bed gasifier is a preferred option for gaseous fuel generation and solid waste management. However, the formation of agglomerates due to the interaction of inorganic elements and bed materials limits its wide adoption. This study reviews the mechanism of agglomerate formation and ash behavior, summarizes investigations on various bed materials, and suggests alternatives to conventional bed materials. Additionally, the detection of agglomeration using experimental and online methods is discussed, which can help in mitigating agglomeration without affecting process parameters.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ivan Gogolev, Toni Pikkarainen, Juho Kauppinen, Carl Linderholm, Britt-Marie Steenari, Anders Lyngfelt
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of biomass is a promising technology for power generation with integrated carbon capture, but the alkali content of biomass may lead to bed agglomeration and oxygen carrier absorption issues. Studies have shown that gas-phase alkali emissions in CLC operation can be up to 15 times higher than in OCAC operation, mainly due to steam accelerating the decomposition of alkali compounds in the biomass.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hai Zhao, Puzhen Gao, Xiaochang Li, Ruifeng Tian, Hongyang Wei, Sichao Tan
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between flow-induced vibration and forced convection heat transfer in a tube bundle. The results show that the impact of flow-induced vibration on heat transfer varies in different flow velocity regions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rohit Chintala, Jon Winkler, Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj, Xin Jin
Summary: The current state of fault detection and diagnosis for residential air-conditioning systems is expensive and not suitable for widespread implementation. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution by introducing an automated fault detection algorithm as a screening step before more expensive tests can be conducted. The algorithm uses home thermostats and local weather information to identify thermodynamic parameters and detect high-impact air-conditioning faults.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Azimi, N. Basiri, M. Eslami
Summary: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for improving the water-film cooling system of photovoltaic panels, resulting in a significant increase in net energy generation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duc-Thuan Phung, Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Summary: In this study, a novel CFDMD model is used to analyze and investigate the behavior of thermal-lag engines (TLE). The study shows that the CFDMD model effectively captures the thermodynamic behavior of the working gas and the dynamic behavior of the engine mechanism. Additionally, the study explores the temporal evolution of engine speed and the influence of various parameters on shaft power and brake thermal efficiency. The research also reveals the existence of a thermal-lag phenomenon in TLE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiying Yang, Yinjie Shen, Lin Li, Yichen Pan, Ping Yang
Summary: The purpose of this article is to find a measure to improve the interfacial thermal transfer of graphene/silicon heterojunction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, it is found that surface modification can significantly reduce the thermal resistance, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the graphene/silicon interface.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qiong Wu, Yancheng Wang, Haonan Zhou, Xingye Qiu, Deqing Mei
Summary: This article introduces a visible methanol steam reforming microreactor, which uses an optical crystal as an observation window and measures the reaction temperature in real-time using infrared thermography. The results show that under lower oxygen to carbon ratio conditions, the microreactor has a higher heating rate and a stable gradient in temperature distribution.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Thermodynamics
Giulia Manco, Umberto Tesio, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying energy systems for the combined management of power vectors. Most of the published works focus on finding the optimal design and operations of Multi Energy Systems (MES). However, for newcomers to this field, understanding how to achieve the desired optimization details while controlling computational expenses can be challenging and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the existing literature on MES, with the aim of guiding practical development of MES optimization. Through the discussion of six case studies, the authors provide a mathematical formulation as a reference for building the model and emphasize the impact of different aspects on the problem nature and solver selection. In addition, the paper also discusses the different approaches used in the literature for incorporating thermal networks and storage in the optimization of multi-energy systems.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuepeng Yuan, Caiman Yan, Yunxian Huang, Yong Tang, Shiwei Zhang, Gong Chen
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale microgroove wick (MSMGW) was developed by laser irradiation, which demonstrated superior capillary performance. The surface morphology and performance of the wick were affected by laser scan pitch, laser power, repetition frequency, and scanning speed. The MSMGW showed optimal capillary performance in alumina material and DI water as the working fluid.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maofei Mei, Feng Hu, Chong Han
Summary: This paper proposes an effective local search method based on detection of droplet boundaries for understanding the dynamic process of droplet growth during dropwise condensation. The method is validated by comparing with experimental data. The present simulation provides an effective approach to more accurately predict the nucleation site density in future studies.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rahul Kumar Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Dibakar Rakshit
Summary: The study explores the use of phase change materials (PCM) as a retrofit with Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems (HVAC) to reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. By incorporating PCM with specific thickness and fin configurations, significant energy savings can be achieved in comparison to standard HVAC systems utilizing R134a. This research provides policymakers with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions for HVAC systems to combat climate change.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenhua Ren, Xiangjin Meng, Xingang Qi, Hui Jin, Yunan Chen, Bin Chen, Liejin Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the heat transfer mechanism and factors influencing thermal radiation in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal, and proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate the process. Experimental validation results show that thermal radiation accounts for a significant proportion of the total heat exchange in the reactor and a large amount of radiant energy exists in the important spectral range of supercritical water. Enhancing radiative heat transfer can effectively increase the temperature of the reaction medium and the gasification rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mauro Abela, Mauro Mameli, Sauro Filippeschi, Brent S. Taft
Summary: Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are passive two-phase heat transfer devices with a simple structure and high heat transfer capabilities. The actual unpredictability of their dynamic behavior during startup and thermal crisis hinders their large-scale application. An experimental apparatus is designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. The results show that increasing the number of evaporator sections and condenser temperature improves the performance of PHP. The condenser temperature also affects the initial liquid phase distribution and startup time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Gan, Ruilian Li, Yi Zheng, Hui Xu, Ying Gao, Jiajie Qian, Ziming Wei, Bin Kong, Hong Zhang
Summary: A 3-dimensional enhanced heat pipe radiator has been developed to improve heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in cooling high-power electronic components. Experimental results show that the radiator has superior heat transfer performance compared to a conventional aluminum fin radiator under different heating powers and wind speed conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhang, Shuzhong Wang, Daihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Wu
Summary: This study focuses on recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag using dry centrifugal pelletizing technology. A comprehensive two-dimensional model was developed to analyze heat transfer dynamics and investigate factors influencing heat exchange efficiency. The findings have important implications for optimizing waste heat recovery and ensuring safe operations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xincheng Wu, An Zou, Qiang Zhang, Zhaoguang Wang
Summary: The boosting heat generation rate of high-performance processors is challenging traditional cooling techniques. This study proposes a combined design of active jet intermittency and passive surface modification to enhance heat transfer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)