Article
Optics
Nan Zhang, Ya Yan Lu
Summary: This study examines complex modes in open optical waveguides, focusing on circular fibers and silicon waveguides. By studying the formation mechanism and calculating dispersion relations, the research provides insight into the existence and properties of complex modes, filling a gap in optical waveguide theory.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhixiang Deng, Jin Zhang, Dianyuan Fan, Lifu Zhang
Summary: In this study, a numerical simulation was carried out to demonstrate an effective spectral conversion scheme that can directly generate mid-infrared light in a silicon nitride integrated photonics waveguide. Wideband conversions primarily occur near the traditional red-shift phase-matching point without adjusting the waveguide geometry. The conversion mechanisms involve nonlinear interaction of optical waves, including dispersive wave generation, soliton-probe collision, and phase-sensitive scattering processes.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Martino Bernard, Luca Gemma, Davide Brunelli, Giovanni Paternoster, Mher Ghulinyan
Summary: We report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a Silicon Nitride (SiN)-based integrated photonic chip in which the dielectric waveguides are coupled to photodetectors integrated homogeneously into the Silicon substrate. The photonic-electronic coupling was realized by a 3D inverse tapering of SiN waveguides.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dawson B. Bonneville, Jeremy W. Miller, Caitlin Smyth, Peter Mascher, Jonathan D. B. Bradley
Summary: The study reports on the deposition of high-optical quality silicon nitride thin films under low-temperature and low-pressure conditions using ECR-PECVD technology. The as-deposited films exhibit variable compositions with significant oxygen content and hydrogen incorporation.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Quentin Wilmart, Stephane Brision, Jean-Michel Hartmann, Andre Myko, Karen Ribaud, Camille Petit-Etienne, Laurene Youssef, Daivid Fowler, Benoit Charbonnier, Corrado Sciancalepore, Erwine Pargon, Stephane Bernabe, Bertrand Szelag
Summary: Ultra-low propagation losses in silicon sub-micrometric waveguides on a 200 mm CMOS compatible photonics platform were reported. Median losses in C-band (O-band) were as low as 0.1 dB/cm and 0.7 dB/cm (0.14 dB/cm and 1.1 dB/cm) in monomode rib and strip waveguides, respectively, thanks to a H-2 smoothing annealing. The performance characteristic of the main passive and active components of the photonics platform were preserved or even improved by the smoothing process.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jun Feng, Yijun Zheng, Qiyang Jiang, Malgorzata K. Wlodarczyk-Biegun, Samuel Pearson, Aranzazu del Campo
Summary: This paper presents an extrusion printing method for manufacturing flexible optical waveguides, and demonstrates the performance of the printed fibers in terms of optical loss, Young's Modulus, and stretchability. This method simplifies the fabrication process of compliant and stretchable devices from materials approved for clinical use.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Francesco De Leonardis, Richard A. Soref
Summary: In this study, we theoretically investigate the efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) in a lattice-matched N-doped (GaP)(N) / (Si-2)(M) short-period superlattice integrated in a strip waveguide on the silicon-on-insulator platform. We calculate the X-(2) spectrum and conversion efficiency for different superlattice structures and pump wavelengths.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yusra Mahmood Obeidat, Kevin L. Lear
Summary: The paper presents a model to calculate scattering losses in optical waveguides containing porous silica materials, with simulation results closely matching experimental data. The model considers factors affecting both surface and volume scattering losses, demonstrating good agreement with experimental results. The models can be used for calculating scattering losses in optical waveguides with porous silica claddings.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
George N. Tzintzarov, Adrian Ildefonso, Jeffrey W. Teng, Milad Frounchi, Albert Djikeng, Prahlad Iyengar, Patrick S. Goley, Ani Khachatrian, Joel Hales, Ryan Bahr, Stephen P. Buchner, Dale Mcmorrow, John D. Cressler
Summary: Experimental results show that the extinction of optical power in waveguides due to optical single-event transients (OSETs) is dependent on the number of injected electron-hole pairs. The fractional extinction remains constant regardless of the optical power level, raising concerns about using integrated silicon photonics for radiation-intensive applications.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zuoqin Ding, Han Wang, Taige Li, Xia Ouyang, Yaocheng Shi, A. Ping Zhang
Summary: This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of polymer optical waveguides using digital UV lithography. Nonlinear compensation and proximity effects compensation are applied to minimize stitching loss and improve the accuracy of the fabrication process. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the lithography technology in producing waveguides and other related devices with low bending loss and propagation loss.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Luis Torrijos-Moran, Antoine Brimont, Amadeu Griol, Pablo Sanchis, Jaime Garcia-Ruperez
Summary: A highly compact optical switch based on slow-light-enhanced bimodal interferometry in one-dimensional silicon photonic crystals is proposed and demonstrated, showing high efficiency operation with low power consumption. The device engineering highly dispersive and broadband bimodal regions for high-performance operation by exploiting the different symmetry of the modes.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhaoyi Li, Zuowen Fan, Jingjie Zhou, Qingyu Cong, Xianfeng Zeng, Yumei Zhang, Lianxi Jia
Summary: Silicon nitride is a material with great potential in silicon photonics due to its compatibility with CMOS processes and various advantages. However, the high stress generated during the deposition process restricts the thickness of the silicon nitride film on large wafers. In this study, we successfully fabricated a 400 nm-thick silicon nitride waveguide on an 8-inch wafer using a Damascene method and achieved low propagation losses at both 1550 nm and 1580 nm wavelengths.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhongyin Zhang, Zheng Chang, Xuanhui Fan, Jing Zhou, Xinwei Wang, Gen Li, Xiaoliang Zhang, Jie Zhu, Dawei Tang
Summary: Utilizing high pressure to modulate the optical properties of Al nano-film, this study found that the dR/dT values exhibit a sine-like pressure dependence, with the zero-crossing occurring at around 6 GPa, which can be explained from the perspective of electron transitions.
Article
Physics, Applied
Kevin Zhang, Gerhard Boehm, Mikhail A. Belkin
Summary: We demonstrate mid-infrared ring resonators fabricated in an In0.53Ga0.47As/InP materials platform operating at a wavelength of approximately 5.2 μm with quality factors over 120,000. Our results establish In0.53Ga0.47As/InP as a low-loss waveguiding platform for mid-infrared photonic integrated circuits that are fully integrable with InGaAs/AlInAs/InP quantum cascade lasers and detectors.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lars Brusberg, Aramais R. Zakharian, Sukru Ekin Kocabas, Lucas W. Yeary, Jason R. Grenier, Chad C. Terwilliger, Robert A. Bellman
Summary: Co-packaged optics in next-generation datacenters require a novel photonic packaging substrate with high precision optical alignment and electrical connectivity, allowing assembly of multiple components and interconnection with optical fibers. Glass substrate optimization includes optical waveguides, fiber connectors, and chip interfaces, enabling surface mounted flip-chip assembly and precise alignment for photonic components and electrical integrated circuits. Evanescent coupling enables flip-chip assembly of photonic components with low interface loss, while glass waveguides can transmit light with minimal propagation loss.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Optics
Kaikai Liu, Naijun Jin, Haotian Cheng, Nitesh Chauhan, Matthew W. Puckett, Karl D. Nelson, Ryan O. Behunin, Peter T. Rakich, Daniel J. Blumenthal
Summary: In this study, low-loss waveguides were demonstrated in a silicon nitride (Si3N4) CMOS-foundry-compatible integration platform. High-quality factor resonators and energy-efficient Brillouin lasers were achieved through optimizing the single-mode TM waveguide design and specific deposition processes. This research provides photon preservation and energy-efficient light sources for future precision scientific applications.
Article
Optics
Hayk Gevorgyan, Anatol Khilo, Mark T. Wade, Vladimir M. Stojanovi, Milos A. Popovi
Summary: This paper introduces a co-optimized monolithic electronics-photonics platform that transforms the structure of MOS field-effect transistors into highly efficient MOS capacitor ring modulators. The modulator achieves the smallest ring cavity and the largest free spectral range in the O-band, setting a record for shift efficiency. The paper demonstrates the excellent performance of the modulator under RF drive and proves its strong nonthermal tuning mechanism.
PHOTONICS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Optics
Bohan Zhang, Mark Schiller, Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Deniz Onural, Anatol Khilo, Michael J. Naughton, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: Researcher proposed a new type of 1D polarization-insensitive grating coupler (PIGC) that is based on a zero-birefringence subwavelength corelet waveguide. The PIGC demonstrated low insertion losses and a wide polarization dependent loss bandwidth in the telecommunications O-band.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shai Gertler, Nils T. Otterstrom, Michael Gehl, Andrew L. Starbuck, Christina M. Dallo, Andrew T. Pomerene, Douglas C. Trotter, Anthony L. Lentine, Peter T. Rakich
Summary: The growing demand for bandwidth has made photonic systems a leading candidate for future telecommunication and radar technologies. However, it remains challenging to realize narrowband filters needed for high-performance communications systems using integrated photonics. In this study, the authors demonstrate all-silicon microwave-photonic notch filters with significantly higher spectral resolution by utilizing optomechanical interactions to access long-lived phonons in silicon.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Nathan Dostart, Bohan Zhang, Michael Brand, Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Deniz Onural, Daniel Feldkhun, Milos Popovi, Kelvin Wagner
Summary: Optical phased arrays (OPAs) for 2D beam-steering are limited by wavelength, which affects field of view and efficiency. We propose a Vernier transceiver scheme that uses different periodicities to eliminate ambiguity and increase efficiency. This scheme enables dynamic Vernier and ultra-fast scanning.
Article
Optics
Naijun Jin, Charles A. Mclemore, David Mason, James P. Hendrie, Yizhi Luo, Megan L. Kelleher, Prashanta Kharel, Franklyn Quinlan, Scott A. Diddams, Peter T. Rakich
Summary: The Fabry-Perot resonator is widely used in various fields and this paper introduces a scalable approach to fabricate mirrors with ultrahigh finesse. The method allows for the production of high-finesse resonators with a wide range of mirror geometries, which is important for emerging quantum optics and frequency metrology technologies.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Linbo Shao, Di Zhu, Marco Colangelo, Daehun Lee, Neil Sinclair, Yaowen Hu, Peter T. Rakich, Keji Lai, Karl K. Berggren, Marko Loncar
Summary: This research presents a method for electrical control of gigahertz travelling acoustic waves at both room temperature and low temperatures, and introduces the development of an acoustic frequency shifter and an electro-acoustic amplitude modulator. The study also demonstrates the potential of this method in quantum applications.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
P. Kharel, Y. Chu, D. Mason, E. A. Kittalaus, N. T. Otterstrom, S. Gertler, P. T. Rakich
Summary: This paper demonstrates strong coupling in a Brillouin-based bulk cavity optomechanical system, showing efficient, high-bandwidth, and deterministic transfer of quantum states as well as control of mechanical motion. By creating hybridized photonic-phononic modes through mode hybridizations, the system exhibits significantly longer lifetimes than an uncoupled system. Additionally, the bulk-acoustic-wave resonators supported phonons in this system have properties such as high frequencies, long coherence times, and robustness against thermal decoherence.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joel Guo, Charles A. McLemore, Chao Xiang, Dahyeon Lee, Lue Wu, Warren Jin, Megan Kelleher, Naijun Jin, David Mason, Lin Chang, Avi Feshali, Mario Paniccia, Peter T. Rakich, Kerry J. Vahala, Scott A. Diddams, Franklyn Quinlan, John E. Bowers
Summary: This work demonstrates a laser system with a 1.1 Hz linewidth and fractional frequency instability below 10^(-14) in 1 second. By utilizing integrated lasers and microfabricated mirrors, this system achieves low-noise performance and holds potential for high-volume manufacturing.
Article
Optics
Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Mark Schiller, Bohan Zhang, Deniz Onural, Michael J. Naughton, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: We present the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of photonic crystal nanobeam cavities with the smallest footprint, largest intrinsic quality factor, and smallest mode volume to date in a monolithic CMOS platform. Two types of cavities with opposite spatial mode symmetries were designed. The nanobeam cavities can be used in reflectionless topologies due to their opposite mode symmetry and evanescent coupling, making them desirable for complex photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The devices were fabricated in a 45 nm monolithic electronics-photonics CMOS platform optimized for silicon photonics (GlobalFoundries 45CLO) and demonstrated quality factors exceeding 100,000, the highest reported among fully cladded PhC nanobeam cavities in any silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The ability of the cavities to confine light into small mode volumes was experimentally confirmed using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). These cavities are an important step towards realizing ultra-low energy active devices for next-generation integrated optical links beyond current microring resonator-based links and other CMOS PICs.
Article
Physics, Applied
Charles A. McLemore, Naijun Jin, Megan L. Kelleher, James P. Hendrie, David Mason, Yizhi Luo, Dahyeon Lee, Peter Rakich, Scott A. Diddams, Franklyn Quinlan
Summary: The best performance from compact, portable, and repeatably manufactured electromagnetic (EM) oscillators has for decades been built upon crystalline quartz resonators operating at radio frequencies. However, meeting demands for increased measurement sensitivity requires pushing beyond a fractional frequency stability of 10-13, typical of the best ovenized quartz. Here we demonstrate the validity of a manufacturable, compact Fabry-Perot reference that improves upon all other centimeterscale oscillators by more than a factor of 10, including those based on solid-state optical resonators as well as quartz.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2022)
Article
Optics
Taekwon Yoon, David Mason, Vijay Jain, Yiwen Chu, Prashanta Kharel, William H. Renninger, Liam Collins, Luigi Frunzio, Robert J. Schoelkopf, Peter T. Rakich
Summary: This study presents a hybrid microwave-optical platform capable of coupling to bulk acoustic waves through cavity-enhanced piezoelectric and photoelastic interactions. The system achieves resonant and well-mode-matched interactions, demonstrating strong optomechanical interactions and high cooperativity using optical cavity enhancement. Furthermore, the device functions as a bidirectional electro-opto-mechanical transducer and offers a tool for probing anomalous electromechanical couplings.
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
D. Kramnik, I. Wang, J. M. Fargas Cabanillas, A. Ramesh, S. Buchbinder, P. Zarkos, C. Adamopoulos, P. Kumar, M. A. Popovic, V. Stojanovic
Summary: Integrated photonics offers scalability for practical photonic quantum information processing. By integrating circuits alongside photonics in a standard CMOS process, we demonstrate feedback control of four-wave mixing in a silicon microring, enabling in-situ operation in the photon-pair generation regime.
ESSCIRC 2022- IEEE 48TH EUROPEAN SOLID STATE CIRCUITS CONFERENCE (ESSCIRC)
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kenaish Al Qubaisi, Dorde Gluhovic, Deniz Onural, Milos A. Popovic
Summary: This study proposes a scheme using microring resonators to achieve standing-wave resonator operation, eliminating reflections while maintaining a throughport response similar to a traveling-wave resonator. This could potentially enable interdigitated p-n junction microring modulators to achieve higher performance than other geometries.
2022 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION (OFC)
(2022)
Article
Optics
John H. Dallyn, Kaikai Liu, Mark W. Harrington, Grant M. Brodnik, Peter T. Rakich, Daniel J. Blumenthal, Ryan O. Behunin
Summary: Due to their highly coherent emission and compact form factor, Brillouin lasers have various applications, but noise has been a challenging issue. By developing a coupled-mode theory, a better understanding of Brillouin laser performance can be achieved, leading to strategies for improving its performance.