Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Wanhai Liu, Mohsin O. AL-Khafaji, Zainab Ali Bu Sinnah, Nawras Ali Salman, M. Gh. Said, Kadhum Al-Majdi, Adnan Hashim Abdulkadhim, Majid Zarringhalam, Shaghayegh Baghaei
Summary: In this study, the flow of argon within different microchannels was simulated using the molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) method. The influence of surface roughness with different geometries on the fluid flow distribution was investigated by simulating ideal microchannels and roughening their internal surfaces with cone, cubic, and spherical barriers. The results showed that cone and spherical barriers had little impact on the flow characteristics, while cubic barriers delayed the density distribution of argon flow in the middle region of the microchannel. The study also observed the effects of thermal and external energies on the distribution of fluid particles in different sections of the microchannel.
AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hongren Zhan, Dongling Liu, Baichen Ji, Debin Liu, Zhigang Zhang
Summary: This paper uses molecular dynamics to study the boiling mechanism of water film explosion and the effect of hybrid wettability concave and convex surfaces on boiling heat transfer. It is found that different wettability surfaces influence the motion behavior of water molecules, leading to different nucleation and boiling speeds of water films. Moreover, surfaces with specific wettability and concave-convex nanostructures can enhance the efficiency of explosive boiling heat transfer.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yanhong Sun, Wenjie Chen, Jinli Lu, Changlong Wang
Summary: In this study, experimental investigation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a thin liquid film in micro circular tubes with an inner diameter of 0.5 mm was conducted. The results showed that the temperature and pressure fluctuation was consistent with the generation of bubble clusters, providing insights into the mechanism of flow boiling instability. The characteristics of void fraction, such as the duration of bubbles and liquid slugs, were obtained from the dynamic distribution diagram of the liquid film thickness, and the experimental data showed a good agreement with the homogeneous model. The temporary variation of the thin liquid film offered an opportunity to probe the physics of bubble dynamics and instability during flow boiling.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Peng Zhang, Tao Wang, Yuyan Jiang, Chaohong Guo
Summary: Micro liquid film in microchannels plays a crucial role in flow boiling. Most previous studies have focused on flow boiling in circular microchannels, while this study investigates flow boiling in square microchannels. The experimental results show that the liquid film thickness in the square microchannels is smaller than that in the circular microchannels under the same capillary number. A theoretical model is proposed to predict the liquid film thickness.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Danhong Li, Changyong Jiang, Xia Cao, Hui Li, Maboud Hekmatifar, Roozbeh Sabetvand
Summary: This study investigates the effect of factors such as cross-sectional area and the number of Fe nanoparticles on pool boiling heat transfer of water/Fe nanofluid in a microchannel. The results show that increasing the number of nanoparticles reduces the phase-change duration, while reducing the cross-sectional area increases the heat flux and enhances the heat transfer coefficient. These findings are important for optimizing heat transfer processes in micro and nanoscale applications.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ying Xu, Xinying Zhang, Seyedmahmoodreza Allahyari, As'ad Alizadeh, Davood Toghraie, Amin Rahmani
Summary: Molecular dynamics simulation was used to study boiling flow of argon fluid in microchannels with ideal and roughened surfaces. The shape of barriers was found to have an impact on the density distribution of the fluid, with this effect diminishing over time.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shan Gao, Jian Qu, Zhichun Liu, Wei Liu
Summary: In this study, nanoscale thin-film boiling on different surfaces was simulated, and it was found that the heat transfer performance of boiling depends on the surface properties. Rough structures improve the efficiency of boiling, while hydrophobic surfaces lead to heat transfer deterioration. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the variation of interfacial thermal resistance.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenyu Liu, Zeyu Liu, Runkeng Liu
Summary: Surface wettability and structure are important factors affecting thermal transport at the solid-liquid interface at the nano scale. This study used non-equilibrium molecular dynamics to investigate the boiling behavior of nano thin liquid argon film on heterogeneous wetting surfaces. The results showed that a lower hydrophobic area fraction favored bubble formation and the ring-patterned surface was more conducive to nucleate boiling compared to the stripe-patterned surface. The nano-structure also played a significant role in enhancing boiling heat transfer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Sachin Zanje, Kannan Iyer, Janani Srree Murallidharan, Hemant Punekar, Vinay Kumar Gupta
Summary: Research indicates the need for improvement in existing cavitation models for bubble growth prediction, leading to the development of a coupled mass, momentum, and energy model. Parametric studies show that the growth rate of bubbles follows a linear trend on a log-log plot during initial stages, eventually settling into an asymptotic non-linear curve independent of Jakob number (J(a)). Integrating bubble growth rate expressions for radius prediction results in good agreement with experimental data, with a mean relative error of 1.2% and root mean square relative error of 8% over a wide range of J(a) values.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Longyan Zhang, Jinliang Xu
Summary: The study employed molecular dynamics to investigate phase changes of thin liquid films on nanostructured surfaces with hybrid wettability. Results show that the original residual vapor nuclei facilitate the mechanism of nucleate boiling, and competition mechanism between liquid film and nanostructure was identified. Hydrophobic nanocavities induce a piston-like effect, reducing the waiting time for bubble nucleation and being more effective in bubble generation compared to hydrophilic nanocavities.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mark Schepperle, Muhannad Ghanam, Andreas Bucherer, Timo Gerach, Peter Woias
Summary: In this study, a non-invasive platinum microheater/temperature sensor array has been developed for direct heating and temperature measurement in microchannels. This array offers fast response times and high accuracy, making it suitable for studying microchannel boiling and calculating heat transfer coefficients.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Amirhosein Mosavi, Majid Zarringhalam, Davood Toghraie, Amin Rahmani, Aliakbar Karimipour
Summary: Roughness elements aid in distributing boiling thermal forces to fluid atoms in central layers of microchannels, particularly at high time steps, and higher wall temperatures lead to a slight decrease in velocity but do not disrupt the boiling flow properties of Argon.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
L. Lombaard, M. A. Moghimi, P. Valluri, J. P. Meyer
Summary: The study investigated the behavior of multiple bubbles in microchannels and found that closer distance between bubbles led to better heat transfer. Sequential bubbles significantly improved heat transfer efficiency in the cases examined.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yi Yuan, Li Chen, Chuangde Zhang, Xiaoyu Li, Wen-Quan Tao
Summary: This study numerically investigates the subcooling flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in a manifold microchannel (MMC) using a phase change model. The results show that a lower subcooling promotes nucleate boiling but leads to earlier increase in thermal resistance. Optimal channel height and outlet/inlet width ratio optimize the heat transfer performance. Moreover, a new heat transfer correlation is developed, which significantly improves the prediction accuracy of nucleate boiling in MMC compared to existing correlations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhong Tian, Han Yan, Qing Peng, Lin Jay Guo, Shengjun Zhou, Can Ding, Peng Li, Qi Luo
Summary: This study investigated the effect of aluminum doping on the surface morphology of ultra-thin silver films, revealing that Al-doped silver films exhibited smaller surface roughness at various substrate temperatures. The addition of aluminum dopants promoted the immobilization of silver atoms on SiO2 substrate, resulting in a smoother surface attributed to the reduced mean free path of silver due to the cage effect by the aluminum dopant.
Article
Thermodynamics
Chenpeng Liu, Yang Chen, Daili Feng, Hongxing Zhang, Jianyin Miao, Yanhui Feng, Yuying Yan, Xinxin Zhang
Summary: With the development of space technology, the thermal control requirements for spacecraft are increasing. In this study, a large-area cryogenic loop heat pipe is designed for an optical telescope, which provides efficient and reliable heat dissipation with an average temperature performance of less than 5K.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wenning Zhou, Long Jiang, Xunliang Liu, Yang Hu, Yuying Yan
Summary: The study found that mixed surfactants exhibit superior performance by attracting and reducing repulsion between molecules to improve interfacial properties. Controlling the number of ethylene oxide groups can prevent surfactant aggregation and enhance interfacial performance. The positive charge of DTAC molecules shows strong repulsion to salt ions, increasing the overall salt resistance of mixed surfactants.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ding Luo, Yuying Yan, Ying Li, Ruochen Wang, Shan Cheng, Xuelin Yang, Dongxu Ji
Summary: This study proposes a hybrid transient CFD-thermoelectric numerical model to predict the dynamic response characteristics of an automobile thermoelectric generator system. Through transient numerical study, it is found that the dynamic output power changes smoothly while the conversion efficiency fluctuates greatly. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the dynamic response characteristics of the automobile thermoelectric generator system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Shuai Zhang, Yuying Yan
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive analysis on the energy, exergy, and economic aspects of using ceramic foam/molten salt composite phase change material (CPCM) for medium-and high-temperature thermal energy storage systems. The results showed that the melting rate and energy storage rate were significantly improved with the use of ceramic foam-enhanced molten salt. The exergy efficiency of CPCMs was also higher than that of pure PCM. Additionally, the economic analysis indicated the feasibility of CPCMs with certain porosities within a certain price range. This study is of great importance for the large-scale application of ceramic foam in thermal energy storage.
Article
Mechanics
Wenning Zhou, Yufu Xing, Xunliang Liu, Yuying Yan
Summary: In this study, a multi-relaxation time phase-field lattice Boltzmann model is proposed for simulating droplet dynamics with soluble surfactants. The accuracy and validity of the model are verified by benchmark tests, and the effects of surfactant, capillary number, and density ratio on droplet deformation and interaction are investigated. The simulation results show that the inhomogeneous distribution of surfactant generates Marangoni stress, which promotes droplet deformation and hinders droplet coalescence. Within the studied range, droplets deform more easily with a decrease in density ratio, while an increase in capillary number and surfactant concentration promotes droplet deformation and breakup. Moreover, a higher surfactant concentration results in a thicker liquid film between droplets, hindering their coalescence.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ding Luo, Yuying Yan, Ying Li, Wei-Hsin Chen, Xuelin Yang, Xuehui Wang, Bingyang Cao
Summary: This study evaluates the dynamic performance of a simplified automobile thermoelectric generator under different driving cycles and provides guidance for the application of automobile thermoelectric waste heat recovery. The findings suggest that the dynamic output power of the generator exhibits smoother fluctuations compared to exhaust temperature and displays hysteresis in its response, while the dynamic conversion efficiency experiences sharp fluctuations. The behavior of the generator in dynamic situations is not entirely proportional to vehicle speed but depends on changes in exhaust heat. Comparing steady and dynamic results, it is found that the steady-state model overestimates output power but may underestimate conversion efficiency. The automobile thermoelectric generator is more suitable for vehicles with frequent speed changes to enhance dynamic output performance.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuai Zhang, Yuying Yan, Yingai Jin, Yang Gao
Summary: In this study, the energy storage performance of ceramic foam-enhanced molten salt in a shell-and-tube unit is investigated. The effects of ceramic foam configurations such as the filling height, porosity and outer diameter are studied. The results show that the enhancement performance is remarkable when the ceramic foam reaches the inner tube, while it is insignificant in the case of below the inner tube. The study suggests that ceramic foam can serve as a suitable thermal enhancer for molten salt in high-temperature solar thermal energy storage applications due to its corrosion resistance and cost advantage.
Article
Thermodynamics
Baoping Xu, Peihong Jiang, Zhuo Chen, Qiangang Li, Xi Wang, Yuying Yan
Summary: Intermittent heating is considered to be an effective way to save energy compared to continuous heating. However, the actual energy savings can vary greatly depending on building conditions, terminals, and heating supply systems. More research is needed on the energy savings resulting from intermittent heating for multi-zone buildings with heat pumps and specific terminals.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhiming Xu, Yu Zhao, Yuying Yan, Hao Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the corrosion inhibition properties of Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC) on Fe, Cu, and Al using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of the adsorption configuration, interaction energy of SCMC on different metal surfaces, and the degree of polymerization change of SCMC molecules were analyzed. The results show that SCMC has a strong interaction with metal surfaces and can still adsorb to the metal surface in a water environment, although the adsorption energy is reduced.
COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ding Luo, Yuying Yan, Ying Li, Xuelin Yang, Hao Chen
Summary: The automobile thermoelectric generator is a promising technology for improving fuel economy. By optimizing the fin distance and thickness of the heat exchanger, significant improvements in performance are observed, with increases in power, efficiency, net power, and net efficiency compared to the generator without fin optimizations.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ding Luo, Ying Li, Yuying Yan, Xiaoming Hu, Xi'an Fan, Wei-Hsin Chen, Yong Ren, Bingyang Cao
Summary: This study aims to address the low conversion efficiency of thermoelectric modules by introducing a novel periodic heating method. Testing and modeling analysis showed that the periodic heating method greatly improved the average efficiency and ZTta value of the thermoelectric modules. Additionally, recommendations for optimizing parameters were provided to further enhance the dynamic behavior.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wanchen Sun, Wenpeng Zeng, Liang Guo, Hao Zhang, Yuying Yan, Shaodian Lin, Genan Zhu, Mengqi Jiang, Changyou Yu, Fei Wu
Summary: Under the background of the carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the development and utilization of zero-carbon fuels, such as green ammonia and green hydrogen, have gained attention. The transportation and storage issues of hydrogen limit its industrial development, while ammonia has advantages as a hydrogen energy carrier for power systems. A study on the combustion and flame development of the ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine was conducted, and the results showed that ammonia combustion has lower heat release and lower indicated mean effective pressure compared to pure diesel combustion. The flame characteristics of the ammonia-diesel dual-fuel combustion mode differed from the pure diesel combustion mode.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ding Luo, Yuying Yan, Wei-Hsin Chen, Xuelin Yang, Hao Chen, Bingyang Cao, Yulong Zhao
Summary: This paper proposes a comprehensive hybrid transient CFD-thermal resistance model for predicting the dynamic behavior of an automobile thermoelectric generator (ATEG) system. The model considers temperature dependencies, topological connections of thermoelectric modules, and dynamic characteristics, providing high accuracy and short computational time. The dynamic behavior of the ATEG system is analyzed using transient exhaust heat as the heat source input. The model results show that the dynamic output power of the ATEG system follows the same variation trend as the exhaust temperature, but with more stability. The model is experimentally validated, yielding mean deviations of 7.70% for output voltage and 1.12% for outlet air temperature. It serves as a convenient tool for evaluating the behavior of ATEG systems under different topological connections and assessing their dynamic performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shuai Zhang, Yuying Yan
Summary: Latent heat thermal energy storage improves the utilization efficiency of renewable energy. Stones are used as both sensible heat storage media and thermal enhancer of phase change materials, which are widely accessible, low-cost and environmentally friendly. This method eliminates the need for additional material preparation and processing, making it more cost-effective and environmentally friendly.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zeyu Liu, Yuying Yan
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the formation of deposition patterns during the evaporation of magnetic nanofluid droplets at different substrate temperatures. The experimental results show that as the temperature increases, the droplet evaporation exhibits uniform patterns, typical 'coffee ring' patterns, and dual ring patterns. The study also reveals the crucial role of Marangoni flow in the formation of secondary ring patterns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hai Zhao, Puzhen Gao, Xiaochang Li, Ruifeng Tian, Hongyang Wei, Sichao Tan
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between flow-induced vibration and forced convection heat transfer in a tube bundle. The results show that the impact of flow-induced vibration on heat transfer varies in different flow velocity regions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rohit Chintala, Jon Winkler, Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj, Xin Jin
Summary: The current state of fault detection and diagnosis for residential air-conditioning systems is expensive and not suitable for widespread implementation. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution by introducing an automated fault detection algorithm as a screening step before more expensive tests can be conducted. The algorithm uses home thermostats and local weather information to identify thermodynamic parameters and detect high-impact air-conditioning faults.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Azimi, N. Basiri, M. Eslami
Summary: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for improving the water-film cooling system of photovoltaic panels, resulting in a significant increase in net energy generation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duc-Thuan Phung, Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Summary: In this study, a novel CFDMD model is used to analyze and investigate the behavior of thermal-lag engines (TLE). The study shows that the CFDMD model effectively captures the thermodynamic behavior of the working gas and the dynamic behavior of the engine mechanism. Additionally, the study explores the temporal evolution of engine speed and the influence of various parameters on shaft power and brake thermal efficiency. The research also reveals the existence of a thermal-lag phenomenon in TLE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiying Yang, Yinjie Shen, Lin Li, Yichen Pan, Ping Yang
Summary: The purpose of this article is to find a measure to improve the interfacial thermal transfer of graphene/silicon heterojunction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, it is found that surface modification can significantly reduce the thermal resistance, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the graphene/silicon interface.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qiong Wu, Yancheng Wang, Haonan Zhou, Xingye Qiu, Deqing Mei
Summary: This article introduces a visible methanol steam reforming microreactor, which uses an optical crystal as an observation window and measures the reaction temperature in real-time using infrared thermography. The results show that under lower oxygen to carbon ratio conditions, the microreactor has a higher heating rate and a stable gradient in temperature distribution.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Thermodynamics
Giulia Manco, Umberto Tesio, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying energy systems for the combined management of power vectors. Most of the published works focus on finding the optimal design and operations of Multi Energy Systems (MES). However, for newcomers to this field, understanding how to achieve the desired optimization details while controlling computational expenses can be challenging and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the existing literature on MES, with the aim of guiding practical development of MES optimization. Through the discussion of six case studies, the authors provide a mathematical formulation as a reference for building the model and emphasize the impact of different aspects on the problem nature and solver selection. In addition, the paper also discusses the different approaches used in the literature for incorporating thermal networks and storage in the optimization of multi-energy systems.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuepeng Yuan, Caiman Yan, Yunxian Huang, Yong Tang, Shiwei Zhang, Gong Chen
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale microgroove wick (MSMGW) was developed by laser irradiation, which demonstrated superior capillary performance. The surface morphology and performance of the wick were affected by laser scan pitch, laser power, repetition frequency, and scanning speed. The MSMGW showed optimal capillary performance in alumina material and DI water as the working fluid.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maofei Mei, Feng Hu, Chong Han
Summary: This paper proposes an effective local search method based on detection of droplet boundaries for understanding the dynamic process of droplet growth during dropwise condensation. The method is validated by comparing with experimental data. The present simulation provides an effective approach to more accurately predict the nucleation site density in future studies.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rahul Kumar Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Dibakar Rakshit
Summary: The study explores the use of phase change materials (PCM) as a retrofit with Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems (HVAC) to reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. By incorporating PCM with specific thickness and fin configurations, significant energy savings can be achieved in comparison to standard HVAC systems utilizing R134a. This research provides policymakers with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions for HVAC systems to combat climate change.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenhua Ren, Xiangjin Meng, Xingang Qi, Hui Jin, Yunan Chen, Bin Chen, Liejin Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the heat transfer mechanism and factors influencing thermal radiation in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal, and proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate the process. Experimental validation results show that thermal radiation accounts for a significant proportion of the total heat exchange in the reactor and a large amount of radiant energy exists in the important spectral range of supercritical water. Enhancing radiative heat transfer can effectively increase the temperature of the reaction medium and the gasification rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mauro Abela, Mauro Mameli, Sauro Filippeschi, Brent S. Taft
Summary: Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are passive two-phase heat transfer devices with a simple structure and high heat transfer capabilities. The actual unpredictability of their dynamic behavior during startup and thermal crisis hinders their large-scale application. An experimental apparatus is designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. The results show that increasing the number of evaporator sections and condenser temperature improves the performance of PHP. The condenser temperature also affects the initial liquid phase distribution and startup time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Gan, Ruilian Li, Yi Zheng, Hui Xu, Ying Gao, Jiajie Qian, Ziming Wei, Bin Kong, Hong Zhang
Summary: A 3-dimensional enhanced heat pipe radiator has been developed to improve heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in cooling high-power electronic components. Experimental results show that the radiator has superior heat transfer performance compared to a conventional aluminum fin radiator under different heating powers and wind speed conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhang, Shuzhong Wang, Daihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Wu
Summary: This study focuses on recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag using dry centrifugal pelletizing technology. A comprehensive two-dimensional model was developed to analyze heat transfer dynamics and investigate factors influencing heat exchange efficiency. The findings have important implications for optimizing waste heat recovery and ensuring safe operations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xincheng Wu, An Zou, Qiang Zhang, Zhaoguang Wang
Summary: The boosting heat generation rate of high-performance processors is challenging traditional cooling techniques. This study proposes a combined design of active jet intermittency and passive surface modification to enhance heat transfer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
