Journal
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 98, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
AMER INST PHYSICS
DOI: 10.1063/1.3590919
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- Scientific User Facilities Divison, U.S. Department of Energy
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Dynamic switching spectroscopy piezoresponse force microscopy is developed to separate thermodynamic and kinetic effects in local bias-induced phase transitions. The approaches for visualization and analysis of five-dimensional data are discussed. The spatial and voltage variability of relaxation behavior of the a-c domain lead zirconate-titanate surface suggest the interpretation in terms of surface charge dynamics. This approach is applicable to local studies of dynamic behavior in any system with reversible bias-induced phase transitions ranging from ferroelectrics and multiferroics to ionic systems such as batteries, fuel cells, and electroresistive materials. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3590919]
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