Article
Engineering, Geological
Lin Tan, Fang Liu, Yu Huang, Giovanni Crosta, Paolo Frattini, Xueqi Cen
Summary: This study investigates the geomechanical stability of gently sloping reservoir of oceanic hydrates induced by gas production using the huff-puff method. The production-induced slope failure is likely to occur due to overpressure caused by thermal stimulation during the huff stage and strength reduction from hydrate dissociation. Proper modeling of geological structures is crucial in reservoir simulations to impact production effectiveness and geomechanical response of the reservoir.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kun Wan, Xiao-Sen Li, Yi Wang, Xiao-Yan Li, Xuan Kou, Heng-Qi Hu, Yu Zhang
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale hydrate simulator with an effective volume of 117.8 L was used for the first time to investigate multifield coupling and heterogeneity during hydrate dissociation. The results show that hydrate decomposition is heterogeneous, with the most abundant hydrates in the middle of the lower layer and the longest decomposition time in the lower layer.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tao Lv, Jing Cai, Yalong Ding, Jie Pan, Zhaoyang Chen, Xiaosen Li
Summary: In this study, a multilayer gas hydrate reservoir model was developed to predict the long-term production performance of the Shenhu area in the South China Sea. Hydraulic fracturing technology was introduced to enhance production, and its impact on the reservoir behavior was evaluated. The results showed that pressure propagation and fluid flow severely constrained hydrate dissociation in the low-permeability reservoir. During production, a significant amount of gas production came from dissolved gas in seawater and free gas in sediments. Hydraulic fracturing promoted hydrate dissociation and increased production capacity. However, it also led to the involvement of more pore water, reducing the production efficiency of the reservoir. The combination of hydraulic fracturing and other auxiliary methods can be considered for future hydrate reservoir development.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Na Zhang, Wei Liu, Xuefei Zou, Shaochun Wang, Qian Sun, Binfei Li, Songyan Li, Aabiskar Bhusal, Shuhua Wang, Zhaomin Li
Summary: This study investigates the diffusion behaviors of the injected fluid and their synergistic effect on ultra-heavy oil recovery in porous media using a 3D physical model. The results show that the combination of viscosity reducer, CO2, and steam can synergistically reduce oil viscosity and enhance oil recovery.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Man Huang, Zhirui Zhao, Dongchao Su, Lianghong Wu, Fanfan Qin, Meixia Zhang, Fulong Ning
Summary: To improve gas production in natural gas hydrate (NGH) reservoirs, a new method called radial water jet slotting and grouting (RWJSG) was proposed. A 3D gas production model based on the NGH reservoir in the South China Sea was constructed to evaluate the effectiveness of RWJSG. The results showed that RWJSG can effectively enhance gas recovery, with significant increases in hydrate dissociation efficiency, cumulative gas production, and gas to water production ratio.
Article
Polymer Science
Andrey Stoporev, Rail Kadyrov, Tatyana Adamova, Evgeny Statsenko, Thanh Hung Nguyen, Murtazali Yarakhmedov, Anton Semenov, Andrey Manakov
Summary: Polymeric models prepared with a 3D printer were used to study methane hydrate formation. Different plastics were tested, and their porosity volumes were analyzed using X-ray tomography. The type of polymer used was found to have a significant impact on enhancing hydrate formation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zemin Ji, Jia Zhao, Xinglong Chen, Yang Gao, Liang Xu, Chang He, Yuanbo Ma, Chuanjin Yao
Summary: In this article, a new method of CO2 huff and puff with a horizontal well assisted by pumping production and water injection disturbance is developed to improve oil recovery in shale reservoirs. Through comprehensive evaluation using a three-dimensional experimental simulation apparatus, the dynamic characteristic, pressure field distribution, and enhanced oil recovery effect are analyzed. The results demonstrate the potential of this method to increase oil recovery rate and improve economic benefit by combining CO2 injection energy enhancement with water injection disturbance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ya-Ting Xu, Yi Wang, Xiao-Sen Li, Xiao-Yan Li, Gang Li, Fu-Cheng Deng
Summary: The characteristics of hydrate-bearing sediments make the production of natural gas hydrates difficult. This study investigated sand production behaviors in methane hydrate reservoirs with different particle size quartz sands and found that particle size has an impact on particle migration.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ya-Ting Xu, Yi Wang, Xiao-Sen Li, Xiao-Yan Li, Gang Li, Fu-Cheng Deng
Summary: This study investigates the sand production behaviors in methane hydrate reservoirs with different particle size quartz sands through experiments and analysis. The relationship between the particle size and reservoir damage is also explored. The experimental results show that there is a certain particle size that is beneficial for particle migration, and the reservoir particle size is positively correlated with the amount of sand production. Moreover, based on the different particle sizes, optimization recommendations for the wellbore position are proposed to avoid sand production.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yongchang Feng, Lin Chen, Yuki Kanda, Anna Suzuki, Atsuki Komiya, Shigenao Maruyama
Summary: Artificial fractures in methane hydrate reservoirs can significantly improve hydrate dissociation and gas production efficiency, particularly in the early depressurization stage. Higher fracture permeability may shorten the economical production stage but lead to higher production rates. Furthermore, fractures facilitate the flow of hot water into the sediment, enhancing production efficiency during the economical production stage.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Xue, Yuanfang Cheng, Yang Li, Chuanliang Yan, Zhongying Han, Yong Chen, Bo Sun
Summary: This study developed a fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical (THMC) model based on the geological features of reservoirs in the Shenhu area of the South China Sea to analyze the response characteristics of various physical fields during hydrate exploitation. The study found that neglecting solid mechanics can result in overestimated hydrate productivity, and that hydrate saturation and seawater depth have significant effects on production efficiency and reservoir deformation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhiqiang Liu, Linlin Wang, Shihui Yu
Summary: This paper evaluates the production efficiency during gas recovery of methane hydrate by thermal stimulation and depressurization, and analyzes the main mechanism of hydrate dissociation. The results show that kinetic dissociation has no influence on exploitation, and the process of hydrate dissociation is mainly governed by heat transfer during the application of thermal stimulation. Gas recovery by depressurization can be divided into two independent processes, one mainly governed by fluid flow and another primarily controlled by heat transfer. It indicates that if the sensible heat of hydrate reservoirs cannot supply the dissociation of methane hydrate, additional energy in the form of heat transfer will be needed, significantly reducing production efficiency. The efficiency evaluation models for hydrate exploitation are established and validated, which can help optimize the design and solve the problem of low gas production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hisanao Ouchi, Koji Yamamoto, Koya Akamine, Satoshi Kano, Motoyoshi Naiki, Machiko Tamaki, Satoshi Ohtsuki, Takayuki Kanno, Norio Tenma
Summary: The study revealed vertical and horizontal heterogeneities in the gas-hydrate reservoir in Eastern Nankai Trough, along with a complexly disturbed situation in the near-wellbore region due to unconsolidated sediments, which were identified as the main reasons for the discrepancy between the model predictions and actual production behavior.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yaohao Guo, Jiawei Shi, Junjie Qiu, Zhi Xu, Bo Bao
Summary: CO2 huff-n-puff is a promising technique for enhancing production efficiency in tight reservoirs and reducing the carbon footprint. This study developed a novel multiscale-fluidic system to investigate the multiphase transport and phase transition during CO2 huff-n-puff. The results showed that limited gas diffusion and strong capillary barrier in unstimulated reservoirs are the primary challenges for huff-n-puff operation. However, in the presence of fractures saturated with CO2, the gas diffusion is greatly accelerated and the soaking time for effective huff-n-puff is shortened.
Article
Energy & Fuels
David Lall, Vikram Vishal, M. V. Lall, P. G. Ranjith
Summary: The study found that gas production was less efficient in the presence of a permeable heterogeneity compared to other scenarios. The permeability affects the vertical extent of dissolved methane volume during thermal stimulation and huff and puff, while well depth influences the radial extent of dissociated molecules.
JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ya-Ting Xu, Yi Wang, Xiao-Sen Li, Xiao-Yan Li, Gang Li, Fu-Cheng Deng
Summary: This study investigates the sand production behaviors in methane hydrate reservoirs with different particle size quartz sands through experiments and analysis. The relationship between the particle size and reservoir damage is also explored. The experimental results show that there is a certain particle size that is beneficial for particle migration, and the reservoir particle size is positively correlated with the amount of sand production. Moreover, based on the different particle sizes, optimization recommendations for the wellbore position are proposed to avoid sand production.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Zhang, Jing Cai, Xiao-Sen Li, Zhao-Yang Chen, Gang Li
Summary: The effect of particle size of porous media on CO2 hydrate formation was investigated by conducting formation experiments in three different-sized porous media. The experiments utilized three different porous media with mean particle diameters of 2.30 μm (clay level), 5.54 μm (silty sand level), and 229.90 μm (fine sand level). The results showed that the final gas consumption increased with higher initial pressure and lower formation temperature. Hydrate formation in the 229.90 μm porous media at an initial pressure of 4.8 MPa was slower and displayed multiple stages. The gas consumption rate was lowest at a temperature of 279.15 K. The particle size did not affect the final gas consumption, but it did affect the formation rates, with smaller media sizes having faster rates. The gas consumption rate per mol of water and final water conversion increased with decreasing water content. The presence of NaCl increased the induction time and decreased the final water conversion in the 5.54 μm porous media.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qiu-Nan Lv, Kai Zhang, Xiao-Sen Li, Gang Li
Summary: In this study, the formation process of cyclopentane-methane binary hydrates was investigated using in situ Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the methane molecules were encapsulated in small cages, while the cyclopentane molecules were encapsulated in large cages in the sII-type hydrates. This structure facilitated the nucleation rate of hydrates, and the calculated hydration number was 12.6.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Niu Li, Meng Jin, Joern Peckmann, Duofu Chen, Dong Feng
Summary: Large amounts of methane stored as methane hydrate along continental margins can release substantial quantities of methane when destabilized. Microorganisms in the marine subsurface convert methane into organic matter, which acts as a long-term carbon sink and mitigates the effect of methane as a greenhouse gas. However, the controls on the formation and consumption of sedimentary organic matter at marine seeps are poorly understood, hindering the accurate quantification of carbon burial and its role in the marine carbon cycle.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gang Li, Xiao-Sen Li, Qiu-Nan Lv, Chang-Wen Xiao, Fu-Cheng Deng
Summary: China conducted an offshore gas production test in the Shenhu Area of the South China Sea in 2020, with the goal of evaluating the potential of the hydrate deposits in the area. The test used a novel numerical simulation code to develop a mathematical model and replicate the field test in a marine hydrate reservoir. The results of the simulation showed that the current technology is not attractive for gas production from the hydrate deposits in this area, due to limited gas saturation and low temperature. The study recommends future geological surveys to focus on finding hydrate reservoirs with high gas saturation and large gas effective permeability, and suggests using thermal-assisted depressurization as a potential strategy for gas recovery from marine hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jingqian Xie, Gaoxin Zhang, Qiang Wu, Min Luo, Duofu Chen, Yu Zhang, Lisheng He, Yingming Li, Qinghua Zhang, Tian Lin, Guibin Jiang
Summary: This study analyzed the concentrations, influencing factors, and potential sources of PBDEs and NBFRs in hadal sediments and amphipods from the Mariana, Mussau, and New Britain trenches. The dominant PBDEs congener was BDE 209, and the dominant NBFRs was DBDPE. There was no significant correlation between TOC contents and PBDEs or NBFRs levels in sediment. The lipid content and body length were important factors affecting pollutant concentrations in amphipods, while the pollution levels of viscera were mainly influenced by sex and lipid content. PBDEs and NBFRs might reach trench surface seawater through long-range atmospheric transport and oceans currents but with little contribution from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. Determination of carbon and nitrogen isotopes indicated that the pollutants were transported and accumulated in amphipods and sediment via different pathways. This study provides new insights into the influencing factors and sources of PBDEs and NBFRs in the deepest oceans.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pengfei Di, Niu Li, Linying Chen, Junxi Feng, Duofu Chen
Summary: Cold seeps are an important source of methane in the ocean. This study analyzed the variations in Chl-alpha, nutrients, environmental parameters, and CH4 concentrations in the overlying water of Haima cold seeps. The results showed that the overlying water had low nutrient and low Chl-alpha levels, but phosphate and Chl-alpha were significantly elevated in the cold seeps compared to control stations. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that Chl-alpha in cold seep was positively correlated with salinity and negatively correlated with nutrient and CH4 concentrations.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Tingcang Hu, Min Luo, Yulin Qi, Ding He, Linying Chen, Yunping Xu, Duofu Chen
Summary: Pore water samples from Haima cold seeps sediments and non-seep reference sediments in the northern South China Sea were analyzed. The results showed that the seep sediments had higher abundance of labile DOM, indicated by protein-like DOM, H/Cwa, and MLBL%. The presence of sulfidic environment in the seep sediments led to increased S-containing formulas and biotic sulfurization, which increased DOM lability.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yu Hu, Dong Feng, Joern Peckmann, Xinxin Zhang, Linying Chen, Junxi Feng, Hongbin Wang, Duofu Chen
Summary: Methane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas with a large reservoir in marine sediments. It is mainly stored in gas-hydrate reservoirs and deep sedimentary strata along continental margins. The amount of deep-sourced CH4 and its role in subseafloor carbon and sulfur cycling are poorly understood.
GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Pengfei Di, Niu Li, Shanggui Gong, Joern Peckmann, Shuhong Wang, Duofu Chen, Wen Yan
Summary: This study investigates the resilience of carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS) isotopic signatures in reef carbonates, providing new insights for the reconstruction of ancient seawater sulfate sulfur and oxygen isotopes. The results indicate that reef carbonates can faithfully record changes in coeval seawater sulfur isotopes, regardless of diagenetic alteration, including dolomitization. However, the oxygen isotope composition of CAS is more susceptible to alteration during diagenesis.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yu Hu, Min Luo, Joern Peckmann, Xinxin Zhang, Linying Chen, Junxi Feng, Qianyong Liang, Duofu Chen, Dong Feng
Summary: This study analyzes the methods for quantifying the extent of authigenic carbonate formation in marine sediments and proposes a new approach for quantifying this formation in modern and ancient oceans. By analyzing pore-water parameters from areas affected by methane diffusion in the northern South China Sea, a significant positive correlation between carbonate precipitation rate and sulfate flux is found. This finding can be used to quantify the formation of authigenic carbonate in shallow sediments along continental margins and is important for understanding past carbon cycling and its relation to climate.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Qingwang Chen, Yu Hu, Jorn Peckmann, Linying Chen, Dong Feng, Qianyong Liang, Duofu Chen
Summary: The formation of authigenic phosphorus minerals in methane-rich sediment is closely related to carbon and iron cycling. The formation of bacterial sulfide and calcium phosphate in the zone between the current and fossil sulfate-methane transition is likely associated with methane depletion conditions stabilized by gas hydrate. Preferential release of phosphorus during organic matter degradation is observed at the fossil sulfate-methane transition. This study provides insights into the formation processes of authigenic phosphorus minerals and associated carbon and iron cycling in methane-rich sediments.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhiwei Zhu, Yuncheng Cao, Zihan Zheng, Nengyou Wu, Duofu Chen
Summary: This study applied the van der Waals-Platteeuw model to investigate the formation of CH4-H-2 hydrates in marine serpentinization environments, taking into account the effects of salinity. The model accurately predicted the three-phase equilibrium temperature and pressure for CH4-H-2 hydrates in pure water and provided theoretical insights for gas hydrate research in areas with marine serpentinization.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linying Chen, Pengfei Di, Junxi Feng, Duofu Chen, Niu Li, Yazi Li
Summary: This study reveals the impact of aeolian dust on microbial communities and highlights the importance of iron-bearing minerals in dust for microbial growth.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Bin Huang, Xiaosen Li, Jianwu Liu, Gang Li, Yating Xu, Biao Yin
Summary: This review evaluates recent research advances in sand control for hydrate production, summarizes the mechanical characteristics and dynamic response of hydrate sediment, and proposes a comprehensive consideration of various factors in sand control design and sand production mechanism.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.
