Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mao qi He, Gang Yu, Chong Yang, Long Han
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic soft sensor framework for predicting matte grade, which has been successfully implemented in a copper smelter in northeast China. The framework utilizes a time-lagged correlation analysis-based method for variable selection and dynamic information exploration, and applies Gaussian process regression with optimized hyperparameters by a particle swarm algorithm.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ao Zhou, Leru Zhang, Yugao Zhou, Yongbin Li, Xiaosong Wu, Longgong Xia, Zhihong Liu
Summary: The study investigates the industrial application of oxygen-rich side blowing furnaces in the direct lead-smelting process and analyzes the material balance. The results show that this process has excellent potential and capability for co-processing various feedstocks, and achieves high recovery rates.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Wei Jin, Shenghai Yang, Chaobo Tang, Yun Li, Cong Chang, Yongming Chen
Summary: A new smelting process has been developed to efficiently extract bismuth metal from bismuthinite concentrate, addressing problems such as low recovery rate, high production cost, and flue gas pollution in traditional smelting processes.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Lin Chen, Peng Chen, Du-chao Zhang, Wei-feng Liu, Tian-zu Yang
Summary: The optimal oxygen to feed ratio for maximizing the partitioning of Bi, Pb, Cu, and Ag in the metal phase was found to be between 6.3 and 6.8 kmol/t. High p(SO2) resulted in Bi and Pb mainly partitioning in the gas phase as sulfides, indicating that reducing p(SO2) would be beneficial in decreasing dust ratio.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Tian-xiang Nan, Jian-guang Yang, Chao-bo Tang, Wen-chao Wang, Wei Long, Ji-yuan Yang
Summary: A new hydrometallurgical process based on the methanesulfonic acid system was proposed to efficiently extract bismuth from by-products of lead smelting. The optimum conditions for bismuth extraction were determined, resulting in a high purity bismuth plate. The cathode reaction mechanism of electrorefining was investigated, showing that temperature and acidity can affect the purity of the cathodic product.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhiwei Bian, Desheng Chen, Linquan Sun, Lina Wang, Hongxin Zhao, Yulan Zhen, Tao Qi
Summary: The influence of primary air injection mode (PAIM) on the gas-liquid multiphase flow in oxygen-rich side-blown bath smelting furnace (OSBF) was investigated through numerical simulation. The PAIM parameters, including number of nozzles, nozzle insertion length, nozzle tilt angle, and nozzle diameter, were optimized using an orthogonal test design. The results showed that the order of PAIM's influence on the OSBF process was nozzle insertion length, nozzle diameter, nozzle tilt angle, and nozzle number. The optimized PAIM conditions, including 8 nozzles, a nozzle insertion length of 0.12 m, a nozzle tilt angle of 0 degrees, and a nozzle diameter of 0.03 m, improved the smelting efficiency by 45% compared to practical conditions. Furthermore, physical model experiments confirmed the effectiveness of the optimized PAIM conditions in improving smelting efficiency in the OSBF.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Zhiwei Jiang, Xu Wang, Qingwei Qin, Zhengming Yi, Rongsheng Chen, Haibo Tang
Summary: Taking a company's oxygen-rich side-blown lead melting furnace as the research object, a physical model was constructed using Solidworks, a three-dimensional design software. The VOF multiphase flow model and standard turbulence model in FLUENT were used to simulate the gas-liquid multiphase flow based on the determination of physical properties. By adjusting the inclination angles of the spray gun, the distribution changes of key indicators such as the flow field, average turbulent kinetic energy, and gas content in the furnace were analyzed. The optimal tilt angle of the spray gun was found to be between 10 and 15 degrees.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei Jin, Shenghai Yang, Chaobo Tang, Yun Li, Cong Chang, Yongming Chen
Summary: The traditional bismuthinite concentrate precipitation smelting process faces challenges of low recovery of valuable metals, high fuel consumption, and costly SO2 flue gas treatment. This study proposes an eco-friendly alkaline smelting process to extract metallic bismuth and recover valuable metals. Through thermodynamic simulations and reaction product characterizations, a reductive sulfur-fixing mechanism and suitable bismuth extraction path were confirmed. Under optimized conditions, high enrichment rates of Bi, Pb, and Ag were achieved in crude bismuth, while Cu, Fe, Mo, and W entered the salt slag. Furthermore, efficient recovery of W and Mo was achieved through water leaching.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Victor Hugo Gutierrez Perez, Juan Daniel Osorio Hernandez, Ricardo Gerardo Sanchez Alvarado, Alejandro Cruz Ramirez, Seydy Lizbeth Olvera Vazquez, Jorge Enrique Rivera Salinas
Summary: Lead was recovered from a lead concentrate through direct smelting reduction using Na2CO3 and SiC mixtures. The addition of Na2CO3 was found to promote the formation of compounds that can decrease emissions and improve slag degradation.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Daiqiang Deng, Guodong Cao, Yihua Liang
Summary: By using moderate lead-smelting slag as a substitute for cement, the strength of backfill can be increased and the filling cost can be reduced.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mina Hadizadeh, Shima Barakan, Valeh Aghazadeh
Summary: Using alkaline leaching, arsenic was efficiently removed from lead concentrate, and the final product was suitable for further smelting processes after immobilization of arsenic through precipitation method. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of alkaline leaching in arsenic removal and subsequent treatment for environmental protection.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE METALLURGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huanhuan Sun, Wei Hua, Shiyu Liang, Yueying Li, Jian-Gan Wang
Summary: Surface charge recombination is a detrimental factor for bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) photo electrochemical (PEC) performance. In this study, a defect rich cobalt (oxy)hydroxides (Co(O)OH) nanolayer was demonstrated as an excellent cocatalyst on BiVO4 to greatly improve PEC water oxidation activity. The self-transformation of metal-organic framework produced an ultrathin Co(O)OH layer with oxygen vacancies, which served as a powerful hole extraction engine and an excellent oxygen evolution reaction catalyst. As a result, the hybrid photoanode of BiVO4/Co(O)OH achieved inhibited surface charge recombination and a prominent photocurrent density, around 2.6-fold higher than the pristine BiVO4. The Co(O)OH cocatalyst nanolayer also significantly reduced the onset potential of BiVO4 photoanodes. This work provides a versatile strategy for preparing oxygen-vacancy-rich cocatalysts on various photoanodes for high-efficient PEC water oxidation.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuehui Liu, Yueyi Li, Xuguang Liu, Jiaxin Li, Yanjie Feng, Xia Li
Summary: Oxygen vacancy-rich Bi/Bi3TaO7 binary nanomaterials were synthesized by in situ reduction. The composite exhibited superior photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RhB under visible light, attributed to the synergistic effect of bismuth metal and oxygen vacancies. The photoexcited carrier separation rate and corresponding ability of photoelectrons were greatly increased in the composite material.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Lisha Jiang, Yuan Li, Xiaoyong Wu, Gaoke Zhang
Summary: Oxygen vacancy-rich bismuth oxysulfide (Bi2O2S) with a layered structure was prepared as an efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction under visible light. The presence of abundant oxygen vacancies in Bi2O2S enhances CO2 adsorption, activation abilities, and carrier separation efficiency. This study provides insights into developing Bi-O-S photocatalysts through defect engineering for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Steven Hao Wan Kok, Jiale Lee, Wei -Kean Chong, Boon-Junn Ng, Xin Ying Kong, Wee -Jun Ong, Siang-Piao Chai, Lling-Lling Tan
Summary: Defective bismuth-rich oxychloride with oxygen vacancies (BOC-OV) was synthesized and optimized for N2 photo-fixation. The introduction of oxygen vacancies greatly improved the photo-absorption range, charge dynamics, and charge separation efficiency of the photocatalyst. The defect-rich BOC-OV sample exhibited a notable NH3 generation rate under solar irradiation.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)