Article
Chemistry, Applied
M. T. Izquierdo, F. Garcia-Labiano, A. Abad, A. Cabello, P. Gayan, L. F. de Diego, J. Adanez
Summary: This study evaluated the stability of a CuO/Al2O3 impregnated oxygen carrier during methane chemical looping combustion at high oxygen carrier to fuel ratios. The research found that low oxygen carrier conversion variation reduced copper loss from particles, but reoxidizing the oxygen carrier at high temperatures was difficult due to the formation of CuAlO2. Operating at temperatures around 800 degrees C with low solid conversion variation is recommended to limit copper loss while maintaining physical stability.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xin Wu, Yunchang Dong, Jinchen Ma, Hengfeng Bu, Zhao Su, Laihong Shen, Haibo Zhao
Summary: In this study, a bimetallic oxygen carrier with good redox stability and sintering resistance is prepared in an industrial-scaled equipment. The oxygen carrier exhibits high combustion efficiency at high temperatures and shows potential for large-scale fluidized bed reactors.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Richard A. Newby, Dale L. Keairns, Robert W. Stevens
Summary: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of commercial production of oxygen carriers (OCs) for large-scale application in the chemical looping combustion (CLC) power generation industry. Two production facility scenarios were considered, and two OC production techniques were addressed. The estimated OC product costs can be used to guide development and determine the maximum OC makeup rate for achieving a designated cost-of-electricity (COE) reduction goal.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
A. Cabello, A. Abad, T. Mendiara, M. T. Izquierdo, L. F. de Diego
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) allows for the simultaneous combustion of a fuel and the capture of CO2. In this study, tests were conducted in a lab-scale CLC unit using a promising Cu-based oxygen carrier to determine its combustion performance and durability. Operating conditions were carefully selected to maximize the oxygen carrier's durability while achieving complete CH4 combustion. The results showed that the Cu-based oxygen carrier exhibited excellent mechanical resistance, making it suitable for continuous CLC operation at 900 degrees C.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giovanny S. de Oliveira, Ciro E. S. Lobo, Carlos E. A. Padilha, Domingos F. S. Souza, Juan A. C. Ruiz
Summary: Brazil aims to reduce its CO2 emissions by utilizing glycerin in Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC). The study evaluates the feasibility of using glycerin in CLC and finds that the addition of ethanol improves combustion efficiency, while the addition of methanol reduces efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pietro Bartocci, Alberto Abad, Arturo Cabello Flores, Margarita de las Obras Loscertales
Summary: To address the scale-up challenges of Chemical Looping Processes, the development of efficient and affordable oxygen carriers is crucial. Ilmenite, an ore-derived oxygen carrier, has been identified as an abundant and low-cost option. This paper provides insights into its preparation, reactivity, and performance compared to other carriers, along with its thermodynamic properties and kinetics. The paper also explores its compatibility with various fuels (solid, liquid, gaseous, including biofuels) and discusses important considerations such as cost, environmental sustainability, oxygen transport capacity, as well as issues related to fluidized bed reactors, such as agglomeration and attrition behavior. Furthermore, the paper investigates the interaction between ilmenite and fuels, including the impact of impurities and coke deposition on the gasification rate of solid fuels.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Dunyu Liu, Chaoran Wang, Yunpei Fan, Qiuqi Liu, Xudong Wang, Kailong Xu, Jing Jin, Jingjing Ma, Jinchen Ma
Summary: Chemical looping combustion (CLC) of coal for carbon capture utilization and storage is an effective technology to reduce carbon emission. However, there is uncertainty in mercury emission from both air and fuel reactor. This paper aims to reveal the mechanisms for the transformation of mercury-related species.
Article
Thermodynamics
Haodong Huang, Jinchen Ma, Haibo Zhao, Chuguang Zheng
Summary: This work investigates the behavior of coal-derived chlorine in chemical looping combustion (CLC) and the potential adverse impacts of primary gaseous chlorine (HCl) on a Cu-based oxygen carrier (OC). The inactivation mechanism of the sol-gel-derived CuO/Al2O3 OC is studied. It is found that HCl is the main gaseous chlorine in coal CLC and shows high reactivity towards CuO. The presence of HCl can result in corrosion and degradation of the OC.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Yuru Liu, Ke Yin, Jiawei Wu, Daofeng Mei, Jukka Konttinen, Tero Joronen, Zhifeng Hub, Chao He
Summary: This review systematically analyzes the impact of ash compositions on the oxygen carrier in the chemical looping process (CLP), providing insights into the agglomeration and melting process caused by ash deposition. Strategies are proposed to mitigate the adverse effects of ash and recycle useful metals.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yunchang Dong, Yanan Wang, Jinchen Ma, Hengfeng Bu, Chuanbao Zheng, Haibo Zhao
Summary: In this study, composite oxygen carriers were prepared using extrusion-spheronization method with fine iron and copper ores as raw materials and inert aluminosilicates as binders. After optimization, the oxygen carriers showed good performance in terms of reactivity and stability, indicating the suitability of the method for large-scale preparation of oxygen carrier particles.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Li Yang, Dan Zhu, Xin Wu, Chen Song, Caifu Li, Fang Liu, Zhengchang Song
Summary: Chemical looping combustion relies on high performance oxygen carriers (OCs). Iron-based OCs have excellent overall properties, but the disadvantage of low reduction reactivity limits their application prospects. Clarification of oxygen transfer pathways and bulk phase properties is essential to improve oxygen transfer rates and increase the reactivity of OCs.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jinchen Ma, Xin Tian, Haibo Zhao, Jingjing Ma, Chuguang Zheng
Summary: The performance of CuO@TiO2-Al2O3 oxygen carrier in CLOU is affected by coal ash, but it still has stable redox reactivity. The deposition of Ca from coal ash is found on the surface of the OC, but a close-grained ash shell is avoided due to the continuous release of gaseous O2 by CuO. Additionally, stable active phases were detected in both fresh and used samples.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feng Liu, Jing Liu, Yu Li, Ruixue Fang, Yingju Yang
Summary: The study found that spinel NiFe2O4 can be directly reduced into Ni-Fe alloy in CO atmosphere, with a reaction rate two times faster than Fe2O3. Factors such as reaction temperature, CO concentration, and heating rate can enhance the reactivity of NiFe2O4. The reactivity of lattice oxygen in NiFe2O4 is primarily influenced by the coordination environment of oxygen formed by different Ni/Fe atoms.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ranjani Siriwardane, Jarrett Riley, William Benincosa, Samuel Bayham, Michael Bobek, Douglas Straub, Justin Weber
Summary: The Copper-Ferri-Manganese-Aluminate spinel oxygen carrier developed at NETL has shown promising results for chemical looping combustion with methane, with high attrition resistance and oxygen transfer capacity. The carrier prepared at a commercial manufacturing facility displayed similar performance to lab scale preparations, demonstrating satisfactory methane conversion and high particle durability during testing.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Doyeon Lee, Hyungseok Nam, Hana Kim, Byungwook Hwang, Jeom-In Baek, Ho-Jung Ryu
Summary: The optimal oxygen carrier for pressurized CLC, N016-R4, was identified through experimental screening, showing high CO2 selectivity and low solid circulation rate.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Runping Ye, Yuan-Yuan Huang, Chong-Chong Chen, Yuan-Gen Yao, Maohong Fan, Zhangfeng Zhou
Summary: This article reviews various approaches to synthesize ethylene glycol (EG) from CO2 and its derivatives under mild conditions, including thermocatalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. The coal-to-ethylene glycol technology, a mature thermal catalytic method, still faces challenges in industrialization. The recent progress in the development of coal-to-ethylene glycol technology is discussed, with a focus on achieving EG synthesis under mild conditions through strategies such as doping promoters, support modification, and catalyst design. The emerging technological progress of photocatalytic and electrocatalytic EG synthesis under ambient conditions is also introduced, highlighting the need to address issues for large-scale production. Future development issues and prospects for ambient EG synthesis using different catalytic routes are proposed.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lulu Ping, Yuan Zhang, Baojun Wang, Maohong Fan, Lixia Ling, Riguang Zhang
Summary: Based on the advantages of ethane oxidative dehydrogenation and the challenge of low ethylene selectivity, chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) over the IrO2 catalyst was studied. The study revealed that both S-IrO2 and R-IrO2 states exist for the IrO2 catalyst in the dehydrogenation and regeneration processes, and the optimal reaction conditions were determined. This research expands the understanding of ethane CL-ODH over metal oxide catalysts and provides valuable information for process optimization and catalyst development.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yuan Zhang, Baojun Wang, Maohong Fan, Lixia Ling, Riguang Zhang
Summary: In this study, a strategy to improve the catalytic performance of Pt-Sn alloy catalysts in ethane dehydrogenation (EDH) is proposed by engineering the shell surface structure and thickness. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations are used to understand the influences of catalyst surface structure, temperature, and reactant partial pressures. The results demonstrate that Pt@Pt3Sn catalysts generally have higher C2H4(g) activity and lower selectivity compared to Pt3Sn@Pt catalysts, due to their unique surface geometrical and electronic properties.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lulu Chai, Jinlu Song, Yanzhi Sun, Xiaoguang Liu, Xifei Li, Maohong Fan, Junqing Pan, Xueliang Sun
Summary: This study proposes a smart dual-oxygen electrode for high-specific-energy batteries, which addresses the issues of energy efficiency decay, wide charge-discharge gap, and catalyst peeling. The electrode consists of a switch control module, OER and ORR catalysis layers, and an ion conductive | electronic insulating membrane. The electrode shows an ultralow energy efficiency decay rate and enables a high energy efficiency in zinc-air batteries.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wantong Zhao, Xuebai Lan, Baojun Wang, Maohong Fan, Riguang Zhang
Summary: In this study, the inverse Mo6C4/Cu catalyst is modeled and predicted to promote C2 oxygenates formation in syngas transformation. The results show that the inverse Mo6C4/Cu catalyst greatly improves catalytic performance and facilitates C2 oxygenate production compared to previous catalysts. This is attributed to the synergistic effect between Mo6C4 cluster with Cu catalyst, which easily activates CO to produce CH2 monomer and facilitates CO insertion into CH2 to CH2CO.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kunpeng Li, Hui Hu, Maohong Fan, Mi Zhang, Zhongming Chen, Ruibin Lv, Hao Huang
Summary: An advanced oxidation process (AOPs) using Fe(II) activated peracetic acid (PAA) was investigated for the simultaneous removal of SO2 and NO from flue gas. The maximum removal efficiencies obtained were 92.3% for NO and 99.5% for SO2 under optimal conditions. Reactive oxidizing species and organic radicals were generated in the Fe(II)/PAA system, with organic radicals confirmed to be the major factors affecting NO oxidation. The main products of SO2 and NO removal were identified as SO42- and NO3-.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tongtong Wang, Zhe Chen, Weibo Gong, Fei Xu, Xin Song, Xin He, Maohong Fan
Summary: Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have diverse applications in sensor manufacturing, electrochemical catalysis, and energy storage. Electrospinning is a powerful commercial large-scale production technique for CNFs due to its simplicity and efficiency. This paper discusses the working theory of manufacturing electrospun CNFs, current efforts in upgrading CNF properties, and the corresponding applications. Future development of CNFs is also discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yueyue Wu, Xinyi Guo, Xiufeng Shi, Baojun Wang, Maohong Fan, Riguang Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic performance of a series of S-modified PdM IMCs with different M types (Cu, Ag and Au) and ratios (1: 1, 3: 1 and 1: 3) in C2H2 semi-hydrogenation using DFT calculations and microkinetic modeling. The results show that the catalytic performance strongly depends on the space region of metal active site and the electronic properties induced by S atoms and the M type and ratio. Only S/Pd1Ag1 and S/Pd1Au1 exhibit higher H2 dissociation activity, C2H4 selectivity and production activity, and can effectively inhibit the formation of green oil.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weixiang Zhang, Lina Zhang, Sijia Pei, Jiarui Wang, Dawei Liu, Xiaoxun Ma, Maohong Fan, Long Xu
Summary: One of the most significant topics in chemical looping reforming technology is the design and preparation of appropriate oxygen carriers with high reactivity and excellent stability. This study focuses on the chemical looping reforming of methane using cobalt-doped Ce-based oxygen carriers synthesized via the solution combustion method with the assistance of coconut shell. The introduction of cobalt decreases the crystallite size, increases oxygen vacancy concentration and lattice oxygen mobility, and the addition of coconut shell further enhances these positive changes and the interaction between Ce and Co.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Behnam Moeini, Joshua W. Pinder, Tahereh G. Avval, Collin Jacobsen, Hidde H. Brongersma, Stanislav Prusa, Pavel Babik, Elena Vanickova, Morris D. Argyle, Brian R. Strohmeier, Brian Jones, Daniel Shollenberger, David S. Bell, Matthew R. Linford
Summary: Surface silanols (Si-OH) are important on fused silica surfaces in chromatography. In this study, we modified the inner surface of a fused silica capillary column by using a gas-phase reactor and a small reactive silane (TDMAMS). We quantified the number of surface silanols on unmodified and TDMAMS-modified silicon and found a significant decrease after modification.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jie Ding, Runping Ye, Yanghe Fu, Yiming He, Ye Wu, Yulong Zhang, Qin Zhong, Harold H. Kung, Maohong Fan
Summary: Urea, a crucial nitrogen fertilizer, plays a vital role in meeting global food demand. However, its current production method is energy-intensive and environmentally unfriendly. In this commentary article, the authors propose strategies to address and overcome these challenges.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chengda Li, Yueli Wen, Bin Wang, Maohong Fan, Wenlong Liu, Zheng Cui, Wei Huang
Summary: Activation and desorption of hydrogen in toluene methyl is the rate-limiting step for side-chain alkylation of toluene with methanol. In this study, two dehydrogenation strategies were employed to enhance catalytic performance by introducing Cu as a dehydrogenation component in PAl-NaX catalyst and adjusting the acid-base properties through varying NaOH loading. The relationship between the percentage of acid-base sites, low valence Cu species, and catalytic performance was investigated using various characterization techniques and ternary regression analysis. The results showed that Cu, especially low valence Cu species, promoted the selectivity of side-chain alkylation products to some extent, but base sites played a more critical role in enhancing selectivity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lulu Ping, Yuan Zhang, Baojun Wang, Maohong Fan, Lixia Ling, Riguang Zhang
Summary: Based on favorable thermodynamics and coking resistance, chemical looping oxidative dehydrogenation (CL-ODH) of ethane over IrO2 catalyst was studied. Two extreme states of the IrO2 surface structure, S-IrO2 and R-IrO2, were considered. It was found that the mechanisms of ethane dehydrogenation over S-IrO2 and R-IrO2 catalysts were different. The present study contributes to the understanding of ethane CL-ODH over metal oxide catalysts and provides valuable insights for process optimization and catalyst development.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Runping Ye, Lixuan Ma, Xiaoling Hong, Tomas Ramirez Reina, Wenhao Luo, Liqun Kang, Gang Feng, Rongbin Zhang, Maohong Fan, Riguang Zhang, Jian Liu
Summary: This study presents a strategy to enhance the low-temperature CO2 activation through regulating the local electron density of active sites. An optimized Ni/ZrO2 catalyst exhibits excellent performance for CO2 methanation, with high CO2 conversion, CH4 selectivity, and stability, making it one of the best Ni-based catalysts for CO2 methanation to date.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xuebai Lan, Mifeng Xue, Baojun Wang, Maohong Fan, Riguang Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the performance of diatomic metal catalysts in the semi-hydrogenation of C2H2 by constructing different types of DACs and tuning their coordination environments. The results show that CoCu@N6V4-11, CoPd@N6V4-11, CoNi@N6V4-11, and CoPt@N6V4-11 DACs exhibit superior C2H4 selectivity, formation activity, and stability. Introducing a second metal can significantly improve C2H4 selectivity while maintaining high C2H4 formation activity.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.
