Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hilde Oliver, Weifeng G. Zhang, Walker O. Jr Jr Smith, Philip Alatalo, P. Dreux Chappell, Andrew J. Hirzel, Corday R. Selden, Heidi M. Sosik, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Yifan Zhu, Dennis J. Jr Jr McGillicuddy
Summary: Climatic changes have decreased the stability of the Gulf Stream, leading to more frequent interactions with the Mid-Atlantic Bight, potentially impacting marine ecosystems in the area.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Loay J. Jabre, Andrew E. Allen, J. Scott P. McCain, John P. McCrow, Nancy Tenenbaum, Jenna L. Spackeen, Rachel E. Sipler, Beverley R. Green, Deborah A. Bronk, David A. Hutchins, Erin M. Bertrand
Summary: The study found that increased iron availability and warming in the Southern Ocean can significantly enhance nutrient uptake and primary productivity in surface ocean microbial communities, with a greater effect observed under simultaneous iron addition and warming. Furthermore, the dominant diatom Pseudo-nitzschia showed increased abundance under warming conditions, attributed to its up-regulation of iron-conserving photosynthetic processes and improved iron uptake and storage mechanisms. These findings highlight important physiological differences between diatom groups and suggest potential shifts in phytoplankton assemblages and nutrient cycling in iron-limited Southern Ocean ecosystems under warming conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Solene Irion, Urania Christaki, Hugo Berthelot, Stephane L'Helguen, Ludwig Jardillier
Summary: This study measured the CO2-fixation of different groups of phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean and found that small phytoplankton play a significant role in carbon fixation and export, especially after intense diatom blooms. The results highlight the importance of further exploring the role of small cells in CO2-fixation and export in the Southern Ocean.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Toby Samuels, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Sinead Collins
Summary: Extreme environmental fluctuations like marine heatwaves can have devastating effects on ecosystem health and functioning, but recent studies show that populations have variable tolerance to them. Factors like genetic variation, thermal experience, and heatwave intensity contribute to population responses. Experimentally simulating heatwaves on diatoms revealed that hotter and longer heatwaves increased mortality and slowed growth, with intraspecific variation in post-heatwave growth rates. These findings highlight the potential of Southern Ocean diatoms to tolerate future MHWs.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Feng Wang, Yuqiu Wei, Guicheng Zhang, Linlin Zhang, Jun Sun
Summary: Marine picophytoplankton play a crucial ecological role and contribute significantly to marine primary productivity. This study examined the distribution patterns, carbon biomass, and Chl a concentrations of picophytoplankton in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. Prochlorococcus was found to be the most abundant group, followed by Synechococcus and picoeucaryote. The study also revealed the contrasting biogeographic distribution patterns of picophytoplankton communities. Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus were concentrated in the low latitude, while picoeucaryote showed higher abundance in other sections. The study highlights the importance of understanding the impact of environmental conditions on picophytoplankton community and their contribution to the carbon pool in oligotrophic oceans.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Calle Niemi, Agnes Mols Mortensen, Ralf Rautenberger, Sanna Matsson, Andras Gorzsas, Francesco G. Gentili
Summary: Seaweed is considered as a potentially sustainable source of protein, but current protein estimation methods are interfered by substances in seaweeds. This study compared different protein assays and spectroscopic methods for seaweed protein estimation. Spectral prediction methods showed good performance in predicting seaweed protein with minimal sample preparation and chemical use, making them environmentally sustainable and economically viable.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Cagri Cavdaroglu, Banu Ozen
Summary: Spectroscopic methods were used to predict quality and chemical parameters of vinegar processing, with accurate models obtained for most quality parameters through a combination of two spectroscopic datasets.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
J. B. Sallee, E. P. Abrahamsen, C. Allaigre, M. Auger, H. Ayres, R. Badhe, J. Boutin, J. A. Brearley, C. de Lavergne, A. M. M. ten Doeschate, E. S. Droste, M. D. du Plessis, D. Ferreira, I. S. Giddy, B. Guelk, N. Gruber, M. Hague, M. Hoppema, S. A. Josey, T. Kanzow, M. Kimmritz, M. R. Lindeman, P. J. Llanillo, N. S. Lucas, G. Madec, D. P. Marshall, A. J. S. Meijers, M. P. Meredith, M. Mohrmann, P. M. S. Monteiro, C. Mosneron Dupin, K. Naeck, A. Narayanan, A. C. Naveira Garabato, S-a. Nicholson, A. Novellino, M. oedalen, S. osterhus, W. Park, R. D. Patmore, E. Piedagnel, F. Roquet, H. S. Rosenthal, T. Roy, R. Saurabh, Y. Silvy, T. Spira, N. Steiger, A. F. Styles, S. Swart, L. Vogt, B. Ward, S. Zhou
Summary: The Southern Ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the global climate by controlling heat and carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, there is limited knowledge about the oceanic processes in this extreme environment due to a lack of observations and the difficulty of capturing intermittent processes in current Earth system models. The Southern Ocean Carbon and Heat Impact on Climate programme aims to address this knowledge gap by studying the physical processes controlling exchanges between the atmosphere, ocean, and sea ice through a combination of observational and modeling approaches.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
D. Zuniga, A. Sanchez-Vidal, M. M. Flexas, D. Carroll, M. M. Rufino, G. Spreen, A. Calafat, F. Abrantes
Summary: Physical and biogeochemical processes in the Southern Ocean play a vital role in global climate modulation. Understanding how Antarctic diatoms control primary production, carbon export, and ocean carbon sequestration is identified as a scientific priority. Research using sediment trap observations and ocean biogeochemistry models highlights the significant role of diatom ecology in modulating the efficiency of silicon versus carbon sequestration, impacting the stoichiometric relationship of limiting nutrients in the Southern Ocean.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Jingxi Li, Fenglei Gao, Di Zhang, Wei Cao, Chang Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the distribution and composition of microplastics in seawater of the southern Indian Ocean. The results show that the abundance of microplastics fluctuates in the latitudinal direction and the ocean current facilitates the agglomeration and transportation of microplastics. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), Rayon, polyamide (PA), and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) were identified as the main polymers of microplastics in this region.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
K. M. Bisson, B. B. Cael
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between Southern Ocean sea ice and under-ice phytoplankton characteristics using a distributional approach. The results showed significant correlations between Argo float data and freeboard variance, lead fraction, and mixed layer depth, indicating that sea ice dynamics play a key role in modulating the amount of light available to phytoplankton. The study highlights the importance of diagnostic models and field studies to further understand the processes influencing under-ice phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Cole F. Persch, Pedro Dinezio, Nicole S. Lovenduski
Summary: The study reveals the correlation between orbital precession and CO2 outgassing in the Southern Ocean. During periods of high precession, there is an anomalous release of CO2 from the Southern Ocean, which can be attributed to the poleward shift in the southern westerly winds, enhanced Southern Ocean meridional overturning, and an increase in the surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 along the core of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Xu, Hongchu Yu, Zeqiang Chen, Wenying Du, Nengcheng Chen, Chong Zhang
Summary: Ocean primary productivity is crucial for ocean ecosystems and the carbon cycle. Accurate forecasting of ocean primary productivity months in advance is beneficial for marine management. This study proposes a joint forecasting model that combines seasonal climate predictions and temporal memories of relevant factors to examine the predictability of ocean productivity. The results show that the combination of seasonal SST predictions and local memory can skillfully predict a large portion of productive oceans at different lead times. The hybrid data-driven and model-driven approach improves the predictability of ocean productivity, with seasonal climate predictions playing a significant role.
Article
Soil Science
Clever Briedis, Joao Carlos de Moraes Sa, Rattan Lal, Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira, Julio Cezar Franchini, Debora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori
Summary: No-till system has the potential to sequester soil organic carbon (SOC) in the topsoil and increase soil quality. This study investigated the long-term effects of two tillage systems (conventional tillage - CT and no-till - NT) on mechanisms of SOC stabilization and found that SOC accumulation in the topsoil of NT is influenced by the maintenance of labile organic compounds and the low turnover of large macroaggregates. These findings contribute to our understanding of SOC dynamics in tropical soils.
Article
Limnology
Youting Ye, William G. Sunda, Haizheng Hong, Dalin Shi
Summary: The productivity of diatoms in the Southern Ocean is important for carbon transfer from the atmosphere to the ocean's interior, but their growth is limited by factors like iron and light. Increased CO2 concentrations are expected to have little effect on diatom carbon fixation in the Southern Ocean. The different responses of cold-water and temperate diatoms to the changing environment need further investigation to understand and predict changes in the efficiency of the biological carbon pump and its feedback to climate change.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Javiera Sanhueza Ortega, Rocio Corrales-Orovio, Peter Ralph, Jose Tomas Egana, Carmine Gentile
Summary: 3D bioprinting technology has the potential to revolutionize the biomedical field by enabling tissue engineering and regeneration. However, there are challenges to be addressed, such as the lack of tissue oxygenation in bioprinted tissues and organs. Recent approaches, including the use of photosynthetic microorganisms, offer promising solutions to improve tissue oxygenation. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art approaches and discusses the application of photosynthetic microorganisms in 3D bioprinting.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Luong N. Nguyen, Minh T. Vu, Hang P. Vu, Md. Abu Hasan Johir, Leen Labeeuw, Peter J. Ralph, T. M. I. Mahlia, Ashok Pandey, Ranjna Sirohi, Long D. Nghiem
Summary: This paper reviews the current state of microalgal culture development for carbon capture and utilization (CCU) and highlights its potential contribution to addressing climate change challenges. Innovative system designs are crucial to achieve large-scale CO2 capture by microalgae, and downstream processes of microalgal culture are important for the overall success of microalgae-based CCU.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shawn Price, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Mathieu Pernice, Andrei Herdean, Peter Ralph
Summary: Poly-hydroxy-butyrate (PHB) bioplastic resin can be produced from atmospheric CO2 using cyanobacteria. Random mutagenesis combined with FACS was used to select mutants with higher lipid content, resulting in two strains with significantly increased PHB yields, biomass accumulation, and volumetric PHB density. The highest PHB yielding strain was 43% higher than the wild type, and the highest volumetric PHB density was 75% higher. This study shows the potential of random chemical mutagenesis and FACS in increasing PHB productivity in cyanobacteria, making bioplastic production economically viable.
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Michael P. Doane, Martin Ostrowski, Mark Brown, Anna Bramucci, Levente Bodrossy, Jodie van de Kamp, Andrew Bissett, Peter Steinberg, Martina A. Doblin, Justin Seymour
Summary: This study investigates the drivers of bacterioplankton assembly and finds that both environmental factors and biotic interactions are important in shaping bacterioplankton diversity. The importance of these factors varies depending on the environmental heterogeneity of the location, with environmental factors playing a larger role in more variable environments and biotic interactions being more important in stable environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Andrei Herdean, Christopher Hall, David J. Hughes, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Bernardo Campos Diocaretz, Peter J. Ralph
Summary: Light intensity and temperature have independent impacts on the photosynthetic machinery. In this study, we found that PAM measurements at different temperatures produce significantly different results in the chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris. We also discovered that temperature plays a crucial role in non-photochemical quenching, and previous temperature acclimation does not affect it.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Stuart H. Larsen, John Beardall
Summary: The presence of a carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) in phytoplankton affects their response to changes in dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations in the ocean. Previous studies suggested that the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi did not possess a CCM, but recent research indicates otherwise. This study shows that another coccolithophore species, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, also has a functioning CCM, suggesting that increased CO2 concentrations may not lead to enhanced growth rates. Careful adjustments in centrifugation speeds are necessary when working with Gephyrocapsa oceanica due to the larger size of its liths compared to Emiliania huxleyi.
Article
Oceanography
Giselle F. Firme, David J. Hughes, Leonardo Laiolo, Moninya Roughan, Iain M. Suthers, Martina A. Doblin
Summary: Mesoscale eddies play a significant role in driving variability in phytoplankton functional trait composition and primary productivity relative to adjacent waters. In the offshore waters of southeast Australia, these eddies provide an important enrichment mechanism in nitrogen-limited areas, but there is limited knowledge about primary productivity within cold and warm-core eddies and the factors that affect phytoplankton communities in this variable environment. This study quantified net primary productivity and compared phytoplankton species composition in five different environments, highlighting the importance of cold-core eddies in regulating primary productivity in eastern Australian waters and the need to incorporate phytoplankton size structure in eddy-resolving models for accurate forecasts.
DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiaofeng Wan, Yunyue Zhou, John Beardall, John A. Raven, Jiamin Lin, Jiali Huang, Yucong Lu, Shiman Liang, Mengcheng Ye, Mengting Xiao, Jingyuan Zhao, Xiaoying Dai, Jianrong Xia, Peng Jin
Summary: DNA methylation and gene transcription cooperate to contribute to the adaptation of microalgae to global changes.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Stuart H. Larsen, John Beardall
Summary: A subtropical clone of Gephyrocapsa oceanica was tested for its response to temperature and salinity. It was found that DMSP content in the cells increased with salinity and decreased with temperature. Furthermore, net DMSP production rate depended on cell size and growth rate, with the highest production rate observed below the optimum growth temperature. These findings suggest a complex relationship between temperature and DMSP production.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter J. Ralph, Mathieu Pernice
Summary: Photosynthesis can be utilized to capture carbon and promote greener industries. The use of algae-driven carbon capture and manufacturing technology has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions while also generating commodities like bioplastics.
Article
Environmental Sciences
He Li, John Beardall, Kunshan Gao
Summary: The marine picocyanobacterium Synechococcus plays a significant role in primary production in the global oceans. However, its responses to changing pCO(2) and light levels have been poorly studied. This research found that the growth of Synechococcus strain CB0101 is strongly influenced by light intensity, with peak growth at 250 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Elevated pCO(2) inhibits cell growth at high light intensities and decreases photosynthetic carbon fixation rates. It also significantly reduces particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, particularly under low light. These findings suggest that future ocean acidification may affect the growth and competitiveness of Synechococcus in surface waters.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Kate Scardifield, Nahum Mclean, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Peter J. Ralph, Nicolas Neveux, Geoff Isaac, Tim Schork
Summary: This paper presents the potential of using seaweed in construction to reduce embodied carbon. Through exploring the historical and current uses of seaweed in the industry, the study identifies opportunities for the development of seaweed-based construction materials. It emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research collaborations and showcases a case study on the design and production of seaweed bricks, highlighting their potential for carbon storage in the built environment.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Finnley W. R. Ross, Philip W. Boyd, Karen Filbee-Dexter, Kenta Watanabe, Alejandra Ortega, Dorte Krause-Jensen, Catherine Lovelock, Calvyn F. A. Sondak, Lennart T. Bach, Carlos M. Duarte, Oscar Serrano, John Beardall, Patrick Tarbuck, Peter I. Macreadie
Summary: Seaweed has the potential to mitigate climate change, but there are uncertainties surrounding its impact and the need for accurate carbon accounting. Four potential ways to enhance seaweed's contribution to climate change mitigation are: protecting and restoring wild seaweed forests, expanding sustainable nearshore seaweed aquaculture, offsetting industrial CO2 emissions using seaweed products, and sinking seaweed into the deep sea. Despite these opportunities, verified carbon accounting and sustainability thresholds are needed before large-scale investment.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cong Zhou, Di Zhang, Xiangqi Yi, John Beardall, Kunshan Gao
Summary: Ocean warming has significant effects on the physiology and growth of Emiliania huxleyi, a non-calcifying strain of coccolithophore. Short-term and long-term thermal treatments showed that increasing temperatures enhanced the growth of this species, but did not result in persistent adaptive changes in its growth characteristics and cellular components.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sara Hamzelou, Damien Belobrajdic, James A. Broadbent, Angela Juhasz, Kim Lee Chang, Ian Jameson, Peter Ralph, Michelle L. Colgrave
Summary: Protein derived from algae has great potential to provide high-quality protein foods for the growing human population. Proteomic investigations can provide insights into the composition and biochemistry of microalgae, aiding in the identification and cultivation of algae strains that produce high-quality protein. Current research has focused on pathways related to lipid production.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)